The DOI matches its Crossref record; 21 of the 21 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Nutrition and Training Adaptations in Aquatic Sports
Abstract
The adaptive response to training is determined by the combination of the intensity, volume, and frequency of the training. Various periodized approaches to training are used by aquatic sports athletes to achieve performance peaks. Nutritional support to optimize training adaptations should take periodization into consideration; that is, nutrition should also be periodized to optimally support training and facilitate adaptations. Moreover, other aspects of training (e.g., overload training, tapering and detraining) should be considered when making nutrition recommendations for aquatic athletes. There is evidence, albeit not in aquatic sports, that restricting carbohydrate availability may enhance some training adaptations. More research needs to be performed, particularly in aquatic sports, to determine the optimal strategy for periodizing carbohydrate intake to optimize adaptations. Protein nutrition is an important consideration for optimal training adaptations. Factors other than the total amount of daily protein intake should be considered. For instance, the type of protein, timing and pattern of protein intake and the amount of protein ingested at any one time influence the metabolic response to protein ingestion. Body mass and composition are important for aquatic sport athletes in relation to power-to-mass and for aesthetic reasons. Protein may be particularly important for athletes desiring to maintain muscle while losing body mass. Nutritional supplements, such as b-alanine and sodium bicarbonate, may have particular usefulness for aquatic athletes’ training adaptation.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“Another more precise way of expressing this recommendation is to make it relative to the athlete's body mass, that is, from 0.25 to 0.3 g/kg of the athlete's weight (Mujika et al., 2014;Shaw et al., 2014).”
From Protein intake by master swimmers: Implications for practice in Sports Nutrition—A cross-sectional study (2025) · cites this paper as Mujika et al., 2014
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
(2013) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1249/mss.0b013e318279a10a · Cited by 1,233
Moore, D. R., Robinson, M. J., Fry, J. L., Tang, J. E., Glover, E. I., Wilkinson, S. B., Prior, T., Tarnopolsky, M. A., & Phillips, S. M. (2009) · The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.3945/ajcn.2008.26401 · Cited by 973
Postexercise net protein synthesis in human muscle from orally administered amino acids
Tipton, K. D., Ferrando, A. A., Phillips, S. M., Doyle, D., & Wolfe, R. R. (1999) · American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.1152/ajpendo.1999.276.4.e628 · Cited by 616
Self-citationWitard, O. C., Jackman, S. R., Breen, L., Smith, K., Selby, A., & Tipton, K. D. (2014) · The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.3945/ajcn.112.055517 · Cited by 517
Self-citationBurd, N. A., West, D. W. D., Moore, D. R., Atherton, P. J., Staples, A. W., Prior, T., Tang, J. E., Rennie, M. J., Baker, S. K., & Phillips, S. M. (2011) · The Journal of Nutrition · doi:10.3945/jn.110.135038 · Cited by 325
Churchward‐Venne, T. A., Burd, N. A., Mitchell, C. J., West, D. W. D., Philp, A., Marcotte, G. R., Baker, S. K., Baar, K., & Phillips, S. M. (2012) · The Journal of Physiology · doi:10.1113/jphysiol.2012.228833 · Cited by 314
Increased Protein Intake Reduces Lean Body Mass Loss during Weight Loss in Athletes
METTLER, S., MITCHELL, N., & TIPTON, K. D. (2010) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1249/mss.0b013e3181b2ef8e · Cited by 288 · cited 1×
“The impact of increased protein intake during low-calorie dieting was investigated in resistance-trained male athletes who continued normal training during the mass loss period (Mettler et al., 2010).”
BackgroundSelf-citationSkeletal muscle adaptation: training twice every second day vs. training once daily
Hansen, A. K., Fischer, C. P., Plomgaard, P., Andersen, J. L., Saltin, B., & Pedersen, B. K. (2005) · Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00163.2004 · Cited by 286
Yeo, W. K., Paton, C. D., Garnham, A. P., Burke, L. M., Carey, A. L., & Hawley, J. A. (2008) · Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.90882.2008 · Cited by 283
Optimizing strength training for running and cycling endurance performance: A review
Rønnestad, B. R., & Mujika, I. (2014) · Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports · doi:10.1111/sms.12104 · Cited by 273
Self-citation
Cited by
Periodized Nutrition for Athletes
Jeukendrup, A. E. (2017) · Sports Medicine · doi:10.1007/s40279-017-0694-2 · Cited by 299
Heydenreich, J., Kayser, B., Schutz, Y., & Melzer, K. (2017) · Sports Medicine - Open · doi:10.1186/s40798-017-0076-1 · Cited by 177
Santos de Souza, M., Zaleski Trindade, C. D., Castro, F. A. D. S., Buss, C., & Schneider, C. D. (2025) · Nutrition and Health · doi:10.1177/02601060241276918 · Cited by 2
Metadata
- Authors
- Mujika, I., Stellingwerff, T., & Tipton, K.
- Venue
- International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism
- Publisher
- Human Kinetics
- Published
- 2014-08
- Volume
- 24
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 414-424
- ISSN
- 1526-484X
- 1543-2742
- Cited by
- 28
- References
- 21
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
