Ingested protein dose response of muscle and albumin protein synthesis after resistance exercise in young men
Open accessAbstract
Background The anabolic effect of resistance exercise is enhanced by the provision of dietary protein.Objectives We aimed to determine the ingested protein dose response of muscle (MPS) and albumin protein synthesis (APS) after resistance exercise. In addition, we measured the phosphorylation of candidate signaling proteins thought to regulate acute changes in MPS.Design Six healthy young men reported to the laboratory on 5 separate occasions to perform an intense bout of leg-based resistance exercise. After exercise, participants consumed, in a randomized order, drinks containing 0, 5, 10, 20, or 40 g whole egg protein. Protein synthesis and whole-body leucine oxidation were measured over 4 h after exercise by a primed constant infusion of [1-(13)C]leucine.Results MPS displayed a dose response to dietary protein ingestion and was maximally stimulated at 20 g. The phosphorylation of ribosomal protein S6 kinase (Thr(389)), ribosomal protein S6 (Ser(240/244)), and the epsilon-subunit of eukaryotic initiation factor 2B (Ser(539)) were unaffected by protein ingestion. APS increased in a dose-dependent manner and also reached a plateau at 20 g ingested protein. Leucine oxidation was significantly increased after 20 and 40 g protein were ingested.Conclusions Ingestion of 20 g intact protein is sufficient to maximally stimulate MPS and APS after resistance exercise. Phosphorylation of candidate signaling proteins was not enhanced with any dose of protein ingested, which suggested that the stimulation of MPS after resistance exercise may be related to amino acid availability. Finally, dietary protein consumed after exercise in excess of the rate at which it can be incorporated into tissue protein stimulates irreversible oxidation.
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The optimal dose of protein for post-exercise recovery is 20-40 g of high-quality protein consumed after exercise, which maximizes MPS rates for several hours (3-4 h), with the exact dose dependent on muscle mass involved during exercise.
“research suggesting that 20–40 g of high-quality protein consumed after exercise maximizes MPS rates for several hours (i.e., 3–4 h), the exact dose dependent on muscle mass involved during exercise [56–58]”
From Nutritional Strategies to Improve Post-exercise Recovery and Subsequent Exercise Performance: A Narrative Review (2025) · cites this paper as [58]
The Abstract and Discussion report that 20 g of high-quality protein maximized muscle protein synthesis after leg-based resistance exercise in six young men; the study measured synthesis over four hours. They do not establish that the optimal dose varies with the muscle mass exercised, and the Results found no greater response to 40 g than to 20 g. (LLM, conf=0.88)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredProtein consumption directly after resistance exercise is an effective way to acutely promote a positive muscle protein balance.
“It is widely reported that protein consumption directly after resistance exercise is an effective way to acutely promote a positive muscle protein balance [31, 55, 67], which if repeated over time should translate into a net gain or hypertrophy of muscle [68].”
From International Society of Sports Nutrition Position Stand: protein and exercise (2017) · cites this paper as [31]
The Discussion reports that protein ingested immediately after resistance exercise stimulated muscle protein synthesis, supporting an acute anabolic effect. The Calculations and results describe synthesis rates, not muscle protein breakdown or net balance, so the paper does not establish that muscle protein balance became positive. (LLM, conf=0.84)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredA protein dose of 20-40 g of protein (10-12 g of EAAs, 1-3 g of leucine) stimulates MPS, which can help to promote a positive nitrogen balance.
“A protein dose of 20–40 g of protein (10–12 g of EAAs, 1–3 g of leucine) stimulates MPS, which can help to promote a positive nitrogen balance.”
From International Society of Sports Nutrition Position Stand: protein and exercise (2017) · cites this paper as [31]
The Discussion reports that muscle protein synthesis after resistance exercise reached maximal stimulation at 20 g of high-quality protein; the study also tested 40 g. It gives approximately 8.6 g of EAAs for the 20-g dose, not the claimed 10–12 g, and the Infusion protocol lists leucine content rather than establishing the stated 1–3-g range for both doses. The paper does not report that these doses promote a positive nitrogen balance. Page numbers are unavailable in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.88)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredMuscle and albumin protein synthesis was optimized at approximately 20 g of egg protein at rest.
“Moore [31] found that muscle and albumin protein synthesis was optimized at approximately 20 g of egg protein at rest.”
From International Society of Sports Nutrition Position Stand: protein and exercise (2017) · cites this paper as [31]
The Results report that mixed-muscle and plasma albumin protein synthesis plateaued at 20 g of dietary protein. However, the Study design states that participants consumed the egg protein after intense leg resistance exercise, not at rest. The provided passages do not give page numbers. (LLM, conf=0.90)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe response of protein synthesis to leucine may occur in a dose-dependent fashion, plateauing at approximately two g at rest, and increasing up to 3.5 g when ingestion occurs after completion of a 60-min bout of moderate intensity cycling.
“this response may occur in a dose-dependent fashion, plateauing at approximately two g at rest [31, 157], and increasing up to 3.5 g when ingestion occurs after completion of a 60-min bout of moderate intensity cycling [159].”
From International Society of Sports Nutrition Position Stand: protein and exercise (2017) · cites this paper as [31]
The Discussion (page unavailable) reports a dose-dependent increase in protein synthesis after resistance exercise, plateauing at 20 g of ingested protein. The Study design describes resistance exercise and egg-protein drinks, not a 60-minute cycling bout or 3.5 g of leucine. The approximately 2 g at-rest claim is attached to other citations, not this source. (LLM, conf=0.86)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
Post-exercise protein ingestion stimulates muscle protein synthesis in a dose-dependent manner up to a moderate per-meal level.
“post-exercise protein ingestion stimulates synthesis in a dose-dependent manner up to a moderate per-meal level [160,161]”
From Ribosome Biogenesis as a Putative Bottleneck to Skeletal Muscle Hypertrophy: Mechanisms, Human Evidence, and Practical Modulators (2026) · cites this paper as [161]
A 40 g dose of egg protein exceeds an optimal dose.
“suggesting that this amount exceeds an optimal dose [31]”
From International Society of Sports Nutrition Position Stand: protein and exercise (2017) · cites this paper as [31]
Leucine oxidation rates increase following a 40 g dose of egg protein.
“Leucine oxidation rates were found to increase following the 40 g dose, suggesting that this amount exceeds an optimal dose [31].”
From International Society of Sports Nutrition Position Stand: protein and exercise (2017) · cites this paper as [31]
Egg protein has been demonstrated to significantly increase protein synthesis of both skeletal muscle and plasma proteins after resistance exercise at both 20 and 40 g doses.
“Egg protein may be particularly important for athletes, as this protein source has been demonstrated to significantly increase protein synthesis of both skeletal muscle and plasma proteins after resistance exercise at both 20 and 40 g doses.”
From International Society of Sports Nutrition Position Stand: protein and exercise (2017) · cites this paper as [31]
There is a dose-responsive relationship between protein intake and muscle protein synthesis.
“the observation of a dose-responsive relationship between protein intake and MPS82–85”
A more even distribution of protein intake across meals increased 24-h muscle protein synthesis in healthy adults compared with a skewed pattern.
“A more even distribution of protein intake across meals increased 24-h muscle protein synthesis in healthy adults compared with a skewed pattern”
From Ribosome Biogenesis as a Putative Bottleneck to Skeletal Muscle Hypertrophy: Mechanisms, Human Evidence, and Practical Modulators (2026) · cites this paper as [161]
The Results report muscle protein synthesis after individual protein doses following resistance exercise, not a 24-hour comparison of meal patterns. The Discussion speculates about consuming protein several times daily but does not report an even-versus-skewed distribution experiment. Searches for meal distribution and 24-hour muscle protein synthesis found no passage addressing the claimed comparison. (LLM, conf=0.76)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredApproximately 20 g of high quality protein in the fasted state is sufficient to saturate the protein synthetic response following resistance exercise in young men.
“we now know that ~20g of high quality protein in the fasted [105] or fed [106] state is sufficient to saturate the protein synthetic response following resistance exercise in young men.”
From New strategies in sport nutrition to increase exercise performance (2016) · cites this paper as [105]
Approximately 20 g of high quality protein following resistance exercise with a small amount of muscle mass (single leg training) is sufficient to maximally stimulate MPS in the trained leg.
“Several protein dose response studies have demonstrated that ~20g of high quality protein (egg white protein or whey protein) following resistance exercise with a small amount of muscle mass (single leg training) is sufficient to maximally stimulate MPS in the trained leg [105,106].”
From New strategies in sport nutrition to increase exercise performance (2016) · cites this paper as [105]
Although 20 g may be considered optimal for animal-based proteins, a higher dose may be needed for some nonanimal proteins.
“Therefore, although 20 g may be considered optimal for animal-based proteins (with larger doses resulting in a sharp increase in amino acid oxidation) [74,75], a higher dose may be needed for (some) nonanimal proteins.”
From Nutritional Considerations for the Vegan Athlete (2023) · cites this paper as [75]
The combination of resistance exercise and protein ingestion maximally stimulates rates of muscle protein synthesis and leads to increases in satellite cell activity and content in younger men.
“The combination of resistance exercise and protein ingestion is known to maximally stimulate rates of muscle protein synthesis (MPS) [100,101,102] and also lead to increases in satellite cell activity [103] and content in younger men [104].”
From Potential Roles of n-3 PUFAs during Skeletal Muscle Growth and Regeneration (2018) · cites this paper as [100]
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“Older individuals are anabolically resistant 74 and require higher per-meal protein doses to achieve similar rates of MPS, the primary variable regulating changes in skeletal muscle mass, 75 compared with younger participants.”
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“creased rates of MPS [31, 135, 136], Kim and colleagues [140] recently reported that a 70 g dose of protein promoted a more favorable net balance of protein when compared to a 40 g dose due to a stronger attenuation of rates of muscle protein breakdown.”
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Areta, J. L., Burke, L. M., Ross, M. L., Camera, D. M., West, D. W. D., Broad, E. M., Jeacocke, N. A., Moore, D. R., Stellingwerff, T., Phillips, S. M., et al. (2013) · The Journal of Physiology · doi:10.1113/jphysiol.2012.244897 · Cited by 495 · see citing works
Self-citationYang, Y., Breen, L., Burd, N. A., Hector, A. J., Churchward-Venne, T. A., Josse, A. R., Tarnopolsky, M. A., & Phillips, S. M. (2012) · British Journal of Nutrition · doi:10.1017/s0007114511007422 · Cited by 480 · see citing works
Self-citationThe role of protein in weight loss and maintenance
Leidy, H. J., Clifton, P. M., Astrup, A., Wycherley, T. P., Westerterp-Plantenga, M. S., Luscombe-Marsh, N. D., Woods, S. C., & Mattes, R. D. (2015) · The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.3945/ajcn.114.084038 · Cited by 475 · see citing works
Mujika, I., Halson, S., Burke, L. M., Balagué, G., & Farrow, D. (2018) · International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance · doi:10.1123/ijspp.2018-0093 · Cited by 464 · see citing works
Preserving Healthy Muscle during Weight Loss
Cava, E., Yeat, N. C., & Mittendorfer, B. (2017) · Advances in Nutrition · doi:10.3945/an.116.014506 · Cited by 452 · see citing works
Muscle protein synthesis in response to nutrition and exercise
Atherton, P. J., & Smith, K. (2012) · The Journal of Physiology · doi:10.1113/jphysiol.2011.225003 · Cited by 401 · see citing works
Protein "requirements" beyond the RDA: implications for optimizing health
Phillips, S. M., Chevalier, S., & Leidy, H. J. (2016) · Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism · doi:10.1139/apnm-2015-0550 · Cited by 396 · see citing works
Self-citationBreen, L., Stokes, K. A., Churchward-Venne, T. A., Moore, D. R., Baker, S. K., Smith, K., Atherton, P. J., & Phillips, S. M. (2013) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2013-1502 · Cited by 395 · see citing works
Self-citationAnabolic Resistance of Muscle Protein Synthesis with Aging
Burd, N. A., Gorissen, S. H., & van Loon, L. J. C. (2013) · Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews · doi:10.1097/jes.0b013e318292f3d5 · Cited by 384 · see citing works
Damas, F., Phillips, S. M., Libardi, C. A., Vechin, F. C., Lixandrão, M. E., Jannig, P. R., Costa, L. A. R., Bacurau, A. V., Snijders, T., Parise, G., et al. (2016) · The Journal of Physiology · doi:10.1113/jp272472 · Cited by 353 · see citing works
Self-citationBurd, N. A., Andrews, R. J., West, D. W. D., Little, J. P., Cochran, A. J. R., Hector, A. J., Cashaback, J. G. A., Gibala, M. J., Potvin, J. R., Baker, S. K., et al. (2011) · The Journal of Physiology · doi:10.1113/jphysiol.2011.221200 · Cited by 344 · see citing works
Self-citationSupplemental protein in support of muscle mass and health: advantage whey.
Devries, M., & Phillips, S. M. (2015) · Journal of Food Science · doi:10.1111/1750-3841.12802 · Cited by 318 · see citing works
Self-citationBurd, N. A., West, D. W. D., Moore, D. R., Atherton, P. J., Staples, A. W., Prior, T., Tang, J. E., Rennie, M. J., Baker, S. K., & Phillips, S. M. (2011) · The Journal of Nutrition · doi:10.3945/jn.110.135038 · Cited by 325 · see citing works
Self-citationMoore, D. R., Tang, J. E., Burd, N. A., Rerecich, T., Tarnopolsky, M. A., & Phillips, S. M. (2009) · The Journal of Physiology · doi:10.1113/jphysiol.2008.164087 · Cited by 322 · see citing works
Self-citationChurchward‐Venne, T. A., Burd, N. A., Mitchell, C. J., West, D. W. D., Philp, A., Marcotte, G. R., Baker, S. K., Baar, K., & Phillips, S. M. (2012) · The Journal of Physiology · doi:10.1113/jphysiol.2012.228833 · Cited by 314 · see citing works
Self-citationPasiakos, S. M., Cao, J. J., Margolis, L. M., Sauter, E. R., Whigham, L. D., McClung, J. P., Rood, J. C., Carbone, J. W., Combs, G. F., & Young, A. J. (2013) · The FASEB Journal · doi:10.1096/fj.13-230227 · Cited by 312 · see citing works
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Self-citationPennings, B., Koopman, R., Beelen, M., Senden, J. M., Saris, W. H., & van Loon, L. J. (2011) · The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.3945/ajcn.2010.29649 · Cited by 311 · see citing works
Tieland, M., Borgonjen-Van den Berg, K. J., van Loon, L. J. C., & de Groot, L. C. P. G. M. (2012) · European Journal of Nutrition · doi:10.1007/s00394-011-0203-6 · Cited by 297 · see citing works
Churchward-Venne, T. A., Breen, L., Di Donato, D. M., Hector, A. J., Mitchell, C. J., Moore, D. R., Stellingwerff, T., Breuille, D., Offord, E. A., Baker, S. K., et al. (2014) · The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.3945/ajcn.113.068775 · Cited by 290 · see citing works
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Self-citationYang, Y., Churchward-Venne, T. A., Burd, N. A., Breen, L., Tarnopolsky, M. A., & Phillips, S. M. (2012) · Nutrition & Metabolism · doi:10.1186/1743-7075-9-57 · Cited by 286 · see citing works
Self-citationHuman muscle protein synthesis and breakdown during and after exercise
Kumar, V., Atherton, P. J., Smith, K., & Rennie, M. J. (2009) · Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.91481.2008 · Cited by 285 · see citing works
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A Brief Review of Critical Processes in Exercise-Induced Muscular Hypertrophy
Phillips, S. M. (2014) · Sports Medicine · doi:10.1007/s40279-014-0152-3 · Cited by 281 · see citing works
Self-citationBurd, N. A., Yang, Y., Moore, D. R., Tang, J. E., Tarnopolsky, M. A., & Phillips, S. M. (2012) · British Journal of Nutrition · doi:10.1017/s0007114511006271 · Cited by 276 · see citing works
Self-citationHelms, E. R., Aragon, A. A., & Fitschen, P. J. (2014) · Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition · doi:10.1186/1550-2783-11-20 · Cited by 266 · see citing works
West, D. W., Burd, N. A., Coffey, V. G., Baker, S. K., Burke, L. M., Hawley, J. A., Moore, D. R., Stellingwerff, T., & Phillips, S. M. (2011) · The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.3945/ajcn.111.013722 · Cited by 264 · see citing works
Self-citationStokes, T., Hector, A., Morton, R., McGlory, C., & Phillips, S. (2018) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu10020180 · Cited by 263 · see citing works
Self-citationPhillips, S. M., Tang, J. E., & Moore, D. R. (2009) · Journal of the American College of Nutrition · doi:10.1080/07315724.2009.10718096 · Cited by 243 · see citing works
Self-citationCreatine supplementation during resistance training in older adults - a meta-analysis
DEVRIES, M. C., & PHILLIPS, S. M. (2014) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1249/mss.0000000000000220 · Cited by 239 · see citing works
Self-citationHulmi, J. J., Lockwood, C. M., & Stout, J. R. (2010) · Nutrition & Metabolism · doi:10.1186/1743-7075-7-51 · Cited by 238 · see citing works
Role of nutrition in performance enhancement and postexercise recovery
Beck, K. L., Thomson, J. S., Swift, R. J., & von Hurst, P. R. (2015) · Open Access Journal of Sports Medicine · doi:10.2147/oajsm.s33605 · Cited by 237 · see citing works
Nutritional interventions to augment resistance training-induced skeletal muscle hypertrophy
Morton, R. W., McGlory, C., & Phillips, S. M. (2015) · Frontiers in Physiology · doi:10.3389/fphys.2015.00245 · Cited by 234 · see citing works
Self-citationNutritional Strategies to Promote Postexercise Recovery
Beelen, M., Burke, L. M., Gibala, M. J., & van Loon, L. J. C. (2010) · International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism · doi:10.1123/ijsnem.20.6.515 · Cited by 233 · see citing works
Traylor, D. A., Gorissen, S., & Phillips, S. M. (2018) · Advances in Nutrition · doi:10.1093/advances/nmy003 · Cited by 208 · see citing works
Self-citationNutritional strategies to attenuate muscle disuse atrophy
Wall, B. T., & van Loon, L. J. (2013) · Nutrition Reviews · doi:10.1111/nure.12019 · Cited by 228 · see citing works
Areta, J. L., Burke, L. M., Camera, D. M., West, D. W. D., Crawshay, S., Moore, D. R., Stellingwerff, T., Phillips, S. M., Hawley, J. A., & Coffey, V. G. (2014) · American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.1152/ajpendo.00590.2013 · Cited by 227 · see citing works
Self-citationProtein Ingestion before Sleep Improves Postexercise Overnight Recovery
RES, P. T., GROEN, B., PENNINGS, B., BEELEN, M., WALLIS, G. A., GIJSEN, A. P., SENDEN, J. M. G., & VAN LOON, L. J. C. (2012) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1249/mss.0b013e31824cc363 · Cited by 226 · see citing works
New strategies in sport nutrition to increase exercise performance
Close, G. L., Hamilton, D. L., Philp, A., Burke, L. M., & Morton, J. P. (2016) · Free Radical Biology and Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2016.01.016 · Cited by 221 · see citing works
Gorissen, S. H., Horstman, A. M., Franssen, R., Crombag, J. J., Langer, H., Bierau, J., Respondek, F., & van Loon, L. J. (2016) · The Journal of Nutrition · doi:10.3945/jn.116.231340 · Cited by 221 · see citing works
Pre‐operative nutrition and the elective surgical patient: why, how and what?
Gillis, C., & Wischmeyer, P. (2019) · Anaesthesia · doi:10.1111/anae.14506 · Cited by 187 · see citing works
Dietary Protein and Muscle Mass: Translating Science to Application and Health Benefit
Carbone, J. W., & Pasiakos, S. M. (2019) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu11051136 · Cited by 210 · see citing works
Chalé, A., Cloutier, G. J., Hau, C., Phillips, E. M., Dallal, G. E., & Fielding, R. A. (2013) · The Journals of Gerontology: Series A · doi:10.1093/gerona/gls221 · Cited by 208 · see citing works
Loenneke, J. P., Loprinzi, P. D., Murphy, C. H., & Phillips, S. M. (2016) · Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1016/j.clnu.2016.04.002 · Cited by 208 · see citing works
Self-citationNutritional modulation of training-induced skeletal muscle adaptations
Hawley, J. A., Burke, L. M., Phillips, S. M., & Spriet, L. L. (2011) · Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00949.2010 · Cited by 205 · see citing works
Self-citationPasiakos, S. M., McLellan, T. M., & Lieberman, H. R. (2015) · Sports Medicine · doi:10.1007/s40279-014-0242-2 · Cited by 202 · see citing works
Slater, G., & Phillips, S. M. (2011) · Journal of Sports Sciences · doi:10.1080/02640414.2011.574722 · Cited by 202 · see citing works
Self-citationSharples, A. P., Hughes, D. C., Deane, C. S., Saini, A. S., Selman, C., & Stewart, C. E. (2015) · Aging Cell · doi:10.1111/acel.12342 · Cited by 200 · see citing works
Dietary protein requirements and adaptive advantages in athletes
Phillips, S. M. (2012) · British Journal Of Nutrition · doi:10.1017/s0007114512002516 · Cited by 199 · see citing works
Self-citationGlynn, E. L., Fry, C. S., Drummond, M. J., Timmerman, K. L., Dhanani, S., Volpi, E., & Rasmussen, B. B. (2010) · The Journal of Nutrition · doi:10.3945/jn.110.127647 · Cited by 194 · see citing works
Skeletal muscle homeostasis and plasticity in youth and ageing: impact of nutrition and exercise
Brook, M. S., Wilkinson, D. J., Phillips, B. E., Pérez‐Schindler, J., Philp, A., Smith, K., & Atherton, P. J. (2015) · Acta Physiologica · doi:10.1111/apha.12532 · Cited by 193 · see citing works
Macnaughton, L. S., Wardle, S. L., Witard, O. C., McGlory, C., Hamilton, D. L., Jeromson, S., Lawrence, C. E., Wallis, G. A., & Tipton, K. D. (2016) · Physiological Reports · doi:10.14814/phy2.12893 · Cited by 191 · see citing works
Reitelseder, S., Agergaard, J., Doessing, S., Helmark, I. C., Lund, P., Kristensen, N. B., Frystyk, J., Flyvbjerg, A., Schjerling, P., van Hall, G., et al. (2011) · American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.1152/ajpendo.00513.2010 · Cited by 190 · see citing works
Churchward-Venne, T. A., Burd, N. A., & Phillips, S. M. (2012) · Nutrition & Metabolism · doi:10.1186/1743-7075-9-40 · Cited by 186 · see citing works
Self-citationChurch, D. D., Hirsch, K. R., Park, S., Kim, I., Gwin, J. A., Pasiakos, S. M., Wolfe, R. R., & Ferrando, A. A. (2020) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu12123717 · Cited by 185 · see citing works
Whey protein supplementation during resistance training augments lean body mass
Volek, J. S., Volk, B. M., Gómez, A. L., Kunces, L. J., Kupchak, B. R., Freidenreich, D. J., Aristizabal, J. C., Saenz, C., Dunn-Lewis, C., Ballard, K. D., et al. (2013) · Journal of the American College of Nutrition · doi:10.1080/07315724.2013.793580 · Cited by 181 · see citing works
Strategies to Prevent Sarcopenia in the Aging Process: Role of Protein Intake and Exercise
Rogeri, P. S., Zanella, R., Martins, G. L., Garcia, M. D. A., Leite, G., Lugaresi, R., Gasparini, S. O., Sperandio, G. A., Ferreira, L. H. B., Souza-Junior, T. P., et al. (2021) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu14010052 · Cited by 181 · see citing works
Body Composition and Strength Changes in Women with Milk and Resistance Exercise
JOSSE, A. R., TANG, J. E., TARNOPOLSKY, M. A., & PHILLIPS, S. M. (2010) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1249/mss.0b013e3181c854f6 · Cited by 181 · see citing works
Self-citationJoy, J. M., Lowery, R. P., Wilson, J. M., Purpura, M., De Souza, E. O., Wilson, S. M., Kalman, D. S., Dudeck, J. E., & Jäger, R. (2013) · Nutrition Journal · doi:10.1186/1475-2891-12-86 · Cited by 179 · see citing works
Protein blend ingestion following resistance exercise promotes human muscle protein synthesis
Reidy, P. T., Walker, D. K., Dickinson, J. M., Gundermann, D. M., Drummond, M. J., Timmerman, K. L., Fry, C. S., Borack, M. S., Cope, M. B., Mukherjea, R., et al. (2013) · The Journal of Nutrition · doi:10.3945/jn.112.168021 · Cited by 178 · see citing works
The Health Benefits of Egg Protein
Puglisi, M., & Fernández, M. (2022) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu14142904 · Cited by 157 · see citing works
Snijders, T., Res, P. T., Smeets, J. S., van Vliet, S., van Kranenburg, J., Maase, K., Kies, A. K., Verdijk, L. B., & van Loon, L. J. (2015) · The Journal of Nutrition · doi:10.3945/jn.114.208371 · Cited by 175 · see citing works
Kim, I.-Y., Schutzler, S., Schrader, A., Spencer, H., Kortebein, P., Deutz, N. E. P., Wolfe, R. R., & Ferrando, A. A. (2015) · American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.1152/ajpendo.00382.2014 · Cited by 171 · see citing works
The anabolic response to plant-based protein ingestion
Pinckaers, P. J. M., Trommelen, J., Snijders, T., & van Loon, L. J. C. (2021) · Sports Medicine · doi:10.1007/s40279-021-01540-8 · Cited by 170 · see citing works
The impact of protein quality on the promotion of resistance exercise-induced changes in muscle mass
Phillips, S. M. (2016) · Nutrition & Metabolism · doi:10.1186/s12986-016-0124-8 · Cited by 168 · see citing works
Self-citationPennings, B., Groen, B. B., van Dijk, J.-W., de Lange, A., Kiskini, A., Kuklinski, M., Senden, J. M., & van Loon, L. J. (2013) · The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.3945/ajcn.112.051201 · Cited by 167 · see citing works
Carbohydrate Does Not Augment Exercise-Induced Protein Accretion versus Protein Alone
STAPLES, A. W., BURD, N. A., WEST, D. W. D., CURRIE, K. D., ATHERTON, P. J., MOORE, D. R., RENNIE, M. J., MACDONALD, M. J., BAKER, S. K., & PHILLIPS, S. M. (2011) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1249/mss.0b013e31820751cb · Cited by 162 · see citing works
Self-citationStellingwerff, T., Maughan, R. J., & Burke, L. M. (2011) · Journal of Sports Sciences · doi:10.1080/02640414.2011.589469 · Cited by 161 · see citing works
Wall, B. T., Dirks, M. L., Snijders, T., van Dijk, J., Fritsch, M., Verdijk, L. B., & van Loon, L. J. C. (2015) · American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.1152/ajpendo.00227.2015 · Cited by 160 · see citing works
Moreno-Pérez, D., Bressa, C., Bailén, M., Hamed-Bousdar, S., Naclerio, F., Carmona, M., Pérez, M., González-Soltero, R., Montalvo-Lominchar, M., Carabaña, C., et al. (2018) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu10030337 · Cited by 158 · see citing works
Heaton, L. E., Davis, J. K., Rawson, E. S., Nuccio, R. P., Witard, O. C., Stein, K. W., Baar, K., Carter, J. M., & Baker, L. B. (2017) · Sports Medicine · doi:10.1007/s40279-017-0759-2 · Cited by 158 · see citing works
Bioactive Egg Components and Inflammation
Andersen, C. J. (2015) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu7095372 · Cited by 150 · see citing works
Nutritional Support for Exercise-Induced Injuries
Tipton, K. D. (2015) · Sports Medicine · doi:10.1007/s40279-015-0398-4 · Cited by 147 · see citing works
Protein Intake and Frailty: A Matter of Quantity, Quality, and Timing
Coelho‐Júnior, H. J., Marzetti, E., Picca, A., Cesari, M., Uchida, M. C., & Calvani, R. (2020) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu12102915 · Cited by 145 · see citing works
Nutritional Supplements in Support of Resistance Exercise to Counter Age-Related Sarcopenia
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Self-citationSex-based comparisons of myofibrillar protein synthesis after resistance exercise in the fed state
West, D. W. D., Burd, N. A., Churchward-Venne, T. A., Camera, D. M., Mitchell, C. J., Baker, S. K., Hawley, J. A., Coffey, V. G., & Phillips, S. M. (2012) · Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00170.2012 · Cited by 143 · see citing works
Self-citationvan Vliet, S., Shy, E. L., Abou Sawan, S., Beals, J. W., West, D. W., Skinner, S. K., Ulanov, A. V., Li, Z., Paluska, S. A., Parsons, C. M., et al. (2017) · The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.3945/ajcn.117.159855 · Cited by 141 · see citing works
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Nutrient timing revisited: is there a post-exercise anabolic window?
Aragon, A. A., & Schoenfeld, B. J. (2013) · Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition · doi:10.1186/1550-2783-10-5 · Cited by 139 · see citing works
Beyond muscle hypertrophy: why dietary protein is important for endurance athletes
Moore, D. R., Camera, D. M., Areta, J. L., & Hawley, J. A. (2014) · Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism · doi:10.1139/apnm-2013-0591 · Cited by 138 · see citing works
Self-citationMcGlory, C., Devries, M. C., & Phillips, S. M. (2017) · Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00613.2016 · Cited by 135 · see citing works
Self-citationExercise and nutritional interventions for improving aging muscle health
Forbes, S. C., Little, J. P., & Candow, D. G. (2012) · Endocrine · doi:10.1007/s12020-012-9676-1 · Cited by 133 · see citing works
Protein Considerations for Optimising Skeletal Muscle Mass in Healthy Young and Older Adults
Witard, O., Wardle, S., Macnaughton, L., Hodgson, A., & Tipton, K. (2016) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu8040181 · Cited by 132 · see citing works
- Authors
- Moore, D. R., Robinson, M. J., Fry, J. L., Tang, J. E., Glover, E. I., Wilkinson, S. B., Prior, T., Tarnopolsky, M. A., & Phillips, S. M.
- Affiliations
- McMaster University (CA)
- Corresponding author
- Phillips, Stuart M
- Venue
- The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2009-01
- Volume
- 89
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 161-168
- ISSN
- 0002-9165 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2146458354
- Cited by
- 973
- References
- 50
- Citations by year
- 2026: 55 · 2025: 39 · 2024: 46 · 2023: 44 · 2022: 42 · 2021: 64 · 2020: 60 · 2019: 63 · 2018: 64 · 2017: 66 · 2016: 70 · 2015: 65 · 2014: 60 · 2013: 72 · 2012: 61
- FWCI
- 14.32
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- American Journal of Clinical Nutrition (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Loughborough University Institutional Repository (Loughborough University) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- Loughborough University Research Repository (Loughborough University) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- Funders
- McMaster University
- Canadian Institutes of Health Research
- Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cell Biology › Muscle metabolism and nutrition
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Orthopedics and Sports Medicine › Sports Performance and Training
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Muscle Physiology and Disorders
- Keywords
- muscle protein synthesis, resistance training, whole egg protein, leucine oxidation, S6K, ribosomal protein S6, eIF2B, amino acid availability
- MeSH terms
- Carbon Isotopes, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Humans, Leucine, Male, Muscle Proteins, Oxidation-Reduction, Phosphorylation, Serum Albumin, Weight Lifting, Egg Proteins, Dietary, Muscle, Skeletal, Cross-Over Studies, Young Adult
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