The DOI matches its Crossref record; 9 of the 9 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Daily Distribution of Carbohydrate, Protein and Fat Intake in Elite Youth Academy Soccer Players Over a 7-Day Training Period
Abstract
While traditional approaches to dietary analysis in athletes have focused on total daily energy and macronutrient intake, it is now thought that daily distribution of these parameters can also influence training adaptations. Using 7-day food diaries, we quantified the total daily macronutrient intake and distribution in elite youth soccer players from the English Premier League in U18 (n = 13), U15/16 (n = 25) and U13/14 squads (n = 21). Total energy (43.1 ± 10.3, 32.6 ± 7.9, 28.1 ± 6.8 kcal·kg-1·day-1), CHO (6 ± 1.2, 4.7 ± 1.4, 3.2 ± 1.3 g·kg- 1·day-1) and fat (1.3 ± 0.5, 0.9 ± 0.3, 0.9 ± 0.3 g·kg-1·day-1) intake exhibited hierarchical differences (p < .05) such that U13/14 > U15/16 > U18. In addition, CHO intake in U18s was lower (p < .05) at breakfast, dinner and snacks when compared with both squads but no differences were apparent at lunch. Furthermore, the U15/16s reported lower relative daily protein intake than the U13/14s and U18s (1.6 ± 0.3 vs. 2.2 ± 0.5, 2.0 ± 0.3 g·kg-1). A skewed distribution (p < .05) of daily protein intake was observed in all squads, with a hierarchical order of dinner (~0.6 g·kg-1) > lunch (~0.5 g·kg-1) > breakfast (~0.3 g·kg-1). We conclude elite youth soccer players do not meet current CHO guidelines. Although daily protein targets are achieved, we report a skewed daily distribution in all ages such that dinner > lunch > breakfast. Our data suggest that dietary advice for elite youth players should focus on both total daily macronutrient intake and optimal daily distribution patterns.
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“Carbohydrate intake among youth team sport athletes ranged from 3.6 to 8.3 g/kg/day across studies and was frequently below recommended levels, particularly on match days and during intensive training [11,34,62,69].”
From Dietary intake, nutrition knowledge, and behavior in youth team sport athletes: a scoping review and call to advance research and practice (2026) · cites this paper as [62]
In the citing paper
“Carbohydrate intake among youth team sport athletes ranged from 3.6 to 8.3 g/kg/day across studies and was frequently below recommended levels, particularly on match days and during intensive training [11,34,62,69].”
From Dietary intake, nutrition knowledge, and behavior in youth team sport athletes: a scoping review and call to advance research and practice (2026) · cites this paper as [62]
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Citations
Cites
Dietary protein for athletes: From requirements to optimum adaptation
Phillips, S. M., & Van Loon, L. J. C. (2011) · Journal of Sports Sciences · doi:10.1080/02640414.2011.619204 · Cited by 530
Dietary protein distribution positively influences 24-h muscle protein synthesis in healthy adults
Mamerow, M. M., Mettler, J. A., English, K. L., Casperson, S. L., Arentson-Lantz, E., Sheffield-Moore, M., Layman, D. K., & Paddon-Jones, D. (2014) · The Journal of Nutrition · doi:10.3945/jn.113.185280 · Cited by 438
A Step Towards Personalized Sports Nutrition: Carbohydrate Intake During Exercise
Jeukendrup, A. (2014) · Sports Medicine · doi:10.1007/s40279-014-0148-z · Cited by 412
Timing of food intake and obesity: a novel association
Garaulet, M., & Gómez-Abellán, P. (2014) · Physiology & Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2014.01.001 · Cited by 362
Carbohydrate availability and exercise training adaptation: Too much of a good thing?
Bartlett, J. D., Hawley, J. A., & Morton, J. P. (2015) · European Journal of Sport Science · doi:10.1080/17461391.2014.920926 · Cited by 230
Self-citationBartlett, J. D., Louhelainen, J., Iqbal, Z., Cochran, A. J., Gibala, M. J., Gregson, W., Close, G. L., Drust, B., & Morton, J. P. (2013) · American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpregu.00498.2012 · Cited by 147
Self-citationElite Athlete Immunology: Importance of Nutrition
Gleeson, M., & Bishop (2000) · International Journal of Sports Medicine · doi:10.1055/s-2000-1451 · Cited by 85
Physiological links between circadian rhythms, metabolism and nutrition
Johnston, J. D. (2014) · Experimental Physiology · doi:10.1113/expphysiol.2014.078295 · Cited by 59
Considerations for protein intake in managing weight loss in athletes
Murphy, C. H., Hector, A. J., & Phillips, S. M. (2015) · European Journal of Sport Science · doi:10.1080/17461391.2014.936325 · Cited by 52
Cited by
Collins, J., Maughan, R. J., Gleeson, M., Bilsborough, J., Jeukendrup, A., Morton, J. P., Phillips, S. M., Armstrong, L., Burke, L. M., Close, G. L., et al. (2021) · British Journal of Sports Medicine · doi:10.1136/bjsports-2019-101961 · Cited by 303
Self-citationSelf-reported periodization of nutrition in elite female and male runners and race walkers
Heikura, I. A., Stellingwerff, T., & Burke, L. M. (2018) · Frontiers in Physiology · doi:10.3389/fphys.2018.01732 · Cited by 40
Irwin, N., Ó Catháin, C., Ward, C., & Kelly, D. T. (2026) · Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition · doi:10.1080/15502783.2026.2671431 · Cited by 4
Metadata
- Authors
- Naughton, R. J., Drust, B., O’Boyle, A., Morgans, R., Abayomi, J., Davies, I. G., Morton, J. P., & Mahon, E.
- Venue
- International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism
- Publisher
- Human Kinetics
- Published
- 2016-10
- Volume
- 26
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 473-480
- ISSN
- 1526-484X
- 1543-2742
- Cited by
- 41
- References
- 9
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