Water-Based Aerobic and Resistance Training as A Treatment to Improve the Lipid Profile of Women With Dyslipidemia: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Abstract
Background: Regular exercise is recommended for the treatment of dyslipidemia. The aquatic environment presents some beneficial characteristics for patients suffering from dyslipidemia. However, it is unknown which modality promotes better results. This study aims to compare the effects of water-based aerobic training (WA) and water-based resistance training (WR) on lipid profile of dyslipidemic elderly women. Methods: Sixty-nine dyslipidemic elderly women participated in this 3-arm randomized controlled clinical trial with groups in parallel. The interventions were WA, WR, and control group, with 2 weekly sessions for 10 weeks. Total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels, and TC/HDL ratio, were determined before and after interventions. Results: Intention-to-treat analysis showed that WA and WR participants obtained similar decreases in TC (−10.0% and −9.6%, respectively), triglycerides (−13.4% and −15.7%, respectively), low-density lipoprotein (−16.1% and −16.9%, respectively), TC/HDL (−16.9% and −23.4%, respectively) and increases in HDL (7.6% and 16.9%, respectively). The control group maintained their TC and low-density lipoprotein levels unchanged, whereas triglycerides and TC/HDL were increased (3.6% and 11.3%, respectively), and HDL decreases 4.8%. Conclusions: WA and WR improve similarly the lipid profile of dyslipidemic elderly women, representing interesting nonpharmacological tools in the treatment of dyslipidemia.
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Aquatic-based resistance exercises have shown promising results in improving strength and muscle mass in older individuals and metabolic health in patients with non-communicable diseases.
“In such clinical conditions, aquatic-based resistance exercises could also be a low-impact exercise alternative as they have shown promising results in improving strength and muscle mass in older individuals [141,142], as well as metabolic health in patients with non-communicable diseases [143,144].”
From Global consensus on optimal exercise recommendations for enhancing healthy longevity in older adults (ICFSR) (2025) · cites this paper as [144]
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Izquierdo, M., de Souto Barreto, P., Arai, H., Bischoff-Ferrari, H. A., Cadore, E. L., Cesari, M., Chen, L.-K., Coen, P. M., Courneya, K. S., Duque, G., et al. (2025) · The Journal of nutrition, health and aging · doi:10.1016/j.jnha.2024.100401 · Cited by 273 · see citing works
- Authors
- Costa, R. R., Buttelli, A. C. K., Coconcelli, L., Pereira, L. F., Vieira, A. F., Fagundes, A. D. O., Farinha, J. B., Reichert, T., Stein, R., & Kruel, L. F. M.
- ORCID
- Venue
- Journal of Physical Activity and Health
- Publisher
- Human Kinetics
- Published
- 2019-05
- Volume
- 16
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 348-354
- ISSN
- 1543-3080 (ISSN-L)
- 1543-5474
- OpenAlex
- W2935705474
- Cited by
- 16
- References
- 43
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 1
- FWCI
- 1.93
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Physical Activity and Health (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Complementary and alternative medicine › Cardiovascular and exercise physiology
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Lipoproteins and Cardiovascular Health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Physical Activity and Health
- Keywords
- aquatic exercise, dyslipidemia, lipid profile, older women, total cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, TC/HDL-C ratio, non-pharmacological treatment
- MeSH terms
- Aged, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Swimming, Exercise, Dyslipidemias, Resistance Training
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