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Cited by 23Physical Activity and HealthCardiovascular and exercise physiologyObesity, Physical Activity, Diet

Step-Defined Physical Activity and Cardiovascular Risk Among Middle-Aged Japanese: The National Health and Nutrition Survey of Japan 2006

Inoue, Shigeru, Ohya, Yumiko, Tudor-Locke, Catrine, Yoshiike, Nobuo, Shimomitsu, Teruichi·2012·Journal of Physical Activity and Health
DOI 10.1123/jpah.9.8.1117
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Abstract

Background: Pedometers are becoming widely accepted for physical activity measurement. To use step data effectively, an index which categorizes steps/day by < 5000, ≥ 5000, ≥ 7500, ≥ 10,000, and ≥ 12,500 steps/day has been previously proposed. However, evidence is insufficient to validate this index compared with health outcomes. This study examined the association of steps/day categories with cardiovascular (CVD) risk. Methods: Cross-sectional data from the National Health and Nutrition Survey of Japan 2006, including 1166 men and 1453 women aged 40–64 years, were analyzed to calculate odds ratios (OR) for having CVD risk including overweight/obesity, blood pressure, high density lipoprotein cholesterol, hemoglobin A1c, and clustered risk factors by steps/day categories. Results: Among men, inverse gradient associations between steps/day categories and CVD risk (overweight/obesity, blood pressure, HbA1c, and clustered risk factors) were observed. Among women, those taking ≥ 5000 steps/day had substantially lower risk of overweight/obesity and high blood pressure compared with those taking < 5000 steps/day. However, additional decreases of OR by taking more steps were modest among women. Conclusions: CVD risk was generally lower with higher steps/day categories. Given the limitations of cross-sectional design, further studies, especially using longitudinal designs, are needed to precisely calibrate the association between steps/day and CVD risk.

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  • Inoue et al. examined 1166 men and 1453 women (40-64 years of age) in the National Health and Nutrition Survey of Japan, 2006, using a Yamasa AS-200 pedometer worn during all waking hours for a single day except when bathing and showering.

    “Inoue et al. [43] examined 1166 men and 1453 women (40–64 years of age) in the National Health and Nutrition Survey of Japan, 2006. They used a Yamasa (Yamax) AS-200 pedometer which participants were instructed to wear during all waking hours for a single day, except when bathing and showering.”

    From Step Counting: A Review of Measurement Considerations and Health-Related Applications (2017) · cites this paper as [43]

  • In men, inverse associations were noted between steps per day and cardiometabolic risk factors.

    “In men, inverse associations were noted between steps per day and cardiometabolic risk factors.”

    From Step Counting: A Review of Measurement Considerations and Health-Related Applications (2017) · cites this paper as [43]

  • In women, those taking ≥5000 steps per day had substantially lower likelihood of overweight obesity and hypertension than women taking fewer steps; further increases in steps/day were only accompanied by modest decreases in odds ratios.

    “In women, those taking ≥5000 steps per day had substantially lower likelihood of overweight obesity and hypertension than women taking fewer steps; however, further increases in steps/day were only accompanied by modest decreases in odds ratios.”

    From Step Counting: A Review of Measurement Considerations and Health-Related Applications (2017) · cites this paper as [43]

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Authors
Inoue, S., Ohya, Y., Tudor-Locke, C., Yoshiike, N., & Shimomitsu, T.
Affiliations
Tokyo Medical University (JP)
ORCID
Venue
Journal of Physical Activity and Health
Publisher
Human Kinetics
Published
2012-11
Volume
9
Issue
8
Pages
1117-1124
ISSN
  • 1543-3080 (ISSN-L)
  • 1543-5474
DOI
10.1123/jpah.9.8.1117
OpenAlex
W2103480493
Cited by
23
References
15
Citations by year
2026: 1 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 2 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 1 · 2018: 1 · 2017: 2 · 2016: 2 · 2014: 1 · 2013: 3 · 2012: 1
FWCI
1.07
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • Journal of Physical Activity and Health (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Physical Activity and Health
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Complementary and alternative medicine › Cardiovascular and exercise physiology
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Obesity, Physical Activity, Diet
Keywords
step count, physical activity, cardiovascular risk, pedometers, middle-aged adults, overweight and obesity, blood pressure, sex differences, Japanese adults
MeSH terms
Adult, Cardiovascular Diseases, Cross-Sectional Studies, Female, Health Surveys, Humans, Japan, Male, Middle Aged, Risk Factors, Exercise, Odds Ratio, Risk Assessment, Actigraphy

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