The DOI matches its Crossref record; 16 of the 17 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Expectations and Performance: An Empirical Test of Bandura's Self-efficacy Theory
Abstract
The present investigation was designed to test the predictions of Bandura's (1977) theory of self-efficacy in a competitive, motor-performance situation. Subjects (30 males and 30 females) were randomly assigned to either a high or low self-efficacy condition in a 2 × 2 × 2 (sex × self-efficacy × trials) factorial design. Self-efficacy was manipulated by having subjects compete against a confederate on a muscular leg-endurance task where the confederate was said to be either a varsity ;rack athlete who exhibited higher performance on a related task (low self-efficacy) or an individual who had a knee injury and exhibited poorer performance on a related task (high self-efficacy). Because self-efficacy theory predicts that expectation-performance differences are maximized in the face of obstacles and aversive consequences, the experiment was rigged so that subjects lost in competition to the confederate on both trials. The results supported self-efficacy predictions with the high self-efficacy subjects extending their legs significantly longer than low self-efficacy subjects. Moreover, after failing on the first trial, high self-efficacy subjects extended their legs for a longer time than low self-efficacy subjects on the second trial. A postexperimental questionnaire revealed significant differences in cognitive states (e.g., expectations, attributions, self-talk) between high and low self-efficacy subjects, as well as between males and females. Results are discussed in terms o…
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“The link between boosts in perceived self-efficacy and sustained involvement in challenging activities is now well established across a wide range of behavioral domains (Bandura, 1981;Brown & Inouye, 1978;Weinberg, Gould, & Jackson, 1979;Schunk, 1981;Condiotte & Lichtenstein, in press).”
From Cultivating competence, self-efficacy, and intrinsic interest through proximal self-motivation. (1981) · cites this paper as Weinberg, Gould, & Jackson, 1979
In the citing paper
“First, preparation rituals can improve goal-driven performance (Cohn et al., 1990;Foster et al., 2006;Weinberg, Gould, & Jackson, 1979);”
From The Psychology of Rituals: An Integrative Review and Process-Based Framework (2018) · cites this paper as Weinberg, Gould, & Jackson, 1979
Citations
Cites
Self-efficacy: Toward a unifying theory of behavioral change
Bandura, A. (1977) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/0033-295x.84.2.191 · Cited by 43,925
Learned helplessness: Theory and evidence
Maier, S. F., & Seligman, M. E. (1976) · Journal of Experimental Psychology: General · doi:10.1037/0096-3445.105.1.3 · Cited by 2,494
Cognitive processes mediating behavioral change.
Bandura, A., Adams, N. E., & Beyer, J. (1977) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037//0022-3514.35.3.125 · Cited by 1,392
Analysis of self-efficacy theory of behavioral change
Bandura, A., & Adams, N. E. (1977) · Cognitive Therapy and Research · doi:10.1007/bf01663995 · Cited by 1,338
Wortman, C. B., & Brehm, J. W. (1975) · Advances in experimental social psychology · doi:10.1016/s0065-2601(08)60253-1 · Cited by 772
Psychology of the elite athlete: An exploratory study
Mahoney, M. J., & Avener, M. (1977) · Cognitive Therapy and Research · doi:10.1007/bf01173634 · Cited by 615
Learned helplessness through modeling: The role of perceived similarity in competence.
Brown, I., & Inouye, D. K. (1978) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.36.8.900 · Cited by 343
Attributing causes for one's own performance: The effects of sex, norms, and outcome
Deaux, K., & Farris, E. (1977) · Journal of Research in Personality · doi:10.1016/0092-6566(77)90029-0 · Cited by 326
Dweck, C. S., & Bush, E. S. (1976) · Developmental Psychology · doi:10.1037/0012-1649.12.2.147 · Cited by 237
Enhancing Self-efficacy in High-avoidance Motor Tasks: A Comparison of Modeling Techniques
Feltz, D. L., Landers, D. M., & Raeder, U. (1979) · Journal of Sport Psychology · doi:10.1123/jsp.1.2.112 · Cited by 153
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СОЦІАЛЬНО-КОГНІТИВНИЙ ПІДХІД ДО САМОРЕГУЛЯЦІЇ СПОРТИВНОЇ ДІЯЛЬНОСТІ
Hakh, R., & Gujabidze, G. (2025) · Вісник ХНПУ імені Г С Сковороди Психология · doi:10.34142/23129387.2024.71.01
Issues in the Conceptualization of Self-Efficacy
Gosiewska-Turek, B. (2025) · Second language learning and teaching · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-88896-0_4
Santi, G., Romanato, E., Roklicer, R., & Carraro, A. (2025) · Sport Sciences for Health · doi:10.1007/s11332-025-01511-w
Gutowski, R., Großmann, N., & Großschedl, J. (2025) · International Journal of Science Education · doi:10.1080/09500693.2025.2574522
Hung, L.-C., Song, Y., Hung, M.-T., & Wu, H. (2025) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-7705429/v1
Muynck, G. D., Vansteenkiste, M., Delrue, J., Aelterman, N., Soenens, B., & Haerens, L. L. (2015) · Ghent University Academic Bibliography (Ghent University)
Ali, B. B. (2018) · theses.fr (ABES) · doi:10.70675/eb56190az9de6z461fz9edcza040de225392
Güllü, S., YILDIZ, A. E., Witkowski, M., Arı, H. H., & Gündemir, O. (2026) · Veterinary Medicine and Science · doi:10.1002/vms3.71254
Effects of imagery rehearsal perspective on the performance of a perceptual-motor skill
Biron, J. E. (1986) · The Mathematics Enthusiast
Metadata
- Authors
- Weinberg, R., Gould, D., & Jackson, A.
- Affiliations
- 1North Texas State University
- Michigan State University (US)
- 3North Texas State University
- ORCID
- Gould, Daniel
- Venue
- Journal of Sport Psychology
- Publisher
- Human Kinetics
- Published
- 1979-12
- Volume
- 1
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 320-331
- ISSN
- 0163-433X (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2095668688
- Cited by
- 315
- References
- 17
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 12 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 12 · 2020: 10 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 12 · 2017: 17 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 14 · 2014: 3 · 2013: 9 · 2012: 8
- FWCI
- 5.56
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Sport Psychology (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Sport Psychology and Performance
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Motivation and Self-Concept in Sports
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Education, Achievement, and Giftedness
- Keywords
- self-efficacy, self-efficacy theory, learned helplessness, sex differences, gender socialization, attribution, self-talk, cognitive states
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