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4D Printed Shape Memory Anastomosis Ring with Controllable Shape Transformation and Degradation

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2D-to-3D Shape Transformation of Room-Temperature-Programmable Shape-Memory Polymers through Selective Suppression of Strain Relaxation

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4D printed biocompatible magnetic nanocomposites toward deployable constructs

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Real-time in situ magnetization reprogramming for soft robotics

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Thermoplastic Photoheating Polymer Enables 3D‐Printed Self‐Healing Light‐Propelled Smart Devices

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Covalent adaptive networks with repairable, reprocessable, reconfigurable, recyclable, and re-adhesive (5R) performance via dynamic isocyanate chemistry

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3D shape change of multi-responsive hydrogels based on a light-programmed gradient in volume phase transition

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Elevation of mechanically robust and reprocessable thermoset polyurea composites towards permanent shape reconfiguration controlled by heat and electricity

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Shape memory effect and light-induced deformation in Schiff base molecular crystals/PVDF ferroelectric polymer composites

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Precisely Controllable Artificial Muscle with Continuous Morphing based on “Breathing” of Supramolecular Columns

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Reprocessable, Self-Healing, Thermadapt Shape Memory Polycaprolactone via Robust Ester–Ester Interchanges Toward Kirigami-Tailored 4D Medical Devices

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Design and Fabrication of Heterogeneous, Deformable Substrates for the Mechanically Guided 3D Assembly

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Shape-programmable and healable materials and devices using thermo- and photo-responsive vitrimer

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Photo-Dissociable Fe 3+ -Carboxylate Coordination: A General Approach toward Hydrogels with Shape Programming and Active Morphing Functionalities

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Thin‐Film‐Shaped Flexible Actuators

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Origami Robots: Design, Actuation, and 3D Printing Methods

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Thermal/Near‐Infrared Light Dual‐Responsive Reversible Two‐Way Shape Memory cEVA/2D‐MoO2 Composite for Multifunctional Applications

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Regulating Asynchronous Deformations of Biopolyester Elastomers via Photoprogramming and Strain-Induced Crystallization

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Liquid crystalline elastomer actuators with dynamic covalent bonding: Synthesis, alignment, reprogrammability, and self-healing

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Shape memory polyimide aerogel composites with high programming temperatures and exceptional shape recovery capability

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Soft robots with different movement capabilities based on photo-responsive multilayer poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) and multi-walled carbon nanotubes

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Solvent responsive single-material inverse opal polymer actuator with structural color switching

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Reusable gold nanorod/liquid crystalline elastomer (GNR/LCE) composite films with UV-triggered dynamic crosslinks capable of micropatterning and NIR actuation

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Electrically Responsive Shape Memory Composites Using Silver Plated Chopped Carbon Fiber

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Photocuring and digital light processing 3D printing of vitrimer composed of 2-hydroxy-2-phenoxypropyl acrylate and acrylated epoxidized soybean oil

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Pluralizing actuation behavior of 3D printable liquid crystal elastomers via polymerization sequence control

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Utilizing Polyhexahydrotriazine (PHT) to Cross-Link Polyimide Oligomers for High-Temperature Shape Memory Polymer

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Sequence-Rearranged Cocrystalline Polymer Network with Shape Reconfigurability and Tunable Switching Temperature

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Self-Healing, Thermadapt Triple-Shape Memory Ionomer Vitrimer for Shape Memory Triboelectric Nanogenerator

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A Mechanism-Based Four-Chain Constitutive Model for Enthalpy-Driven Thermoset Shape Memory Polymers With Finite Deformation

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Allyl sulfide-based visible light-induced dynamically reshaped liquid crystalline elastomer/SWCNT nanocomposites capable of multimode NIR photomechanical actuations

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Stretchable, Soft, and Variable Stiffness Elastomer foam with Positive and Negative Piezoresistivity Enabled by Liquid Metal Inclusion

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Photo-adaptable shape memory hydrogels based on orthogonal supramolecular interactions

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Dispersed Association of Single-Component Short-Alkyl Chains toward Thermally Programmable and Malleable Multiple-Shape Hydrogel

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Nano-confined controllable crystallization in supramolecular polymeric membranes for ultra-selective desalination

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Nature-Inspired Sequential Shape Transformation of Energy-Patterned Hydrogel Sheets

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Metal cation-ligand interaction modulated mono-network ionic conductive hydrogel for wearable strain sensor

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Converse two-way shape memory effect through a dynamic covalent network design

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3D printing stretchable and compressible porous structures by polymerizable emulsions for soft robotics

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Materials, design, and fabrication of shape programmable polymers

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Preshaped 4D Photocurable Ultratough Organogel Microcoils for Personalized Endovascular Embolization

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Thermal responsive polyurethane/brominated isobutylene isoprene rubber co-continuous IPNs elastomer: From tunable shape memory behavior to high damping properties

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Sustainable network polymer via dynamic metal ionic crosslinks

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Random Liquid Crystalline Copolymers Consisting of Prolate and Oblate Liquid Crystal Monomers

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Tutorial: Thermomechanical constitutive modeling of shape memory polymers

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Morphable three-dimensional electronic mesofliers capable of on-demand unfolding

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Nanocomposite Hydrogel Actuators with Ordered Structures: From Nanoscale Control to Macroscale Deformations

Yao, X. S., Chen, H., Qin, H., & Cong, H. (2023) · Small Methods · doi:10.1002/smtd.202300414 · Cited by 25

Nano‐confined Supramolecular Assembly of Ultrathin Crystalline Polymer Membranes for High‐Performance Nanofiltration

Lü, G., Lü, S., Sun, J., Boey, M. W., Shang, W., Wu, J. J., & An, A. K. (2023) · Advanced Functional Materials · doi:10.1002/adfm.202309913 · Cited by 25

Smart Bionic Structures: Connecting Nature and Technology through Additive Manufacturing

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Toward Imperfection-Insensitive Soft Network Materials for Applications in Stretchable Electronics

Liu, J., Song, H., & Zhang, Y. (2019) · ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces · doi:10.1021/acsami.9b12690 · Cited by 24

Controlling Long‐Distance Photoactuation with Protein Additives

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4D Printed Shape-Memory Elastomer for Thermally Programmable Soft Actuators

Song, Q., Chen, Y., Slesarenko, V., Zhu, P., Hamza, A., Hou, P., Helmer, D., Kotz, F., & Rapp, B. E. (2023) · ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces · doi:10.1021/acsami.3c07436 · Cited by 25

Recent advances for phase-transition materials for actuators

Ma, H., Xiao, X., Zhang, X., & Liu, K. (2020) · Journal of Applied Physics · doi:10.1063/5.0020596 · Cited by 25

Mode Shifting Shape Memory Polymer and Hydrogel Composite Fiber Actuators for Soft Robots

Choi, J. G., Spinks, G. M., & Kim, S. J. (2022) · Sensors and Actuators A Physical · doi:10.1016/j.sna.2022.113619 · Cited by 24

High-performance fibrous artificial muscle based on reversible shape memory UHMWPE

Li, Y., Min, L., Xin, J. H., Wang, L. H., Wu, Q. H., Fan, L. F., Gan, F., & Yu, H. (2022) · Journal of Materials Research and Technology · doi:10.1016/j.jmrt.2022.07.045 · Cited by 23

Adaptive IR- and Water-Gating Textiles Based on Shape Memory Fibers

Choe, A., Kwon, Y., Shin, Y., Yeom, J., Kim, J., & Ko, H. (2022) · ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces · doi:10.1021/acsami.2c15974 · Cited by 24

Modeling and tracking control of dielectric elastomer actuators based on fractional calculus

Wu, J., Xu, Z., Zhang, Y., Su, C., & Wang, Y. (2023) · ISA Transactions · doi:10.1016/j.isatra.2023.02.012 · Cited by 24

Narrow response temperature range with excellent reversible shape memory effect for semi-crystalline networks as soft actuators

Chi, D., Gu, H., Wang, J., Wu, C., Wang, R., Cheng, Z., Zhang, D., Xie, Z., & Liu, Y. (2023) · Materials Horizons · doi:10.1039/d3mh00270e · Cited by 24

Hydration Programmable, Shape Memorable Artificial Muscles for Antagonistic Movements

Cui, Y., Lin, J., Zhai, Y., Xu, C., Chen, C., & Chang, C. (2024) · Advanced Functional Materials · doi:10.1002/adfm.202401005 · Cited by 24

Reprocessable and Multiple Shape Memory Thermosets with Reconfigurability

Wang, Y., Pan, Y. M., Zheng, Z., & Ding, X. (2019) · Macromolecular Rapid Communications · doi:10.1002/marc.201900001 · Cited by 25

From shape and color memory PCL network to access high security anti-counterfeit material

Du, L., Dai, J., Xu, Z., Yang, K., & Wang, Y. (2019) · Polymer · doi:10.1016/j.polymer.2019.03.054 · Cited by 24

A facile approach to fabricate two-way shape memory polyurethane with large reversible strain and high shape stability

Wang, T., Liu, Y., Zhao, J., Zhang, H., & Zhang, Z. (2020) · Smart Materials and Structures · doi:10.1088/1361-665x/ab7f40 · Cited by 23

Design of recyclable, fast-responsive and high temperature shape memory semi-aromatic polyamide

Yan, G., Wang, H., Li, D., Lu, H., Liu, S., Yang, J., & Zhang, G. (2021) · Polymer · doi:10.1016/j.polymer.2021.123427 · Cited by 23

Fluorescence visualization directly monitors microphase separation behavior of shape memory polyurethanes

Liu, J., Chen, Z., Hu, C., Yang, W., Wang, J., Xu, W.-L., Wang, Y., Ruan, C., & Luo, Y. (2021) · Applied Materials Today · doi:10.1016/j.apmt.2021.100986 · Cited by 23

Multimaterial Pneumatic Soft Actuators and Robots through a Planar Laser Cutting and Stacking Approach

Luo, Y., Zou, J., & Gu, G. (2021) · Advanced Intelligent Systems · doi:10.1002/aisy.202000257 · Cited by 24

3D and 4D printable dual cross-linked polymers with high strength and humidity-triggered reversible actuation

Jiang, Z., Shen, P., Tan, M. L., Yan, Q., Viktorova, J., Cementon, C., Peng, X., Xiao, P., & Connal, L. A. (2021) · Materials Advances · doi:10.1039/d1ma00223f · Cited by 23

Recent advances in shape memory superhydrophobic surfaces: Concepts, mechanism, classification, applications and challenges

Zhan, Y., Li, W., Amirfazli, A., & Yu, S. (2022) · Polymer · doi:10.1016/j.polymer.2022.125193 · Cited by 23

Transformable Pneumatic Balloon‐Type Soft Robot Using Attachable Shells

Nakajima, T., Yamaguchi, T., Wakabayashi, S., Arie, T., Akita, S., & Takei, K. (2020) · Advanced Materials Technologies · doi:10.1002/admt.202000201 · Cited by 23

Reprogrammable Untethered Actuator for Soft Bio‐Inspired Robots

Yang, R., Jin, M., Jin, M., Qian, H., Gao, Q., Jin, G., & Zhang, S. (2020) · Advanced Intelligent Systems · doi:10.1002/aisy.202000146 · Cited by 23

Shape Memory Elastomers: A Review of Molecular Structures, Stimulus Mechanisms, and Emerging Applications

Yu, Y. Y., Xiang, H., Fan, L. F., & Zhang, M. Q. (2025) · Polymer science & technology. · doi:10.1021/polymscitech.4c00035 · Cited by 23

Wettability-Controlled Directional Actuating Strategy Based on Bilayer Photonic Crystals

Zhang, Z., Qi, Y., Ma, W., & Zhang, S. (2020) · ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces · doi:10.1021/acsami.0c19313 · Cited by 22

Photoswitching of the melting point of a semicrystalline polymer by the azobenzene terminal group for a reversible solid-to-liquid transition

Guo, Y., Xiao, J., Sun, Y., Song, B., Zhang, H., & Dong, B. (2021) · Journal of Materials Chemistry A · doi:10.1039/d1ta00190f · Cited by 22

Recent and Future Strategies of Mechanotherapy for Tissue Regenerative Rehabilitation

Seo, B. R., & Mooney, D. J. (2022) · ACS Biomaterials Science & Engineering · doi:10.1021/acsbiomaterials.1c01477 · Cited by 27

Bioinspired Semicrystalline Dynamic Ionogels with Adaptive Mechanics and Tactile Sensing

He, W., Ming, X., Xiang, Y., Zhang, C., Zhu, H., Zhang, Q., & Zhu, S. (2022) · ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces · doi:10.1021/acsami.2c04510 · Cited by 23

External stress-free reversible multiple shape memory polymer enabled by using broad melting range as equivalent multiple switching phases

Huang, Y., Dang, G., Zhu, M., Fan, L. F., Rong, M. Z., & Zhang, M. (2022) · Applied Materials Today · doi:10.1016/j.apmt.2022.101709 · Cited by 22

Biocompatible Film‐Coating of Magnetic Soft Robots for Mucoadhesive Locomotion

Wang, C., Mzyk, A., Schirhagl, R., Misra, S., & Venkiteswaran, V. K. (2023) · Advanced Materials Technologies · doi:10.1002/admt.202201813 · Cited by 22

Fabrication of 3D Printed Polylactic Acid/Polycaprolactone Nanocomposites with Favorable Thermo-Responsive Cyclic Shape Memory Effects, and Crystallization and Mechanical Properties

Liu, H., Li, C., Chen, S., Chen, P., Li, J., Jian, H., Guo-yi, G., Chen, X., Zhu, X., & Wu, J. J. (2023) · Polymers · doi:10.3390/polym15061533 · Cited by 22

Electrically Controlled Liquid Crystal Elastomer Surfaces for Dynamic Wrinkling

Li, Z., Olson, G., Patel, D. K., Yao, L., & Majidi, C. (2023) · Advanced Intelligent Systems · doi:10.1002/aisy.202200402 · Cited by 22

Controllable directional deformation of micro-pillars actuated by a magnetic field

Chai, Z., Liu, M., Chen, L., Peng, Z., & Chen, S. (2019) · Soft Matter · doi:10.1039/c9sm01672d · Cited by 22

Inside-Out 3D Reversible Ion-Triggered Shape-Morphing Hydrogels

Du, X., Cui, H., Zhao, Q., Wang, J., Chen, H., & Wang, Y. (2019) · Research · doi:10.1155/2019/6398296 · Cited by 22

Design and 3D printing of paper-based shape memory polymer actuated for soft lightweight fingers

Chen, C., & Peng, R.-C. (2021) · Smart Materials and Structures · doi:10.1088/1361-665x/ac00ca · Cited by 21

Recyclable silicone elastic light-triggered actuator with a reconfigurable Janus structure and self-healable performance

Xu, X., Hao, X., Hu, J., Gao, W., Ning, N., Yu, B., Zhang, L., & Tian, M. (2021) · Polymer Chemistry · doi:10.1039/d1py01632f · Cited by 21

Carbon-nanotube-filled catalyst-free thermoset polyurea composites towards achieving recyclability, weldability and permanent shape reconfiguration

Jiang, L., Liu, Q., Lei, Y., Wang, Y., Zhao, Y., & Lei, J. (2019) · Materials Chemistry Frontiers · doi:10.1039/c9qm00246d · Cited by 21

A magnetic solder for assembling bulk covalent adaptable network blocks

Zhang, S., Zhang, Y., Wu, Y., Yang, Y., Chen, Q., Liang, H., Wei, Y., & Ji, Y. (2020) · Chemical Science · doi:10.1039/d0sc01678k · Cited by 21

Analysis of crystallization kinetics and shape memory performance of PEG-PCL/MWCNT based PU nanocomposite for tissue engineering applications

Zakizadeh, M., Nourany, M., Javadzadeh, M., Wang, P. Y., & Shahsavarani, H. (2021) · eXPRESS Polymer Letters · doi:10.3144/expresspolymlett.2021.36 · Cited by 21

Machine learning assisted design and optimization of plate-lattice structures with superior specific recovery force

Teimouri, A., Challapalli, A., Konlan, J., & Li, G. (2024) · Giant · doi:10.1016/j.giant.2024.100282 · Cited by 21

Liquid crystal polymer actuators with complex and multiple actuations

Zhang, X., Wei, J., Qin, L., & Yu, Y. (2024) · Journal of Materials Chemistry B · doi:10.1039/d4tb01055h · Cited by 20

Sustainable Approach for the Synthesis of a Semicrystalline Polymer with a Reversible Shape-Memory Effect

Wong, J., Yang, X., Zhao, Q., Xue, Y., Lok, T., Wang, L., Fan, X., Xiao, X., Wong, T., Li, T., et al. (2023) · ACS Macro Letters · doi:10.1021/acsmacrolett.3c00017 · Cited by 20

Thiol-acrylate Catalyst Enabled Post-Synthesis Fabrication of Liquid Crystal Actuators

Liang, H., Liu, Y., Xu, H.-T., Yang, Y., He, E., Yang, Z., Wei, Y., & Ji, Y. J. (2023) · Chinese Journal of Polymer Science · doi:10.1007/s10118-023-3031-2 · Cited by 19

Fabrication of gradient vapor grown carbon fiber based polyurethane foam for shape memory driven microwave shielding

Yan, Y., Xia, H., Qiu, Y., Xu, Z., & Ni, Q. H. (2019) · RSC Advances · doi:10.1039/c9ra00028c · Cited by 20

Emulsion Lyophilization as a Facile Pathway to Fabricate Stretchable Polymer Foams Enabling Multishape Memory Effect and Clip Application

Hou, Y.-K., Fang, G., Jiang, Y., Song, H., Zhang, Y., & Zhao, Q. (2019) · ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces · doi:10.1021/acsami.9b11424 · Cited by 20

Empowering artificial muscles with intelligence: recent advancements in materials, designs, and manufacturing

Oh, S., Chong, D., Huang, Y., & Yeo, W. (2025) · Materials Horizons · doi:10.1039/d5mh00236b · Cited by 19

Exploring multiple functions of diarylsemipinacol linked to the saturated ethylene–propylene elastomer: from the dynamic covalent networks to tailoring its macroscopic performance

Ma, Y., Shen, Y., Liu, Z., Shi, Z., Yin, J., Tian, M., & Qu, R. (2019) · Polymer Chemistry · doi:10.1039/c9py01354g · Cited by 19

Thiol–Anhydride Dynamic Reversible Networks

Podgórski, M., Mavila, S., Huang, S., Spurgin, N., Sinha, J., & Bowman, C. N. (2020) · Angewandte Chemie · doi:10.1002/ange.202001388 · Cited by 19

Regulating porous microstructure of polyimide aerogels toward efficient shape memory performance

Li, X., Guo, Z., Yang, P., Zhao, B., Li, J., Yin, M., Liu, W., Luo, C., & Zhang, L. (2024) · Polymer · doi:10.1016/j.polymer.2024.127224 · Cited by 19

Self-actuating origamis realized by independently printable and controllable stimuli-responsive creases

Wu, R., Kwan, K. W., Ma, W., Wang, P., & Ngan, A. H. W. (2020) · Applied Materials Today · doi:10.1016/j.apmt.2020.100621 · Cited by 19

Fabrication of reprogrammable shape-memory polymer actuators for robotics

Lendlein, A. (2018) · Science Robotics · doi:10.1126/scirobotics.aat9090 · Cited by 111

Digital Actuation Control of Soft Robotic Origami With Self‐Folding Liquid Crystal Elastomer Hinges

Bershadsky, D. C., Zhao, T., Paulino, G. H., & Davidson, E. (2026) · Advanced Functional Materials · doi:10.1002/adfm.202525150 · Cited by 7

Two-Way and Multiple-Way Shape Memory Polymers for Soft Robotics: An Overview

Scalet, G. (2020) · Actuators · doi:10.3390/act9010010 · Cited by 209

From Simple Contraction to Complex Morphologies: A Shape Programming Method via Modular Actuator PlacementPreprint

Hu, J., & Liu, J. (2026) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.7190912

Biomimetic shape-morphing actuators with controlled bending deformation and photo-mediated 3D shape programming for flexible smart devices

Tian, G., Wen, R., Ma, J., & Fu, C. (2024) · Sensors and Actuators B Chemical · doi:10.1016/j.snb.2024.135586 · Cited by 7