A stretchable wireless wearable bioelectronic system for multiplexed monitoring and combination treatment of infected chronic wounds
Open accessAbstract
Chronic nonhealing wounds are one of the major and rapidly growing clinical complications all over the world. Current therapies frequently require emergent surgical interventions, while abuse and misapplication of therapeutic drugs often lead to an increased morbidity and mortality rate. Here, we introduce a wearable bioelectronic system that wirelessly and continuously monitors the physiological conditions of the wound bed via a custom-developed multiplexed multimodal electrochemical biosensor array and performs noninvasive combination therapy through controlled anti-inflammatory antimicrobial treatment and electrically stimulated tissue regeneration. The wearable patch is fully biocompatible, mechanically flexible, stretchable, and can conformally adhere to the skin wound throughout the entire healing process. Real-time metabolic and inflammatory monitoring in a series of preclinical in vivo experiments showed high accuracy and electrochemical stability of the wearable patch for multiplexed spatial and temporal wound biomarker analysis. The combination therapy enabled substantially accelerated cutaneous chronic wound healing in a rodent model.
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“For all chemical sensors, a polyvinyl butyral (PVB) – coated Ag/AgCl electrode was used as the reference electrode that provides a stable voltage independent of the variations of wound fluid compositions ( 24 ).”
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- Authors
- Shirzaei Sani, E., Xu, C., Wang, C., Song, Y., Min, J., Tu, J., Solomon, S. A., Li, J., Banks, J. L., Armstrong, D. G., & Gao, W.
- Affiliations
- Andrew and Peggy Cherng Department of Medical Engineering, Division of Engineering and Applied Science, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA.
- California Institute of Technology (US)
- University of Southern California (US)
- Corresponding author
- Xu, Changhao
- Gao, Wei
- ORCID
- Venue
- Science Advances
- Published
- 2023-03-24
- Volume
- 9
- Issue
- 12
- Pages
- eadf7388-eadf7388
- ISSN
- 2375-2548 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC10038347
- OpenAlex
- W4360828136
- Cited by
- 405
- References
- 8
- Citations by year
- 2026: 127 · 2025: 135 · 2024: 98 · 2023: 45
- FWCI
- 44.40
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by
- Locations
- Science Advances (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Science Foundation (2145802)
- California Institute of Technology
- Heritage Medical Research Institute
- National Institutes of Health (R21DK13266)
- Beckman Institute, California Institute of Technology
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (R01HL155815)
- Office of Naval Research (N00014‐21‐1‐2845, N00014‐21‐1‐2483, N00014)
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (R01DK124789)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Rehabilitation › Wound Healing and Treatments
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Advanced Sensor and Energy Harvesting Materials
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › Electrochemical sensors and biosensors
- Keywords
- chronic wounds, wound infection, wearable bioelectronics, multiplexed sensing, wireless monitoring, electrical stimulation, tissue regeneration, wound healing, wound biomarkers, inflammation monitoring, metabolic monitoring
- MeSH terms
- Wearable Electronic Devices, Combined Modality Therapy, Wound Healing, Biosensing Techniques
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