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Archaeal type six secretion system mediates contact-dependent antagonism
Open accessPublished version of a preprint
Abstract
Microbial communities are shaped by cell-cell interactions. Although archaea are often found in associations with other microorganisms, the mechanisms structuring these communities are poorly understood. Here, we report on the structure and function of haloarchaeal contractile injection systems (CISs). Using a combination of functional assays and time-lapse imaging, we show that Halogeometricum borinquense exhibits antagonism toward Haloferax volcanii by inducing cell lysis and inhibiting proliferation. This antagonism is contact-dependent and requires a functional CIS, which is encoded by a gene cluster that is associated with toxin-immunity pairs. Cryo–focused ion beam milling and imaging by cryo–electron tomography revealed that these CISs are bound to the cytoplasmic membrane, resembling the bacterial type six secretion systems (T6SSs). We show that related T6SS gene clusters are conserved and expressed in other haloarchaeal strains, which exhibit antagonistic behavior. Our data provide a mechanistic framework for understanding how archaea may shape microbial communities and affect the food webs they inhabit.
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Metadata
- Authors
- Zachs, T., Malit, J. J. L., Xu, J., Schürch, A., Sivabalasarma, S., Nußbaum, P., Albers, S.-V., & Pilhofer, M.
- Affiliations
- ETH Zurich (CH)
- University of Freiburg (DE)
- Corresponding author
- Pilhofer, Martin
- ORCID
- Venue
- Science Advances
- Published
- 2024-11-15
- Volume
- 10
- Issue
- 46
- Pages
- eadp7088-eadp7088
- ISSN
- 2375-2548 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC11566945
- OpenAlex
- W4404400092
- Cited by
- 12
- References
- 1
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 6
- FWCI
- 3.29
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by-nc
- Locations
- Science Advances (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- FreiDok plus (Universitätsbibliothek Freiburg) (submittedVersion)
- Repository for Publications and Research Data (ETH Zurich) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- ETH Zürich Research Collection
- Funders
- National Science Foundation
- Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (403222702)
- Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung (212592, 310030)
- NOMIS Stiftung (101000232)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Virology › Bacteriophages and microbial interactions
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Bacterial Genetics and Biotechnology
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Ecology › Microbial Community Ecology and Physiology
- Keywords
- contractile injection systems, halophilic archaea, Haloferax volcanii, cell lysis, microbial community structure, cryo-electron tomography
- MeSH terms
- Type VI Secretion Systems, Archaea, Multigene Family, Haloferax volcanii, Archaeal Proteins, Microbial Interactions
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