Effects of Size and Temperature on Metabolic Rate
Abstract
We derive a general model, based on principles of biochemical kinetics and allometry, that characterizes the effects of temperature and body mass on metabolic rate. The model fits metabolic rates of microbes, ectotherms, endotherms (including those in hibernation), and plants in temperatures ranging from 0° to 40°C. Mass- and temperature-compensated resting metabolic rates of all organisms are similar: The lowest (for unicellular organisms and plants) is separated from the highest (for endothermic vertebrates) by a factor of about 20. Temperature and body size are primary determinants of biological time and ecological roles.
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Body mass and temperature are primary determinants of metabolic rate.
“Body mass and temperature are primary determinants of metabolic rate (Gillooly et al., 2001).”
From Allometric scaling of mammalian metabolism (2005) · cites this paper as Gillooly et al., 2001
Hemmingsen (1960) included unicellular organisms and poikilothermic vertebrates, expanding the range of body masses to 18 orders of magnitude, and also supported an exponent of 3/4.
“Hemmingsen (1960) included unicellular organisms and poikilothermic vertebrates, thereby expanding the range of body masses to 18 orders of magnitude, and also supported an exponent of 3/4 (a similar approach with a similar result was recently presented by Gillooly et al., 2001).”
From Allometric scaling of mammalian metabolism (2005) · cites this paper as Gillooly et al., 2001
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Changes in temperature alter the relationship between biodiversity and ecosystem functioning
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Self-citation
- Authors
- Gillooly, J. F., Brown, J. H., West, G. B., Savage, V. M., & Charnov, E. L.
- Affiliations
- University of New Mexico (US)
- Santa Fe Institute (US)
- Corresponding author
- Gillooly, James F.
- Venue
- Science
- Published
- 2001-09-21
- Volume
- 293
- Issue
- 5538
- Pages
- 2248-2251
- ISSN
- 0036-8075 (ISSN-L)
- 1095-9203
- OpenAlex
- W2147690605
- Cited by
- 3,810
- References
- 11
- Citations by year
- 2026: 176 · 2025: 211 · 2024: 230 · 2023: 218 · 2022: 247 · 2021: 229 · 2020: 248 · 2019: 234 · 2018: 215 · 2017: 206 · 2016: 198 · 2015: 184 · 2014: 169 · 2013: 146 · 2012: 156
- FWCI
- 32.58
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Science (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- UNM’s Digital Repository (University of New Mexico) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Ecology › Physiological and biochemical adaptations
- Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Paleontology › Evolution and Paleontology Studies
- Physical Sciences › Chemistry › Physical and Theoretical Chemistry › thermodynamics and calorimetric analyses
- Keywords
- metabolic rate, body mass, temperature effects, allometry, biochemical kinetics, resting metabolic rate, hibernation, endotherms, ectotherms, microorganisms, plants, biological time
- MeSH terms
- Amphibians, Animals, Basal Metabolism, Body Constitution, Body Temperature, Body Weight, Carbon Dioxide, Fishes, Longevity, Mammals, Mathematics, Models, Biological, Oxygen Consumption, Plants, Reptiles, Species Specificity, Temperature, Fractals
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