The DOI matches its Crossref record; 25 of the 25 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Senescence Induced by Altered Telomere State, Not Telomere Loss
Abstract
Primary human cells in culture invariably stop dividing and enter a state of growth arrest called replicative senescence. This transition is induced by programmed telomere shortening, but the underlying mechanisms are unclear. Here, we report that overexpression of TRF2, a telomeric DNA binding protein, increased the rate of telomere shortening in primary cells without accelerating senescence. TRF2 reduced the senescence setpoint, defined as telomere length at senescence, from 7 to 4 kilobases. TRF2 protected critically short telomeres from fusion and repressed chromosome-end fusions in presenescent cultures, which explains the ability of TRF2 to delay senescence. Thus, replicative senescence is induced by a change in the protected status of shortened telomeres rather than by a complete loss of telomeric DNA.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“In addition, the TRF2-dependent suppression of DNA repair within telomeres can yield DDR signaling from telomere-associated damage resulting from causes other than telomere shortening (Karlseder et al. 2002; Fumagalli et al. 2012).”
From Cellular senescence and its effector programs (2014) · cites this paper as Karlseder et al. 2002
In the citing paper
“Furthermore, over-expression of the shelterin subunit telomeric repeat-binding factor 2 (TRF2; also known as TERF2) can delay the onset of senescence44, arguing that the DDR in senescence is due to an insufficient loading of shelterin at the shortened telomeres.”
From Telomeres in cancer: tumour suppression and genome instability (2017) · cites this paper as [44]
In the citing paper
“In agreement, TRF2 overexpression delays replicative senescence onset [101], indicating that TRF2 capacity to sequester the telomere terminus via the t-loop conformation [88] might suppress the DNA damage signal from too short telomere ends and protect them from ATM signaling.”
From Mechanisms and Regulation of Cellular Senescence (2021) · cites this paper as [101]
Citations
Cites
Telomeres shorten during ageing of human fibroblasts
Harley, C. B., Futcher, A. B., & Greider, C. W. (1990) · Nature · doi:10.1038/345458a0 · Cited by 5,750
Extension of Life-Span by Introduction of Telomerase into Normal Human Cells
Bodnar, A. G., Ouellette, M., Frolkis, M., Holt, S. E., Chiu, C.-P., Morin, G. B., Harley, C. B., Shay, J. W., Lichtsteiner, S., & Wright, W. E. (1998) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.279.5349.349 · Cited by 4,975
Mammalian Telomeres End in a Large Duplex Loop
Griffith, J. D., Comeau, L., Rosenfield, S., Stansel, R. M., Bianchi, A., Moss, H., & de Lange, T. (1999) · Cell · doi:10.1016/s0092-8674(00)80760-6 · Cited by 2,447
Counter, C. M., Avilion, A. A., LeFeuvre, C. E., Stewart, N. G., Greider, C. W., Harley, C. B., & Bacchetti, S. (1992) · The EMBO Journal · doi:10.1002/j.1460-2075.1992.tb05245.x · Cited by 2,096
Olovnikov (1973) · doi:10.1016/0022-5193(73)90198-7 · Cited by 1,847
TRF2 Protects Human Telomeres from End-to-End Fusions
van Steensel, B., Smogorzewska, A., & de Lange, T. (1998) · Cell · doi:10.1016/s0092-8674(00)80932-0 · Cited by 1,709
Self-citationWATSON, J. D. (1972) · Nature New Biology · doi:10.1038/newbio239197a0 · Cited by 1,632
Control of telomere length by the human telomeric protein TRF1
van Steensel, B., & de Lange, T. (1997) · Nature · doi:10.1038/385740a0 · Cited by 1,219
p53- and ATM-Dependent Apoptosis Induced by Telomeres Lacking TRF2
Karlseder, J., Broccoli, D., Dai, Y., Hardy, S., & de Lange, T. (1999) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.283.5406.1321 · Cited by 1,086
Self-citationMakarov, V. L., Hirose, Y., & Langmore, J. P. (1997) · Cell · doi:10.1016/s0092-8674(00)81908-x · Cited by 959
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 2
- Supplementary material is available on Science Online at www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/295/5564/2446/DC1.
- Hinds P. W., et al., Cell Growth Differ. 1, 571 (1990).
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 701–797 of 797
Telomeres and Telomerase in Aging, Longevity, and Health
Janssens, G. E. (2009) · Utrecht University Repository (Utrecht University)
Scanning probe microscope visualization of t-loop assembly by TRF2 in cells
Cao, E., Guo, X.-F., Wang, J.-J., & Qin, J. (2005) · Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE · doi:10.1117/12.571839
TRANSCRIPTOME STUDIES OF CELL-FATE AND AGING
Larsson, O. S. (2005) · Figshare
The Influence of Biological Ageing in the Pathogenesis of Colorectal Cancer
Maxwell, F. (2013) · Enlighten: Theses (The University of Glasgow)
Expression of TRF2 and GAPDH in the aging of the in vitro ovarian surface epithelial cells
Chuaire, L., Monterrey, P. A., & Payán‐Gómez, C. (2011) · Desafíos (Universidad del Rosario)
Role of RecQ Helicases in Nuclear DNA Repair and Telomere Maintenance
Ghosh, A. K., Liu, Y., & Bohr, V. A. (2009) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4419-1075-2_2
Telomeres, Telomerase, and DNA Damage Response in Cancer Therapy
Tamakawa, R., Fleisig, H. B., & Wong, J. M. Y. (2012) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4614-4741-2_11
CARF Regulates Cellular Senescence and Apoptosis through p53-Dependent and -Independent Pathways
Wadhwa, R., Singh, R., Kaul, Z., & Kaul, S. C. (2013) · Humana Press eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-62703-456-2_8
Télomères, maladies et vieillissement ÉDITORIAL
Kahn, A. (2005)
Telomerer, åldrande och livsstil - forskning med motstridiga fynd - forskning med motstridiga fynd
Dahlman, D., Fyhrquist, F., & Nilsson, P. M. (2010)
Regulation of telomerase reverse transcriptase expression in Schizosaccharomyces pombe
Janzen, E. (2013) · KU ScholarWorks (The University of Kansas)
The primary cilium as a regulator of cellular senescence in human fibroblasts
Breslin, L. (2014) · ARAN (University of Galway Research Repository) (Ollscoil na Gaillimhe – University of Galway) · doi:10.13025/17764
der Naturwissenschaften, D. (2008)
Telomere dynamics and telomerase-independent cell survival in Arabidopsis thaliana
Watson, J. M. (2009) · OakTrust (Texas A&M University Libraries)
Molecular dissection of telomere dysfunction and analysis of G-overhangs in Arabidopsis thaliana
Heacock, M. L. (2009) · OakTrust (Texas A&M University Libraries)
Donigian, J. R. (2008) · Digital Commons - RU (Rockefeller University) · doi:10.48496/z32n-yn07
Molecular diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma
Raouf, A. A., Gaweesh, E. A., Badran, H. M., Hamshary, M. O. E., & Hamed, M. S. A. (2014) · Egyptian Liver Journal · doi:10.1097/01.elx.0000440959.92481.b1
Quantification of telomerase mRNA for the diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma
Raouf, A. A., Gaweesh, E. A., Badran, H. M., Hamshary, M. O. E., & Hamed, M. S. A. (2013) · Egyptian Liver Journal · doi:10.1097/01.elx.0000429698.34309.cf
Современные представления о роли теломер и теломеразы в патогенезе гипертонической болезни
Shepel, N., & Drapkina, O. M. (2013) · CyberLeninK (CyberLeninka)
Telomere Maintenance Using Cell Lines from Dyskeratosis Congenita Patients
Sharma, C. D. (2016) · Brunel University Research Archive (BURA) (Brunel University London)
Indices of arterial stiffness and telomere length in hypertension
Drapkina, O. M., Шепель, Р. Н., & Ivashkin, V. T. (2015) · CyberLeninK (CyberLeninka)
Free Radicals as Atherosclerotic Risk in Relation to Nitric Oxide
Hayashi, T., & Iguchi, A. (2010) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-373866-0.00021-6
Biochemical Characterization of hTRF1 and hTEP1, Two Proteins Involved in Telomere Maintenance
Tahmaseb, K. (2007) · OhioLink ETD Center (Ohio Library and Information Network)
Regulation of the G1-S transition by cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors
Ramsey, M. R. (2019) · Carolina Digital Repository (University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill) · doi:10.17615/sfvt-t742
Lysko, M. D. (2016) · TSpace (University of Toronto)
Effect of oxidative stress on human telomeric DNA structural dynamics and accessibility
Kim, G. (2015) · Illinois Digital Environment for Access to Learning and Scholarship (University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign)
Jasti, M. (2009) · OakTrust (Texas A&M University Libraries)
A Genome-scale RNA Interference Screen Identifies Novel Regulators of DNA Double-strand Break Repair
Young, J. T. F. (2016) · TSpace (University of Toronto)
Yeast telomeres: how to ignore essential double-strand DNA breaks?
Tomáška, Ľ., Sadovská, J., Nosek, J., & Griffith, J. D. (2003) · Journal of Applied Biomedicine · doi:10.32725/jab.2003.035
Telomere Dynamics and End Processing in Mammalian Cells
Sfeir, A. J. (2006)
EXPLORING GENOME INTEGRITY PATHWAYS IN SACCHAROMYCES CEREVISIAE
Shanmugan, M. K. (2014) · Archivio Istituzionale della Ricerca (Universita Degli Studi Di Milano) · doi:10.13130/shanmugam-muthukumar_phd2014-01-24
Boczek, U. (2018) · eDiss (Georg-August-Universität Göttingen) · doi:10.53846/goediss-6890
Chemical and Pharmacological Modulation of Telomerase
Soares, J. (2019) · Carolina Digital Repository (University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill) · doi:10.17615/fgzz-7e09
A transcriptional analysis of sirtuins in breast cancer
Ashraf, N. (2007) · Enlighten: Theses (The University of Glasgow)
Stochastic Nature of Cellular Aging: The Role of Telomeres
Vidaček, N. Š., & Rubelj, I. (2019) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-801238-3.11457-6
Wiśniewska, N., Kania, E., Płoński, A., & Głowiński, J. (2019) · Acta Angiologica · doi:10.5603/aa.2019.0013
Relación de la telomerasa con los procesos de senescencia celular y neoplasias
Gil, G. A., da Silva, L. C. G., & Neves, T. F. (2019) · Revista de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica · doi:10.36003/rev.investig.cient.tecnol.v3n1(2019)7
Damerla, R. R. (2011) · D-Scholarship@Pitt (University of Pittsburgh)
Gene Program Signatures for Papillomavirus E2-Mediated Senescence in Cervical Cancer Cells
Williams, S. S., Aronow, B. J., & Wells, S. I. (2007) · Humana Press eBooks · doi:10.1385/1-59259-893-5:69
On the Origin of CarcinomaPreprint
Méndez-López, L. F. (2021) · Preprints.org · doi:10.20944/preprints202101.0514.v1
Expression of telomeric repeat binding factor 2 (TERF2) in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Vengidasan, L., Choong, S. S., Chen, K., & Ibrahim, K. (2021) · Asia-Pacific Journal of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology · doi:10.35118/apjmbb.2021.029.2.10
Overview of the DNA Damage Checkpoint
Dupré, A., & Gautier, J. (2007) · Humana Press eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-59745-221-2_11
Activity and Regulation of Telomerase in Malignant Cells
Lindkvist, A. (2006) · KTH Publication Database DiVA (KTH Royal Institute of Technology)
Tsang, P. Y. L., Tai, D. M. S., & Li, L. C. W. (2021) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-22009-9_1043
DNA Damage and the Regulation of Cell Fate
Friedberg, E. C., Walker, G. C., Siede, W., Wood, R. D., Schultz, R. A., & Ellenberger, T. E. (2014) · ASM Press eBooks · doi:10.1128/9781555816704.ch23
Anti-Aging Medicine LiteratureWatch
(2002) · Rejuvenation Research · doi:10.1089/10945450260195658
EPAS1 protects fibroblasts from replicative senescence through telomeric stabilityPreprint
Zhao, B., Li, K., Liu, G., Liu, X., Chang, Q., Tu, Q., Chen, Q., Huang, X., Hua, R., Xu, D., et al. (2022) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-1488721/v1
Tsang, P. Y. L., Tai, D. M. S., & Li, L. C. W. (2020) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-69892-2_1043-1
Kumar, S. (2019) · Faculty Opinions – Post-Publication Peer Review of the Biomedical Literature · doi:10.3410/f.734905097.793555674
Faculty Opinions recommendation of Telomeres in cancer: tumour suppression and genome instability.
Savage, S. A. (2018) · Faculty Opinions – Post-Publication Peer Review of the Biomedical Literature · doi:10.3410/f.727224887.793545187
Shaw, P. (2009) · Faculty Opinions – Post-Publication Peer Review of the Biomedical Literature · doi:10.3410/f.1127152.584303
Molecular Mechanisms of Radiation-Induced Genomic Instability in Human Cells
Liber, H. L., & Schwartz, J. L. (2005) · doi:10.2172/887495
Telomere Replication and Cellular Senescence
(2004) · Toxicologic Pathology · doi:10.1080/714592171
(2004) · Encyclopedic Dictionary of Genetics, Genomics and Proteomics · doi:10.1002/0471684228.egp11385
Speicher, M. R. (2006) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1038/npg.els.0005783
Jin, Y., Stewénius, Y., Lindgren, D., Frigyesi, A., Calcagnile, O., Jonson, T., Edqvist, A., Larsson, N., Lundberg, L. M., Chebil, G., et al. (2023) · doi:10.1158/1078-0432.c.6518449.v1
A expressão do TERRA é desregulada na leucemia mieloide aguda
Catto, L. F. B. (2023) · Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations (Universidade de São Paulo) · doi:10.11606/t.17.2023.tde-11042023-093527
Wang, Z. (2023) · Journal of Clinical Images and Medical Case Reports · doi:10.52768/2766-7820/2459
Mukherjee, A. K., Dutta, S., Singh, A., Sharma, S., Roy, S. S., Sengupta, A., Chatterjee, M., Vinayagamurthy, S., Bagri, S., Khanna, D., et al. (2024) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.95106.1.sa4
The role of telomeres in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases – a molecular perspective
Chiruță, R., & Niţă, A. (2024) · Medic ro · doi:10.26416/med.158.2.2024.9543
The Role of Telomeres in Genomic Instability
Murnane, J. P. (2007) · Humana Press eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-59745-221-2_10
Mukherjee, A. K., Dutta, S., Singh, A., Sharma, S., Roy, S. S., Sengupta, A., Chatterjee, M., Vinayagamurthy, S., Bagri, S., Khanna, D., et al. (2024) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.95106.2
González-Meljem, J. M., Haston, S., Gallage, S., Innes, A. J., & Scheckhuber, C. Q. (2024) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-76469-1_2
Al-Janabi, I. I. (2025) · Al-Rafidain Journal of Medical Sciences · doi:10.54133/ajms.v8i1.1615
Telomere 3’-overhang attrition and persistent telomeric DNA damage response in failing human heartsPreprint
Ye, B., Shang, L., Yuan, X., Xu, Y., Wen, Y., Shi, Y., Xu, H., Wang, X., Margulies, K. B., Wang, X., et al. (2025) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2025.08.12.669993
Advancing In Vitro Tools for Oncologic Research in Cats and Dogs
He, C., & Rottenberg, S. (2025) · Veterinary Sciences · doi:10.3390/vetsci12090815
Tert Deletion Impairs Circadian Regulation of Blood Pressure in Male Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats
Semenovykh, K., Pravenec, M., Vaněčková, I., Houdek, P., Sládek, M., Šimáková, M., Mlejnek, P., Selvi, S., Šilhavý, J., Liška, F., et al. (2025) · Hypertension · doi:10.1161/hypertensionaha.125.25510
Human Premature Aging Disorders and Dysfunction of DNA Repair
Ahn, B., & Bohr, V. A. (2006) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/0-387-36802-7_1
Le rôle de l'oncoprotéine INT6 dans la maintenance des télomères
Benyelles, M. (2015) · theses.fr (ABES) · doi:10.70675/895a5201z1656z4103zbf00zdf282ab374f9
Kalal, A. A., Shetty, R. A., Manjappa, A. B., Kulkarni, N. V., & Shetty, P. (2023) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.22735500
Jawarkar, R. D., Bakal, R. L., Khatale, P. N., Lewaa, I., Jain, C. M., Manwar, J. V., & Jaiswal, M. S. (2021) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.17088172
Rôle de la protéine TRF2 et de ses partenaires dans la recombinaison des télomères humains
Saint-Léger, A. (2011) · theses.fr (ABES) · doi:10.70675/04129534z660az40bbza3c3z48ddeb0b8793
Télomerase et destin des tumeurs neuroblastiques
Samy, M. (2010) · theses.fr (ABES) · doi:10.70675/07050b7dz1056z4e65za6f1z34cea95a398b
NR2C/F telomeric association drives telomere-genome rearrangements in ALT cells
Marzec, P. (2013) · theses.fr (ABES) · doi:10.70675/2214c05fz9816z4523z8800zee5dcb9b9ff7
Déprotection et raccourcissement télomériques dans le carcinome hépatocellulaire
Idrissi, L. M. E. (2013) · theses.fr (ABES) · doi:10.70675/50e7c10bzdd88z48e5zb5c2z8168406fadd4
Investigation into the role of human RAP1 in telomere protection
Lototska, L. (2018) · theses.fr (ABES) · doi:10.70675/206c00d7zf1c8z46bcz8d20zb2289991e250
Characterization of the structure and dynamic of human telomeres during mitosis
Chevalier, M. (2021) · theses.fr (ABES) · doi:10.70675/1b71e747zbcfbz428bzb910z90510832a61f
Molecular and Cellular Responses to the Shortest Telomere in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Berardi, P. (2024) · theses.fr (ABES) · doi:10.70675/7b7d608bza43cz4696z9e55z6043326f7d64
Fragmentation patterns of human telomeric chromatin in plasma cfDNA
Buck, B., Weirich, A., Eramo, S., Lopez, R., White, L. K., Kabos, P., Forester, C., & Ramachandran, S. (2026) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-026-77352-z
Chronobiology of Cancer: How Aging Fuels Oncogenesis at the Molecular Level
Singh, A., Misra, A., & Zaheer, S. (2026) · Aging and Cancer · doi:10.1002/aac2.70027
BindingDB Entry 50043794: Telomere maintenance as a target for drug discovery.
BindingDB (2014) · UC San Diego · doi:10.7270/q2t43vkj
Niazi, S. K. (2026) · Frontiers in Systems Biology · doi:10.3389/fsysb.2026.1940319
Hartmann, N. R. (2005) · MPG.PuRe (Max Planck Society)
Angiotensin II induced premature senescence of human vascular smooth muscle cells
Mistry, Y. (2009) · Figshare
Wilson, F. R. (2014) · MacSphere (McMaster University) · doi:10.71548/23609
The Senescent Cell Induced Bystander Effect
Wordsworth, J. (2014)
(2003) · PubMed · Cited by 29
Metadata
- Authors
- Karlseder, J., Smogorzewska, A., & de Lange, T.
- Affiliations
- Rockefeller University (US)
- Laboratory for Cell Biology and Genetics, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, New York, NY 10021, USA.
- Venue
- Science
- Published
- 2002-03-29
- Volume
- 295
- Issue
- 5564
- Pages
- 2446-2449
- ISSN
- 0036-8075 (ISSN-L)
- 1095-9203
- OpenAlex
- W2088926897
- Cited by
- 796
- References
- 25
- Citations by year
- 2026: 10 · 2025: 11 · 2024: 22 · 2023: 11 · 2022: 14 · 2021: 22 · 2020: 18 · 2019: 19 · 2018: 26 · 2017: 22 · 2016: 20 · 2015: 29 · 2014: 24 · 2013: 22 · 2012: 35
- FWCI
- 47.76
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Science (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute on Aging (AG 16643)
- National Cancer Institute (R01CA076027, CA76027)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cell Biology › Telomeres, Telomerase, and Senescence
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Aging › Genetics, Aging, and Longevity in Model Organisms
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › DNA and Nucleic Acid Chemistry
- Keywords
- replicative senescence, telomere shortening, TRF2, telomere length, telomere fusion, primary human cells, growth arrest
- MeSH terms
- Antigens, Polyomavirus Transforming, Cell Division, Cell Line, Cells, Cultured, DNA, DNA-Binding Proteins, Humans, Oncogene Proteins, Viral, Repressor Proteins, Retroviridae, Transformation, Genetic, Tumor Suppressor Protein p53, Retinoblastoma Protein, Telomere, Cellular Senescence, Telomeric Repeat Binding Protein 2, Papillomavirus E7 Proteins
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review