The DOI matches its Crossref record; 7 of the 7 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Direct Cortical Control of 3D Neuroprosthetic Devices
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) movement of neuroprosthetic devices can be controlled by the activity of cortical neurons when appropriate algorithms are used to decode intended movement in real time. Previous studies assumed that neurons maintain fixed tuning properties, and the studies used subjects who were unaware of the movements predicted by their recorded units. In this study, subjects had real-time visual feedback of their brain-controlled trajectories. Cell tuning properties changed when used for brain-controlled movements. By using control algorithms that track these changes, subjects made long sequences of 3D movements using far fewer cortical units than expected. Daily practice improved movement accuracy and the directional tuning of these units.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Brain-computer interface technology: a review of the first international meeting
Wolpaw, J. R., Birbaumer, N., Heetderks, W. J., McFarland, D. J., Peckham, P. H., Schalk, G., Donchin, E., Quatrano, L. A., Robinson, C. J., & Vaughan, T. M. (2000) · IEEE Transactions on Rehabilitation Engineering · doi:10.1109/tre.2000.847807 · Cited by 2,324
Real-time prediction of hand trajectory by ensembles of cortical neurons in primates
Wessberg, J., Stambaugh, C. R., Kralik, J. D., Beck, P. D., Laubach, M., Chapin, J. K., Kim, J., Biggs, S. J., Srinivasan, M. A., & Nicolelis, M. A. L. (2000) · Nature · doi:10.1038/35042582 · Cited by 1,487
Real-time control of a robot arm using simultaneously recorded neurons in the motor cortex
Chapin, J. K., Moxon, K. A., Markowitz, R. S., & Nicolelis, M. A. L. (1999) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/10223 · Cited by 1,164
Georgopoulos, A., Kettner, R., & Schwartz, A. (1988) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.08-08-02928.1988 · Cited by 830
Self-citationDirect control of a computer from the human central nervous system
Kennedy, P. R., Bakay, R. A. E., Moore, M. M., Adams, K., & Goldwaithe, J. (2000) · IEEE Transactions on Rehabilitation Engineering · doi:10.1109/86.847815 · Cited by 573
Motor-cortical activity in tetraplegics
Shoham, S., Halgren, E., Maynard, E. M., & Normann, R. A. (2001) · Nature · doi:10.1038/35101651 · Cited by 99
Stability of chronic multichannel neural recordings: Implications for a long-term neural interface
Williams, J. C., Rennaker, R. L., & Kipke, D. R. (1999) · Neurocomputing · doi:10.1016/s0925-2312(99)00106-x · Cited by 69
Research works printed but not linked: 3
- Craggs M., Adv. Neurol. 10, 91 (1975).
- For review see
- We thank D. Moran for allowing us to adapt his base virtual reality program; W. Lyn for his recording assistance; and D. Weber for designing the EMG recording system. Supported by a Whitaker Foundation Fellowship a Philanthropic Education Organization scholarship and U.S. Public Health Service contract numbers N01-NS-6-2347 and N01-NS-9-2321. Supporting Online Material www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/296/5574/1829/DC1 Materials and Methods Movies S1 to S3
Cited by
Neuronal ensemble control of prosthetic devices by a human with tetraplegia
Hochberg, L. R., Serruya, M. D., Friehs, G. M., Mukand, J. A., Saleh, M., Caplan, A. H., Branner, A., Chen, D., Penn, R. D., & Donoghue, J. P. (2006) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature04970 · Cited by 3,295
Reach and grasp by people with tetraplegia using a neurally controlled robotic arm
Hochberg, L. R., Bacher, D., Jarosiewicz, B., Masse, N. Y., Simeral, J. D., Vogel, J., Haddadin, S., Liu, J., Cash, S. S., van der Smagt, P., et al. (2012) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature11076 · Cited by 2,719
Brain Computer Interfaces, a Review
Nicolas-Alonso, L. F., & Gomez-Gil, J. (2012) · Sensors · doi:10.3390/s120201211 · Cited by 2,143
Response of brain tissue to chronically implanted neural electrodes
Polikov, V. S., Tresco, P. A., & Reichert, W. M. (2005) · Journal of Neuroscience Methods · doi:10.1016/j.jneumeth.2005.08.015 · Cited by 1,896
Brain–machine interfaces: past, present and future
Lebedev, M. A., & Nicolelis, M. A. L. (2006) · Trends in Neurosciences · doi:10.1016/j.tins.2006.07.004 · Cited by 1,875
Metadata
- Authors
- Taylor, D. M., Tillery, S. I. H., & Schwartz, A. B.
- Venue
- Science
- Published
- 2002-06-07
- Volume
- 296
- Issue
- 5574
- Pages
- 1829-1832
- ISSN
- 0036-8075 (ISSN-L)
- 1095-9203
- OpenAlex
- W4253453051
- Cited by
- 1,540
- References
- 7
- FWCI
- 27.75
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Direct Cortical Control of 3D Neuroprosthetic Devices. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1126/science.1070291
- The paper
- Taylor, D. M., Tillery, S. I. H., & Schwartz, A. B. (2002). Direct Cortical Control of 3D Neuroprosthetic Devices. Science. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1070291
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
