The DOI matches its Crossref record; 10 of the 10 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
The Mentality of Crows: Convergent Evolution of Intelligence in Corvids and Apes
Abstract
Discussions of the evolution of intelligence have focused on monkeys and apes because of their close evolutionary relationship to humans. Other large-brained social animals, such as corvids, also understand their physical and social worlds. Here we review recent studies of tool manufacture, mental time travel, and social cognition in corvids, and suggest that complex cognition depends on a “tool kit” consisting of causal reasoning, flexibility, imagination, and prospection. Because corvids and apes share these cognitive tools, we argue that complex cognitive abilities evolved multiple times in distantly related species with vastly different brain structures in order to solve similar socioecological problems.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Tomasello, M., & Call, J. (1997) · doi:10.1093/oso/9780195106237.001.0001 · Cited by 1,491
Episodic-like memory during cache recovery by scrub jays
Clayton, N. S., & Dickinson, A. (1998) · Nature · doi:10.1038/26216 · Cited by 1,464
Self-citationRevised nomenclature for avian telencephalon and some related brainstem nuclei
Reiner, A., Perkel, D. J., Bruce, L. L., Butler, A. B., Csillag, A., Kuenzel, W., Medina, L., Paxinos, G., Shimizu, T., Striedter, G., et al. (2004) · Journal of Comparative Neurology · doi:10.1002/cne.20118 · Cited by 1,148
Can animals recall the past and plan for the future?
Clayton, N. S., Bussey, T. J., & Dickinson, A. (2003) · Nature Reviews Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn1180 · Cited by 658
Self-citationFeeding innovations and forebrain size in birds
LEFEBVRE, L., WHITTLE, P., LASCARIS, E., & FINKELSTEIN, A. (1997) · Animal Behaviour · doi:10.1006/anbe.1996.0330 · Cited by 579
Evolution of the Brain in Birds
JERISON, H. J. (1973) · Evolution of the Brain and Intelligence · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-385250-2.50018-3 · Cited by 347
Social complexity and transitive inference in corvids
Bond, A. B., Kamil, A. C., & Balda, R. P. (2003) · Animal Behaviour · doi:10.1006/anbe.2003.2101 · Cited by 312
Comprehension of role reversal in chimpanzees: evidence of empathy?
Povinelli, D. J., Nelson, K. E., & Boysen, S. T. (1992) · Animal Behaviour · doi:10.1016/s0003-3472(05)81022-x · Cited by 256
Clayton, N. S., Yu, K. S., & Dickinson, A. (2001) · Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes · doi:10.1037//0097-7403.27.1.17 · Cited by 238
Self-citationClayton, N. S., & Dickinson, A. (1999) · Journal of Comparative Psychology · doi:10.1037/0735-7036.113.4.403 · Cited by 227
Self-citation
Cited by
Buckner, R. L., & Carroll, D. C. (2007) · Trends in Cognitive Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.tics.2006.11.004 · Cited by 2,691
The evolution of foresight: What is mental time travel, and is it unique to humans?
Suddendorf, T., & Corballis, M. C. (2007) · Behavioral and Brain Sciences · doi:10.1017/s0140525x07001975 · Cited by 2,031
The Social Brain: Neural Basis of Social Knowledge
Adolphs, R. (2009) · Annual Review of Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev.psych.60.110707.163514 · Cited by 1,827
Deconstructing episodic memory with construction
Hassabis, D., & Maguire, E. A. (2007) · Trends in Cognitive Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.tics.2007.05.001 · Cited by 1,229
Darwin's mistake: Explaining the discontinuity between human and nonhuman minds
Penn, D. C., Holyoak, K. J., & Povinelli, D. J. (2008) · Behavioral and Brain Sciences · doi:10.1017/s0140525x08003543 · Cited by 1,174
Metadata
- Authors
- Emery, N. J., & Clayton, N. S.
- Venue
- Science
- Published
- 2004-12-10
- Volume
- 306
- Issue
- 5703
- Pages
- 1903-1907
- ISSN
- 0036-8075 (ISSN-L)
- 1095-9203
- OpenAlex
- W2170333515
- Cited by
- 1,198
- References
- 10
- FWCI
- 45.55
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: The Mentality of Crows: Convergent Evolution of Intelligence in Corvids and Apes. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1126/science.1098410
- The paper
- Emery, N. J., & Clayton, N. S. (2004). The Mentality of Crows: Convergent Evolution of Intelligence in Corvids and Apes. Science. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1098410
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
