The DOI matches its Crossref record; 2 of the 2 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Epochal Evolution Shapes the Phylodynamics of Interpandemic Influenza A (H3N2) in Humans
Abstract
Human influenza A (subtype H3N2) is characterized genetically by the limited standing diversity of its hemagglutinin and antigenically by clusters that emerge and replace each other within 2 to 8 years. By introducing an epidemiological model that allows for differences between the genetic and antigenic properties of the virus's hemagglutinin, we show that these patterns can arise from cluster-specific immunity alone. Central to the formulation is a genotype-to-phenotype mapping, based on neutral networks, with antigenic phenotypes, not genotypes, determining the degree of strain cross-immunity. The model parsimoniously explains well-known, as well as previously unremarked, features of interpandemic influenza dynamics and evolution. It captures the observed boom-and-bust pattern of viral evolution, with periods of antigenic stasis during which genetic diversity grows, and with episodic contraction of this diversity during cluster transitions.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Mapping the Antigenic and Genetic Evolution of Influenza Virus
Smith, D. J., Lapedes, A. S., de Jong, J. C., Bestebroer, T. M., Rimmelzwaan, G. F., Osterhaus, A. D. M. E., & Fouchier, R. A. M. (2004) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1097211 · Cited by 1,868
Ecological and immunological determinants of influenza evolution.
Ferguson, N. M., Galvani, A. P., & Bush, R. M. (2003) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature01509 · Cited by 746
Cited by
Koel, B. F., Burke, D. F., Bestebroer, T. M., van der Vliet, S., Zondag, G. C. M., Vervaet, G., Skepner, E., Lewis, N. S., Spronken, M. I. J., Russell, C. A., et al. (2013) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1244730 · Cited by 632
Mutational robustness can facilitate adaptation
Draghi, J. A., Parsons, T. L., Wagner, G. P., & Plotkin, J. B. (2010) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature08694 · Cited by 336
Neutralism and selectionism: a network-based reconciliation
Wagner, A. (2008) · Nature Reviews Genetics · doi:10.1038/nrg2473 · Cited by 309
Manrubia, S., Cuesta, J. A., Aguirre, J., Ahnert, S. E., Altenberg, L., Cano, A. V., Catalán, P., Diaz-Uriarte, R., Elena, S. F., García-Martín, J. A., et al. (2021) · Physics of Life Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.plrev.2021.03.004 · Cited by 88
On the networked architecture of genotype spaces and its critical effects on molecular evolution
Aguirre, J., Catalán, P., Cuesta, J. A., & Manrubia, S. (2018) · Open Biology · doi:10.1098/rsob.180069 · Cited by 44
Metadata
- Authors
- Koelle, K., Cobey, S., Grenfell, B., & Pascual, M.
- Venue
- Science
- Published
- 2006-12-22
- Volume
- 314
- Issue
- 5807
- Pages
- 1898-1903
- ISSN
- 0036-8075 (ISSN-L)
- 1095-9203
- OpenAlex
- W2092500478
- Cited by
- 530
- References
- 2
- FWCI
- 16.16
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Epochal Evolution Shapes the Phylodynamics of Interpandemic Influenza A (H3N2) in Humans. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1126/science.1132745
- The paper
- Koelle, K., Cobey, S., Grenfell, B., & Pascual, M. (2006). Epochal Evolution Shapes the Phylodynamics of Interpandemic Influenza A (H3N2) in Humans. Science. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1132745
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
