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Pre-Columbian Urbanism, Anthropogenic Landscapes, and the Future of the Amazon

Heckenberger, Michael J., Russell, J. Christian, Fausto, Carlos, Toney, Joshua R., Schmidt, Morgan J., Pereira, Edithe, Franchetto, Bruna, Kuikuro, Afukaka·2008·Science
DOI 10.1126/science.1159769
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Abstract

The archaeology of pre-Columbian polities in the Amazon River basin forces a reconsideration of early urbanism and long-term change in tropical forest landscapes. We describe settlement and land-use patterns of complex societies on the eve of European contact (after 1492) in the Upper Xingu region of the Brazilian Amazon. These societies were organized in articulated clusters, representing small independent polities, within a regional peer polity. These patterns constitute a “galactic” form of prehistoric urbanism, sharing features with small-scale urban polities in other areas. Understanding long-term change in coupled human-environment systems relating to these societies has implications for conservation and sustainable development, notably to control ecological degradation and maintain regional biodiversity.

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  • Legacies of prehistoric influence in Amazonia are visible from aerial surveys and satellite imagery along the southern periphery of the basin, particularly in the Llanos de Moxos of Bolivia, the geoglyph-rich region of Acre, Brazil and northern Bolivia, and the Upper Xingu in Brazil.

    “Legacies of prehistoric influence in Amazonia are visible from aerial surveys and satellite imagery along the southern periphery of the basin, particularly in the Llanos de Moxos of Bolivia (e.g. [1,12-14]), the geoglyph-rich region of Acre, Brazil and northern Bolivia [3,15-18], and the Upper Xingu in Brazil [2,19] (figure 1).”

    From Predicting pre-columbian anthropogenic soils in amazonia (2014) · cites this paper as [2]

  • The perception that the entirety of the Amazon Basin was a virgin forest or counterfeit paradise before European arrival to the Americas has been refuted by recent research documenting earthwork formation, complex societies and modified soils.

    “The perception that the entirety of the Amazon Basin was a virgin forest or 'counterfeit paradise' before European arrival to the Americas has been refuted, as recent research has documented evidence of earthwork formation, complex societies [1-3] and modified soils [4,5].”

    From Predicting pre-columbian anthropogenic soils in amazonia (2014) · cites this paper as [2]

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Research works printed but not linked: 31

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Metadata

Authors
Heckenberger, M. J., Russell, J. C., Fausto, C., Toney, J. R., Schmidt, M. J., Pereira, E., Franchetto, B., & Kuikuro, A.
Affiliations
Department of Anthropology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA.
Venue
Science
Publisher
American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
Published
2008-08-29
Volume
321
Issue
5893
Pages
1214-1217
ISSN
  • 0036-8075
  • 1095-9203
DOI
10.1126/science.1159769
Cited by
251
References
0
Language
en

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