The DOI matches its Crossref record; 25 of the 25 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Innate and Adaptive Immunity Cooperate Flexibly to Maintain Host-Microbiota Mutualism
Open accessAbstract
Maintaining Mutual Ignorance: Our gut is colonized by trillions of bacteria that do not activate the immune system because of careful compartmentalization. Such compartmentalization means that our immune system is “ignorant” of these microbes and thus it has been proposed that loss of compartmentalization might result in an immune response to the colonizing bacteria. Microorganisms are sensed by cells that express pattern recognition receptors, such as Toll-like receptors, which recognize patterns specific to those microbes. Slack et al. (p. 617 ) show that Toll-like receptor–dependent signaling is required to maintain compartmentalization of bacteria to the gut of mice. In the absence of Toll-dependent signaling, intestinal bacteria disseminated throughout the body and the mice mounted a high-titer antibody response against them. This antibody response was of great functional importance because, despite the loss of systemic ignorance to intestinal microbes, the mice were tolerant of the bacteria. Thus, in the absence of innate immunity, the adaptive immune system can compensate so that host and bacterial mutualism can be maintained.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Association of NOD2 leucine-rich repeat variants with susceptibility to Crohn's disease
Hugot, J.-P., Chamaillard, M., Zouali, H., Lesage, S., Cézard, J.-P., Belaiche, J., Almer, S., Tysk, C., O'Morain, C. A., Gassull, M., et al. (2001) · Nature · doi:10.1038/35079107 · Cited by 5,591
A frameshift mutation in NOD2 associated with susceptibility to Crohn's disease
Ogura, Y., Bonen, D. K., Inohara, N., Nicolae, D. L., Chen, F. F., Ramos, R., Britton, H., Moran, T., Karaliuskas, R., Duerr, R. H., et al. (2001) · Nature · doi:10.1038/35079114 · Cited by 5,030
Prokaryotes: The unseen majority
Whitman, W. B., Coleman, D. C., & Wiebe, W. J. (1998) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.95.12.6578 · Cited by 4,871
Recognition of Commensal Microflora by Toll-Like Receptors Is Required for Intestinal Homeostasis
Rakoff-Nahoum, S., Paglino, J., Eslami-Varzaneh, F., Edberg, S., & Medzhitov, R. (2004) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2004.07.002 · Cited by 4,251
Recognition of microorganisms and activation of the immune response
Medzhitov, R. (2007) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature06246 · Cited by 2,862
Induction of Protective IgA by Intestinal Dendritic Cells Carrying Commensal Bacteria
Macpherson, A. J., & Uhr, T. (2004) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1091334 · Cited by 1,584
Self-citationPyogenic Bacterial Infections in Humans with MyD88 Deficiency
von Bernuth, H., Picard, C., Jin, Z., Pankla, R., Xiao, H., Ku, C.-L., Chrabieh, M., Mustapha, I. B., Ghandil, P., Camcioglu, Y., et al. (2008) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1158298 · Cited by 1,287
Hampe, J., Cuthbert, A., Croucher, P. J., Mirza, M. M., Mascheretti, S., Fisher, S., Frenzel, H., King, K., Hasselmeyer, A., MacPherson, A. J., et al. (2001) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(00)05063-7 · Cited by 1,092
Self-citationTakeuchi, O., Hoshino, K., & Akira, S. (2000) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.165.10.5392 · Cited by 1,048
Vaishnava, S., Behrendt, C. L., Ismail, A. S., Eckmann, L., & Hooper, L. V. (2008) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0808723105 · Cited by 1,019
Cited by
Interactions Between the Microbiota and the Immune System
Hooper, L. V., Littman, D. R., & Macpherson, A. J. (2012) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1223490 · Cited by 4,173
Self-citationHost Remodeling of the Gut Microbiome and Metabolic Changes during Pregnancy
Koren, O., Goodrich, J. K., Cullender, T. C., Spor, A., Laitinen, K., Kling Bäckhed, H., Gonzalez, A., Werner, J. J., Angenent, L. T., Knight, R., et al. (2012) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2012.07.008 · Cited by 2,165
Role of the gut microbiota in immunity and inflammatory disease
Kamada, N., Seo, S.-U., Chen, G. Y., & Núñez, G. (2013) · Nature reviews. Immunology · doi:10.1038/nri3430 · Cited by 2,256
Metabolic Syndrome and Altered Gut Microbiota in Mice Lacking Toll-Like Receptor 5
Vijay-Kumar, M., Aitken, J. D., Carvalho, F. A., Cullender, T. C., Mwangi, S., Srinivasan, S., Sitaraman, S. V., Knight, R., Ley, R. E., & Gewirtz, A. T. (2010) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1179721 · Cited by 2,068
Sex differences in the gut microbiome drive hormone-dependent regulation of autoimmunity
Markle, J. G. M., Frank, D. N., Mortin-Toth, S., Robertson, C. E., Feazel, L. M., Rolle-Kampczyk, U., von Bergen, M., McCoy, K. D., Macpherson, A. J., & Danska, J. S. (2013) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1233521 · Cited by 2,025
Self-citation
Metadata
- Authors
- Slack, E., Hapfelmeier, S., Stecher, B., Velykoredko, Y., Stoel, M., Lawson, M. A. E., Geuking, M. B., Beutler, B., Tedder, T. F., Hardt, W.-D., Bercik, P., Verdu, E. F., McCoy, K. D., & Macpherson, A. J.
- Venue
- Science
- Published
- 2009-07-31
- Volume
- 325
- Issue
- 5940
- Pages
- 617-620
- ISSN
- 0036-8075 (ISSN-L)
- 1095-9203
- OpenAlex
- W2005507128
- Cited by
- 503
- References
- 25
- FWCI
- 18.97
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Innate and Adaptive Immunity Cooperate Flexibly to Maintain Host-Microbiota Mutualism. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1126/science.1172747
- The paper
- Slack, E., Hapfelmeier, S., Stecher, B., Velykoredko, Y., Stoel, M., Lawson, M. A. E., Geuking, M. B., Beutler, B., Tedder, T. F., Hardt, W.-D., Bercik, P., Verdu, E. F., McCoy, K. D., & Macpherson, A. J. (2009). Innate and Adaptive Immunity Cooperate Flexibly to Maintain Host-Microbiota Mutualism. Science. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1172747
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.