Role of the gut microbiota in immunity and inflammatory disease
Abstract
The mammalian intestine is colonized by trillions of microorganisms, most of which are bacteria that have co-evolved with the host in a symbiotic relationship. The collection of microbial populations that reside on and in the host is commonly referred to as the microbiota. A principal function of the microbiota is to protect the intestine against colonization by exogenous pathogens and potentially harmful indigenous microorganisms via several mechanisms, which include direct competition for limited nutrients and the modulation of host immune responses. Conversely, pathogens have developed strategies to promote their replication in the presence of competing microbiota. Breakdown of the normal microbial community increases the risk of pathogen infection, the overgrowth of harmful pathobionts and inflammatory disease. Understanding the interaction of the microbiota with pathogens and the host might provide new insights into the pathogenesis of disease, as well as novel avenues for preventing and treating intestinal and systemic disorders.
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Intestinal microorganisms are closely associated with a variety of immune cells, typically T helper 17 (TH17) cells, regulatory T (TReg) cells, and gut-specific B cells.
“In addition, intestinal microorganisms are closely associated with a variety of immune cells, typically T helper 17 (TH17) cells, regulatory T (TReg) cells, and gut-specific B cells [45].”
From Probiotics Regulate Gut Microbiota: An Effective Method to Improve Immunity (2021) · cites this paper as [45]
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From Dietary Fiber to Host Physiology: Short-Chain Fatty Acids as Key Bacterial Metabolites
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- Authors
- Kamada, N., Seo, S.-U., Chen, G. Y., & Núñez, G.
- Affiliations
- University of Michigan (US)
- Corresponding author
- Núñez, Gabriel
- Venue
- Nature reviews. Immunology
- Published
- 2013-04-25
- Volume
- 13
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 321-335
- ISSN
- 1474-1733 (ISSN-L)
- 1474-1741
- OpenAlex
- W2052554412
- Cited by
- 2,256
- References
- 168
- Citations by year
- 2026: 117 · 2025: 190 · 2024: 174 · 2023: 206 · 2022: 229 · 2021: 235 · 2020: 193 · 2019: 181 · 2018: 163 · 2017: 170 · 2016: 132 · 2015: 128 · 2014: 109 · 2013: 25
- FWCI
- 12.09
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Nature reviews. Immunology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Crohn's and Colitis Foundation
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Gut microbiota and health
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Inflammatory Bowel Disease
- Health Sciences › Dentistry › Periodontics › Oral microbiology and periodontitis research
- Keywords
- gut microbiota, host-microbe symbiosis, intestinal immunity, inflammatory diseases, intestinal homeostasis, pathobionts, dysbiosis, intestinal disorders, systemic disease
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Humans, Inflammation, Intestinal Mucosa, Symbiosis, Gastrointestinal Tract, Host-Pathogen Interactions, Metagenome
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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