Hemagglutinin receptor binding avidity drives influenza A virus antigenic drift
Open accessAbstract
Flu's Tricky Tricks: After vaccination against influenza A virus, single-point mutations are selected in hemagglutinin (the virus molecule that binds to sialic acid molecules on the surface of host cells) that escape neutralization by polyclonal antibody responses. Hensley et al. (p. 734 ) have discovered that in mice these mutations increased the virus's avidity for sialic acid. Amino acid substitutions that occur during reiterations of immune escape and avidity modulation can thus drive antigenic variation. This constant evolution of influenza viruses requires us to change vaccine components annually, and, for equine influenza, Park et al. (p. 726 ) show that as the match between virus and vaccine strains drifts apart with time, the probability of becoming infected and the length of the infectious period increase to the point where outbreaks occur. Nevertheless, even imperfect vaccines may be of benefit to a population because increasing the proportion of vaccinated individuals can supply enough herd immunity to offset a poor antigenic match, especially if used in conjunction with antiviral drugs. For humans, Yang et al. (p. 729 , published online 10 September) estimate that the rate of transmission within U.S. households puts influenza A 2009 H1N1 (the current pandemic “swine flu”) in the higher range of transmissibility, compared to past seasonal and pandemic strains. Thus, to achieve mitigation this fall, children should be the first recipients of vaccine, followed by adults—aiming overall for 70% coverage of the population.
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Increased affinity as a viral escape mechanism has been described previously.
“Increased affinity as an escape mechanism for viruses has been described in the past (Hensley et al., 2009; O’Donnell et al., 2012)”
From SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccination induces functionally diverse antibodies to NTD, RBD, and S2 (2021) · cites this paper as Hensley et al., 2009
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- Authors
- Hensley, S. E., Das, S. R., Bailey, A. L., Schmidt, L. M., Hickman, H. D., Jayaraman, A., Viswanathan, K., Raman, R., Sasisekharan, R., Bennink, J. R., & Yewdell, J. W.
- Affiliations
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (US)
- Harvard–MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology (US)
- Corresponding author
- Yewdell, Jonathan W.
- ORCID
- Venue
- Science
- Published
- 2009-10-30
- Volume
- 326
- Issue
- 5953
- Pages
- 734-736
- ISSN
- 0036-8075 (ISSN-L)
- 1095-9203
- PMC
- PMC2784927
- OpenAlex
- W1539973467
- Cited by
- 484
- References
- 16
- Citations by year
- 2026: 18 · 2025: 20 · 2024: 22 · 2023: 16 · 2022: 22 · 2021: 24 · 2020: 37 · 2019: 22 · 2018: 39 · 2017: 25 · 2016: 25 · 2015: 32 · 2014: 29 · 2013: 55 · 2012: 27
- FWCI
- 21.71
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Science (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- DSpace@MIT (Massachusetts Institute of Technology) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-sa)
- PubMed Central
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health
- National Institute of General Medical Sciences (U54-GM62116, GM 57073, U54GM062116)
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (Z01AI001014)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Influenza Virus Research Studies
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Evolution and Genetic Dynamics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Virology and Viral Diseases
- Keywords
- influenza A virus, hemagglutinin, antigenic drift, sialic acid, immune evasion, neutralizing antibodies, equine influenza, herd immunity, 2009 H1N1 pandemic, household transmission, vaccine prioritization, antiviral agents
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Antibodies, Viral, Antigenic Variation, Cell Line, Influenza Vaccines, Mice, Inbred BALB C, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Mutation, Receptors, Virus, Serial Passage, Models, Immunological, Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus, Mice, Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype, Antibodies, Neutralizing
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