Stepwise Modification of a Modular Enhancer Underlies Adaptation in a Drosophila Population
Open accessAbstract
Degrees of Darkness: Fruit flies in Africa have a tendency to be darker, the higher the altitude at which they live, because melanization offers a selective advantage. The dark pigmentation seen in some populations of Ugandan Drosophila melanogaster is owing to a lack of expression of the ebony gene, and expression results in yellow cuticle. Rebeiz et al. (p. 1663 ; see the News story by Pennisi ) show that mutations in cis regulatory elements, rather than in the coding region, are responsible for the dark color. A series of five mutations in a modular enhancer element influences the level of ebony expression: Three mutations already existed in fly populations with light cuticle color and a further two, more recently acquired dark-specific substitutions, together have created an allele of large effect, which has been swept to high frequency in this population of flies.
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Recent studies of Drosophila species have revealed cis-regulatory sequence microevolution underlying adaptive external trait variation.
“Recent studies that focused on the adaptive evolution of external traits in and among Drosophila species have revealed processes of cis-regulatory sequence microevolution.”
From Evolution of Gene Regulatory Networks Controlling Body Plan Development (2011) · cites this paper as Rebeiz et al., 2009
Cis-regulatory changes affecting yellow and ebony expression account for pigmentation pattern variation in Drosophila.
“Such processes account for variation in pigmentation patterns due to regulatory changes affecting expression of the yellow differentiation gene (Gompel et al., 2005; Rokas and Carroll, 2006); and the ebony differentiation gene (Rebeiz et al., 2009).”
From Evolution of Gene Regulatory Networks Controlling Body Plan Development (2011) · cites this paper as Rebeiz et al., 2009
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- Authors
- Rebeiz, M., Pool, J. E., Kassner, V. A., Aquadro, C. F., & Carroll, S. B.
- Affiliations
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute (US)
- University of California, Davis (US)
- Cornell University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Carroll, Sean B.
- Venue
- Science
- Published
- 2009-12-18
- Volume
- 326
- Issue
- 5960
- Pages
- 1663-1667
- ISSN
- 0036-8075 (ISSN-L)
- 1095-9203
- PMC
- PMC3363996
- OpenAlex
- W2163713616
- Cited by
- 249
- References
- 30
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 15 · 2021: 10 · 2020: 16 · 2019: 15 · 2018: 16 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 23 · 2015: 20 · 2014: 17 · 2013: 25 · 2012: 17
- FWCI
- 11.34
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Science (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute
- National Human Genome Research Institute (F32HG004182)
- National Institute of General Medical Sciences (R01GM036431, F32GM078972, GM036431)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Evolution and Genetic Dynamics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Genomics and Chromatin Dynamics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Developmental Biology and Gene Regulation
- Keywords
- enhancer evolution, cis-regulatory elements, melanism, Drosophila, standing genetic variation, novel mutations, functional constraints, morphological adaptation
- MeSH terms
- Abdomen, Adaptation, Biological, Alleles, Animals, DNA-Binding Proteins, Drosophila melanogaster, Enhancer Elements, Genetic, Biological Evolution, Haplotypes, Molecular Sequence Data, Mutation, Pigmentation, Polymorphism, Genetic, Uganda, Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental, Evolution, Molecular, Drosophila Proteins, Animals, Genetically Modified
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