Cited by 1,247Genomics and Chromatin DynamicsChromosomal and Genetic VariationsDevelopmental Biology and Gene Regulation

Cis-regulatory elements: Molecular mechanisms and evolutionary processes underlying divergence

Wittkopp, Patricia J., Kalay, Gizem·2012·Nature Reviews Genetics

Abstract

Cis-regulatory sequences, such as enhancers and promoters, control development and physiology by regulating gene expression. Mutations that affect the function of these sequences contribute to phenotypic diversity within and between species. With many case studies implicating divergent cis-regulatory activity in phenotypic evolution, researchers have recently begun to elucidate the genetic and molecular mechanisms that are responsible for cis-regulatory divergence. Approaches include detailed functional analysis of individual cis-regulatory elements and comparing mechanisms of gene regulation among species using the latest genomic tools. Despite the limited number of mechanistic studies published to date, this work shows how cis-regulatory activity can diverge and how studies of cis-regulatory divergence can address long-standing questions about the genetic mechanisms of phenotypic evolution.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1038/nrg3095

Cites

103 of 103 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Claims the paper makes

This paper’s full text isn’t openly available, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

  • Variation in prairie vole nucleus accumbens OXTR confers susceptibility or resilience to the effects of daily neonatal isolations on adult social attachment ability.

    “Furthermore, variation in prairie vole NAcc OXTR confers susceptibility or resilience to the effects of daily neonatal isolations, a model of neglect, in relation to the ability to form social attachments as adults (41).”

Cites

Flagged first, then by citations

Cited by

Sorted by citations

Authors
Wittkopp, P. J., & Kalay, G.
Affiliations
University of Michigan (US)
Corresponding author
Wittkopp, Patricia J.
Venue
Nature Reviews Genetics
Published
2011-12-06
Volume
13
Issue
1
Pages
59-69
ISSN
  • 1471-0056 (ISSN-L)
  • 1471-0064
OpenAlex
W2089806726
Cited by
1,231
References
103
Citations by year
2026: 112 · 2025: 128 · 2024: 129 · 2023: 112 · 2022: 103 · 2021: 99 · 2020: 95 · 2019: 74 · 2018: 74 · 2017: 55 · 2016: 75 · 2015: 66 · 2014: 48 · 2013: 41 · 2012: 18
FWCI
3.11
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • Nature Reviews Genetics (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Genomics and Chromatin Dynamics
  • Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Plant Science › Chromosomal and Genetic Variations
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Developmental Biology and Gene Regulation
Keywords
cis-regulatory elements, enhancers, promoter, cis-regulatory divergence, phenotypic evolution, transcription factor binding, genetic mutations, gene expression regulation, phenotypic diversity
MeSH terms
Animals, Base Sequence, Enhancer Elements, Genetic, Gene Expression Regulation, Humans, Regulatory Sequences, Nucleic Acid, Genome, Conserved Sequence, Evolution, Molecular, Computational Biology, Genomics, Mice

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review