Survival Analysis of Faculty Retention in Science and Engineering by Gender
Abstract
Faculty Fates: Academic careers in STEM (science, technology, engineering, and math) include challenges that may differ depending on gender.Kaminski and Geisler(p.864) analyzed the retention rates for tenure-track faculty at 14 U.S. universities in various disciplines. College catalogs, departmental Web sites, and other public sources of information were used to follow the academic careers of nearly 3000 STEM faculty. Except in mathematics faculties—where women left a couple of years earlier than men—generally, women and men were retained and promoted at the same rate.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Cites
Hosmer, D. W., Lemeshow, S. A., & May, S. J. (2008) · Wiley series in probability and statistics · doi:10.1002/9780470258019 · Cited by 3,818 · see citing works
Why So Slow?: The Advancement of Women
Valian, V. (1999) · doi:10.7551/mitpress/7235.001.0001 · Cited by 1,252 · see citing works
Faculty Members' Intentions to Leave: A National Study on Their Worklife and Satisfaction
Rosser, V. J. (2004) · Research in Higher Education · doi:10.1023/b:rihe.0000019591.74425.f1 · Cited by 419 · see citing works
Gender Differences in Patenting in the Academic Life Sciences
Ding, W. W., Murray, F., & Stuart, T. E. (2006) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1124832 · Cited by 397 · see citing works
Gender Disparity in STEM Disciplines: A Study of Faculty Attrition and Turnover Intentions
Xu, Y. J. (2008) · Research in Higher Education · doi:10.1007/s11162-008-9097-4 · Cited by 394 · see citing works
The Gender Gap in NIH Grant Applications
Ley, T. J., & Hamilton, B. H. (2008) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1165878 · Cited by 275 · see citing works
Zhou, Y., & Volkwein, J. F. (2004) · Research in Higher Education · doi:10.1023/b:rihe.0000015693.38603.4c · Cited by 227 · see citing works
Callister, R. R. (2006) · The Journal of Technology Transfer · doi:10.1007/s10961-006-7208-y · Cited by 213 · see citing works
A NATIONAL ANALYSIS OF DIVERSITY IN SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING FACULTIES AT RESEARCH UNIVERSITIES
Nelson, D. J. (2005) · Cited by 199 · see citing works
Marschke, R., Laursen, S. L., Nielsen, J. M., & Rankin, P. (2007) · The Journal of Higher Education · doi:10.1353/jhe.2007.0003 · Cited by 147 · see citing works
Faculty Turnover: Discipline-Specific Attention is Warranted
Xu, Y. J. (2007) · Research in Higher Education · doi:10.1007/s11162-007-9062-7 · Cited by 111 · see citing works
Faculty turnover at American colleges and universities: Analyses of AAUP data
Ehrenberg, R. G., Kasper, H., & Rees, D. (1991) · Economics of Education Review · doi:10.1016/0272-7757(91)90002-7 · Cited by 90 · see citing works
The Academic Revolving Door: Why Do Women Get Caught?.
Rausch, D. (1989) · Digital Commons - USU (Utah State University) · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Bell, S. (2011) · International Journal of Gender, Science, and Technology · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Geisler, C., Kaminski, D., & Berkley, R. A. (2007) · NWSA Journal · doi:10.1353/ff.2007.a224748 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Self-citationAssociate Professor Turnover at America's Public and Private Institutions of Higher Education
Nagowski, M. P. (2006) · The American Economist · doi:10.1177/056943450605000105 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Ceci, S., Ginther, D., Kahn, S., & Williams, W. (2014) · Psychological Science in the Public Interest · doi:10.1177/1529100614541236 · Cited by 751 · see citing works
Historical comparison of gender inequality in scientific careers across countries and disciplines
Huang, J., Gates, A. J., Sinatra, R., & Barabási, A.-Ĺ. (2020) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1914221117 · Cited by 978 · see citing works
Gender inequality in academia: Problems and solutions for women faculty in STEM
Casad, B. J., Franks, J. E., Garasky, C. E., Kittleman, M. M., Roesler, A. C., Hall, D. Y., & Petzel, Z. W. (2020) · Journal of Neuroscience Research · doi:10.1002/jnr.24631 · Cited by 553 · see citing works
Women Physicians and Promotion in Academic Medicine
Richter, K. P., Clark, L. A., Wick, J., Cruvinel, É., Durham, D., Shaw, P. A., Shih, G. H., Befort, C. A., & Simari, R. D. (2020) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmsa1916935 · Cited by 472 · see citing works
National Hiring Experiments Reveal 2:1 Faculty Preference for Women on Stem Tenure Track
Williams, W. M., & Ceci, S. J. (2015) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1418878112 · Cited by 435 · see citing works
Diekman, A. B., Steinberg, M., Brown, E. R., Belanger, A. L., & Clark, E. K. (2016) · Personality and Social Psychology Review · doi:10.1177/1088868316642141 · Cited by 356 · see citing works
Quantifying hierarchy and dynamics in US faculty hiring and retention
Wapman, K. H., Zhang, S., Clauset, A. J., & Larremore, D. B. (2022) · Nature · doi:10.1038/s41586-022-05222-x · Cited by 287 · see citing works
Duch, J., Zeng, X. H. T., Sales‐Pardo, M., Radicchi, F., Otis, S., Woodruff, T. K., & Amaral, L. A. N. (2012) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0051332 · Cited by 256 · see citing works
Women, know your limits: cultural sexism in academia
Savigny, H. (2014) · Gender and Education · doi:10.1080/09540253.2014.970977 · Cited by 275 · see citing works
Consequences of Flexibility Stigma Among Academic Scientists and Engineers
Cech, E. A., & Blair‐Loy, M. (2014) · Work and Occupations · doi:10.1177/0730888413515497 · Cited by 223 · see citing works
Gender and retention patterns among U.S. faculty
Spoon, K., LaBerge, N., Wapman, K. H., Zhang, S., Morgan, A. C., Galešić, M., Fosdick, B. K., Larremore, D. B., & Clauset, A. J. (2023) · Science Advances · doi:10.1126/sciadv.adi2205 · Cited by 204 · see citing works
Diekman, A. B., Weisgram, E. S., & Belanger, A. L. (2015) · Social Issues and Policy Review · doi:10.1111/sipr.12010 · Cited by 194 · see citing works
Persistence and uncertainty in the academic career
Petersen, A. M., Riccaboni, M., Stanley, H. E., & Pammolli, F. (2012) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1121429109 · Cited by 188 · see citing works
Life Paths and Accomplishments of Mathematically Precocious Males and Females Four Decades Later
Lubinski, D., Benbow, C. P., & Kell, H. J. (2014) · Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/0956797614551371 · Cited by 183 · see citing works
How the entire scientific community can confront gender bias in the workplace
Grogan, K. E. (2018) · Nature Ecology & Evolution · doi:10.1038/s41559-018-0747-4 · Cited by 172 · see citing works
Smyth, F. L., & Nosek, B. A. (2015) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2015.00415 · Cited by 170 · see citing works
Nelson, R. G., Rutherford, J. N., Hinde, K., & Clancy, K. B. H. (2017) · American Anthropologist · doi:10.1111/aman.12929 · Cited by 162 · see citing works
Gender Inequality Across the Academic Life Course
Winslow, S. E., & Davis, S. N. (2016) · Sociology Compass · doi:10.1111/soc4.12372 · Cited by 161 · see citing works
Changing demographics of scientific careers: The rise of the temporary workforce
Milojević, S., Radicchi, F., & Walsh, J. P. (2018) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1800478115 · Cited by 160 · see citing works
NIH funding longevity by gender
Hechtman, L. A., Moore, N. P., Schulkey, C. E., Miklos, A. C., Calcagno, A. M., Aragon, R., & Greenberg, J. H. (2018) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1800615115 · Cited by 151 · see citing works
Exploring Gender Bias in Six Key Domains of Academic Science: An Adversarial Collaboration
Ceci, S. J., Kahn, S., & Williams, W. M. (2023) · Gothic.net · doi:10.1177/15291006231163179 · Cited by 152 · see citing works
FACTORS IMPACTING THE ACADEMIC CLIMATE FOR LGBQ STEM FACULTY
Patridge, E. V., Barthelemy, R. S., & Rankin, S. (2014) · Journal of Women and Minorities in Science and Engineering · doi:10.1615/jwomenminorscieneng.2014007429 · Cited by 132 · see citing works
Raising Doubt in Letters of Recommendation for Academia: Gender Differences and Their Impact
Madera, J. M., Hebl, M. R., Dial, H. R., Martin, R. C., & Valian, V. V. (2018) · Journal of Business and Psychology · doi:10.1007/s10869-018-9541-1 · Cited by 132 · see citing works
Field courses narrow demographic achievement gaps in ecology and evolutionary biology
Beltran, R. S., Marnocha, E., Race, A. I., Croll, D. A., Dayton, G. H., & Zavaleta, E. S. (2020) · Ecology and Evolution · doi:10.1002/ece3.6300 · Cited by 122 · see citing works
The bachelor’s to Ph.D. STEM pipeline no longer leaks more women than men: a 30-year analysis
Miller, D. I., & Wai, J. (2015) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2015.00037 · Cited by 120 · see citing works
LGBT Trainee and Health Professional Perspectives on Academic Careers—Facilitators and Challenges
Sánchez, N. F., Rankin, S., Callahan, E. J., Ng, H., Holaday, L. W., McIntosh, K. L., Poll-Hunter, N. I., & Sánchez, J. P. (2015) · LGBT Health · doi:10.1089/lgbt.2015.0024 · Cited by 118 · see citing works
Beddoes, K., & Pawley, A. L. (2013) · Studies in Higher Education · doi:10.1080/03075079.2013.801432 · Cited by 117 · see citing works
Survival Analysis of Faculty Retention and Promotion in the Social Sciences by Gender
Box‐Steffensmeier, J. M., da Cunha, R. C., Varbanov, R., Hoh, Y. S., Knisley, M. L., & Holmes, M. A. (2015) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0143093 · Cited by 103 · see citing works
Adamo, S. A. (2013) · BioScience · doi:10.1525/bio.2013.63.1.9 · Cited by 95 · see citing works
Gumpertz, M. L., Durodoye, R., Griffith, E. H., & Wilson, A. G. (2017) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0187285 · Cited by 91 · see citing works
Multiscale impact of researcher mobility
Petersen, A. M. (2018) · Journal of The Royal Society Interface · doi:10.1098/rsif.2018.0580 · Cited by 86 · see citing works
Cabay, M., Bernstein, B. L., Rivers, M., & Fabert, N. (2018) · Social Sciences · doi:10.3390/socsci7020023 · Cited by 86 · see citing works
Is the Tenure Process Fair? What Faculty Think
Lawrence, J. H., Celis, S., & Ott, M. (2014) · The Journal of Higher Education · doi:10.1353/jhe.2014.0010 · Cited by 78 · see citing works
Time-to-Credit Gender Inequities of First-Year PhD Students in the Biological Sciences
Feldon, D. F., Peugh, J., Maher, M. A., Roksa, J., & Tofel-Grehl, C. (2017) · CBE—Life Sciences Education · doi:10.1187/cbe.16-08-0237 · Cited by 71 · see citing works
“…by university (i.e., nontrivial intraclass correlations), such as the programmatic use or exclusion of formal lab rotations, and to avoid inflated type I (false-positive) error rates (Musca et al., 2011) that can occur when such nesting is not taken into account (e.g., Kaminski and Geisler, 2012).”
BackgroundLearning by Hiring: The Effects of Scientists’ Inbound Mobility on Research Performance in Academia
Slavova, K., Fosfuri, A., & Castro, J. O. D. (2015) · Organization Science · doi:10.1287/orsc.2015.1026 · Cited by 84 · see citing works
To stay or not to stay: retention of Asian international faculty in STEM fields
Lawrence, J. H., Celis, S., Kim, H. S., Lipson, S. K., & Tong, X. (2013) · Higher Education · doi:10.1007/s10734-013-9658-0 · Cited by 68 · see citing works
Time to Tenure in Spanish Universities: An Event History Analysis
Menéndez, L. S., Castro, L. C., & Alva, K. (2013) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0077028 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Exploiting citation networks for large-scale author name disambiguation
Schulz, C., Mazloumian, A., Petersen, A. M., Penner, O., & Helbing, D. (2014) · EPJ Data Science · doi:10.1140/epjds/s13688-014-0011-3 · Cited by 71 · see citing works
Exploiting citation networks for large-scale author name disambiguation
Schulz, C., Mazloumian, A., Petersen, A. M., Penner, O., & Helbing, D. (2014) · IMT Institutional Repository (IMT School for Advanced Studies Lucca) · doi:10.3929/ethz-b-000091888 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Valla, J. M., & Ceci, S. J. (2014) · Perspectives on Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/1745691614522067 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
White-Lewis, D. K., O’Meara, K., Mathews, K. R., & Havey, N. F. (2022) · Research in Higher Education · doi:10.1007/s11162-022-09712-9 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Kwiek, M., & Szymula, Ł. (2024) · Higher Education · doi:10.1007/s10734-024-01284-0 · Cited by 72 · see citing works
'Computing, we have a problem …'
Camp, T. K. (2012) · ACM Inroads · doi:10.1145/2381083.2381097 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Gender Differences in Grant Submissions across Science and Engineering Fields at the NSF
Rissler, L. J., Hale, K. L., Joffe, N. R., & Caruso, N. M. (2020) · BioScience · doi:10.1093/biosci/biaa072 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Desigualdades de Gênero na Carreira Acadêmica no Brasil
Moschkovich, M., & Almeida, A. M. F. (2015) · Dados · doi:10.1590/00115258201558 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Gender in Science and Engineering Faculties: Demographic Inertia Revisited
Thomas, N. R., Poole, D. J., & Herbers, J. M. (2015) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0139767 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Teaching and research at a large university: Case studies of science professors
Robert, J., & Carlsen, W. S. (2017) · Journal of Research in Science Teaching · doi:10.1002/tea.21392 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Player retention in league of legends
Demediuk, S., Murrin, A., Bulger, D. W., Hitchens, M., Drachen, A., Raffe, W. L., & Tamassia, M. (2018) · Australasian Computer Science Week Multiconference (ACSW) · doi:10.1145/3167918.3167937 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Kossek, E. E., Buzzanell, P. M., Wright, B. J., Batz-Barbarich, C. L., Moors, A. C., Sullivan, C. M., Kokini, K., Hirsch, A. S., Maxey, K., & Nikalje, A. (2022) · The Journal of Applied Behavioral Science · doi:10.1177/00218863221132321 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Participation, representation, and shared experiences of women scholars in biological anthropology
Turner, T. R., Bernstein, R. M., Taylor, A. B., Asangba, A. E., Bekelman, T. A., Cramer, J. D., Elton, S., Harvati, K., Williams‐Hatala, E. M., Kauffman, L., et al. (2018) · American Journal of Physical Anthropology · doi:10.1002/ajpa.23386 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Raj, A., Freund, K. M., McDonald, J. M., & Carr, P. L. (2020) · EClinicalMedicine · doi:10.1016/j.eclinm.2020.100298 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Lewis, J. D., Fane, K., Ingraham, A. M., Khan, A., Mills, A. M., Pitt, S. C., Ramo, D. E., Wu, R. I., & Pollart, S. M. (2018) · JMIR Medical Education · doi:10.2196/11140 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Waaijer, C. J. F., Sonneveld, H., Buitendijk, S. E., van Bochove, C. A., & van der Weijden, I. (2016) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0164784 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Collaboration enhances career progression in academic science, especially for female researchers
van der Wal, J. E. M., Thorogood, R., & Horrocks, N. P. C. (2021) · Proceedings of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rspb.2021.0219 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Walker, K. A. (2018) · Annals of the Entomological Society of America · doi:10.1093/aesa/say030 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Diekman, A. B., & Benson‐Greenwald, T. M. (2018) · Policy Insights from the Behavioral and Brain Sciences · doi:10.1177/2372732217747889 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Villablanca, A. C., Li, Y., Beckett, L. A., & Howell, L. P. (2017) · Journal of Women s Health · doi:10.1089/jwh.2016.6018 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Burnout and Turnover Intentions Among Junior Counseling Faculty: Moderating Role of Mentoring
Woo, H., Kim, C.-D., & Park, S. M. (2019) · Journal of Employment Counseling · doi:10.1002/joec.12114 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Gender differences in career advancements in Italian universities over the last 20 years
Falco, V., Cuntrera, D., & Attanasio, M. (2023) · Genus · doi:10.1186/s41118-023-00189-7 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Birt, J. A., Khajeloo, M., Rega‐Brodsky, C. C., Siegel, M. A., Hancock, T. S., Cummings, K., & Nguyen, P. D. (2019) · Science Education · doi:10.1002/sce.21519 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Collins, R., & Steffen-Fluhr, N. (2019) · Equality Diversity and Inclusion An International Journal · doi:10.1108/edi-09-2017-0183 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Assessing Gender Bias in Particle Physics and Social Science Recommendations for Academic Jobs
Bernstein, R., Macy, M. W., Williams, W. M., Cameron, C. J., Williams‐Ceci, S., & Ceci, S. J. (2022) · Social Sciences · doi:10.3390/socsci11020074 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Moving Out of Academic Research
Geuna, A., & Shibayama, S. (2015) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-801396-0.00010-7 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
STEM faculty response to proposed workspace changes
Larson, E. W., Gettings, P. E., Malik, P., Hearit, L. B., Buzzanell, P. M., & Ludwig, B. (2016) · Journal of Organizational Change Management · doi:10.1108/jocm-04-2015-0064 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Gender differences in academic careers
Groeneveld, S. M., Tijdens, K. G., & van Kleef, D. D. (2012) · Equality Diversity and Inclusion An International Journal · doi:10.1108/02610151211263487 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
A matter of time? Gender and ethnic inequality in the academic publishing careers of Dutch Ph.D.s
Mulders, A. M., Hofstra, B., & Tolsma, J. (2024) · Quantitative Science Studies · doi:10.1162/qss_a_00306 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Understanding the Factors Influencing Women’s Career Trajectories in STEM Education in Kazakhstan.
Tsakalerou, M. (2022) · International Conference on Gender Research · doi:10.34190/icgr.5.1.186 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
The New STEM Faculty Profile: Balancing Family and Dual Careers
Hill, P. W., Holmes, M. A., & McQuillan, J. (2014) · Advances in gender research · doi:10.1108/s1529-212620140000019001 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Grant Allocation Disparities from a Gender Perspective: Literature Review. Synthesis Report
Castro, L. C., & Menéndez, L. S. (2020) · DIGITAL.CSIC (Spanish National Research Council (CSIC)) · doi:10.20350/digitalcsic/10548 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Gender Representation in Faculty and Leadership at Land Grant and Research Institutions
Cho, A., Chakraborty, D., & Rowland, D. (2016) · Agronomy Journal · doi:10.2134/agronj2015.0566 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Shuzhen, H. (2019) · Journal of Intelligent & Fuzzy Systems · doi:10.3233/jifs-179132 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
RetractedBlaney, L. M., Kandiah, R., Ducoste, J. J., Perlinger, J. A., & Bartelt‐Hunt, S. L. (2016) · Environmental Engineering Science · doi:10.1089/ees.2016.0063 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Kordaki, M., & Berdousis, I. (2015) · Education and Information Technologies · doi:10.1007/s10639-015-9432-2 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Understanding Career Mobility of Professors: Does Foreign-Born Status Matter?
Kim, D., Twombly, S. B., Wolf‐Wendel, L., & Belin, A. A. (2020) · Innovative Higher Education · doi:10.1007/s10755-020-09513-x · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Careers in science: policy issues according to Nature and Science editorials
Waaijer, C. J. F. (2013) · Scientometrics · doi:10.1007/s11192-013-0958-z · Cited by 11 · see citing works
An Examination of Gender Differences in the American Fisheries Society Peer-Review Process
Handley, G., Frantz, C. M., Kočovský, P. M., DeVries, D. R., Cooke, S. J., & Claussen, J. E. (2015) · Fisheries · doi:10.1080/03632415.2015.1059824 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Walker, Z. W., Appah, M., Aban, I., Lindeman, B. M., Elopre, L. E., Goepfert, A. R., & Hill, S. V. (2022) · Medical Education Online · doi:10.1080/10872981.2022.2093692 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
González‐Salmón, E., Chinchilla‐Rodríguez, Z., & Robinson‐García, N. (2025) · Journal of the Association for Information Science and Technology · doi:10.1002/asi.25012 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Female business faculty attrition: paths through the labyrinth
Verbos, A. K., & Dykstra, D. V. E. (2014) · Equality Diversity and Inclusion An International Journal · doi:10.1108/edi-10-2013-0083 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Turnover Intentions in the STEM Fields: The Role of Departmental Factors
Minnotte, K. L., & Pedersen, D. E. (2020) · Innovative Higher Education · doi:10.1007/s10755-020-09524-8 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Rethinking Law School Tenure Standards
Chilton, A. S., Masur, J. S., & Rozema, K. (2019) · The Journal of Legal Studies · doi:10.1086/713886 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Aksnes, D. W., Kahn, S., Reiling, R. B., & Ulvestad, M. E. S. (2024) · Studies in Higher Education · doi:10.1080/03075079.2024.2400545 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Moving Out of Academic Research: Why Scientists Stop Doing Research?Preprint
Geuna, A., & Shibayama, S. (2015) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.2550050 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Leaving science—attrition of biologists in 38 OECD countries
Kwiek, M., & Szymula, Ł. (2025) · FEBS Letters · doi:10.1002/1873-3468.70028 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Contingent faculty in ecology and STEM : an uneven landscape of challenges for higher education
Fetcher, N., Lam, M. E., Cid, C. R., & Mourad, T. M. (2019) · Ecosphere · doi:10.1002/ecs2.2964 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Assessing burnout among early career faculty in US dental schools
Henry, A. D., Salter, R. O., Young, D. L., & Leavell, J. P. (2023) · Journal of Dental Education · doi:10.1002/jdd.13423 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Gender Differences in Science and Engineering: A Data Mining Approach.
Chopra, S., Khan, A., Mirsafian, M., & Golab, L. (2019) · EDBT/ICDT Workshops · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Unveiling the loss of exceptional women in science
Yang, Y., Zhang, C., Xu, H., Bu, Y., Liu, M., & Ding, Y. (2024) · Information Processing & Management · doi:10.1016/j.ipm.2024.103829 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Begabungsförderung, Leistungsentwicklung, Bildungsgerechtigkeit – für alle!
(Westf), M. B. 2. M., Fischer, C. G., Fischer-Ontrup, C., Käpnick, F., Neuber, N., Solzbacher, C., Zwitserlood, P., & Verlag, W. (2020) · Waxmann Verlag GmbH eBooks · doi:10.31244/9783830990673 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Wagner, D., & Pearcey, S. M. (2022) · Health Psychology and Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1080/21642850.2022.2102016 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Gender representation in the vision sciences: A longitudinal study
Cooper, E. A., & Radonjić, A. (2016) · Journal of Vision · doi:10.1167/16.1.17 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
The Effect of Interdisciplinary Training on Cultivating Graduate Student Innovation Capacities
McChesney, E., Weng, Y.-H., Winkler, C. E., Selznick, B. S., & Mayhew, M. J. (2025) · Innovative Higher Education · doi:10.1007/s10755-025-09848-3 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Who counts as an inventor? Seniority and gender in 430,000 biomedical inventor–researcher teams
Manjunath, A., Kahrobai, N., Manjunath, J., Seffens, A., Gowda, A., Umbarkar, R., Umbarkar, E., Zou, J., & Kumar, I. (2023) · Nature Biotechnology · doi:10.1038/s41587-023-01771-2 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Looking beyond workforce parity: addressing gender inequity in pathology.
McKenzie, C., Gupta, R., Jackett, L., Anderson, L., Chen, V., Dahlstrom, J., Dray, M., Farshid, G., Hemmings, C., Karim, R., et al. (2023) · Pathology (Sydney) · doi:10.1016/j.pathol.2023.07.002 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Feder, T. (2023) · Physics Today · doi:10.1063/pt.3.5326 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Gender Gap in Chemistry, Still?!
Chao, H., Lin, J. J. H., Cesa, M. C., & Chiu, M. (2024) · Journal of Chemical Education · doi:10.1021/acs.jchemed.2c00650 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Leaning into Engineering: Tenured Women Faculty and the Policies and Programs that Support Them
Karpman, D. (2016) · ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition · doi:10.18260/p.25529 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Tenure-Track Opt-Outs: Leakages from the Academic Pipeline
Almer, E. D., Baldwin, A. A., Jones‐Farmer, L. A., Lightbody, M., & Single, L. E. (2016) · Emerald Group Publishing Limited eBooks · doi:10.1108/s1085-462220160000019001 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Kanuka, H., & Anuik, J. D. (2021) · Journal of Higher Education Policy And Leadership Studies · doi:10.52547/johepal.2.1.6 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Reconstructing the Kaplan–Meier Estimator as an M-estimator
Gu, J., Fan, Y., & Yin, G. (2021) · The American Statistician · doi:10.1080/00031305.2021.1947376 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
- Authors
- Kaminski, D., & Geisler, C.
- Affiliations
- Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute (US)
- Simon Fraser University (CA)
- Corresponding author
- Kaminski, Deborah
- Venue
- Science
- Published
- 2012-02-17
- Volume
- 335
- Issue
- 6070
- Pages
- 864-866
- ISSN
- 0036-8075 (ISSN-L)
- 1095-9203
- OpenAlex
- W1994543706
- Cited by
- 186
- References
- 16
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 17 · 2024: 18 · 2023: 15 · 2022: 12 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 20 · 2019: 9 · 2018: 14 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 11 · 2015: 18 · 2014: 15 · 2013: 11 · 2012: 6
- FWCI
- 41.58
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Science (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Safety Research › Career Development and Diversity
- Social Sciences › Gender Studies › Diversity and Career in Medicine
- Social Sciences › Gender Studies › Gender Diversity and Inequality
- Keywords
- faculty retention, gender differences, academic careers, assistant professors, faculty promotion, mathematics faculty, women in academia, science and engineering faculty
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review