Interstitial dendritic cell guidance by haptotactic chemokine gradients
Open accessAbstract
A Well-Defined Path: Although chemokines have long been thought to direct immune cell movements within tissues, a formal in vivo demonstration and detailed understanding are lacking. By tracking dendritic cell movements in the ears of mice, Weber et al. (p. 328 ) were able to provide both. Endogenous gradients of the chemokine CCL21 were observed in ear tissue and, at distances of up 90 µm, dendritic cells were able to use these gradients to migrate directionally toward lymphatic vessels. The CCL21 gradient was immobilized on heparan sulfates and disruption of the gradient inhibited dendritic cell migration.
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CCL21 binds heparan sulfate and collagens in the interstitium via its positively charged C terminus, promoting haptotaxis of DCs and T cells toward initial LVs.
“CCL21 has a positively charged C terminus that binds heparan sulfate and collagens in the interstitium and which, therefore, promotes haptotaxis (migration up a gradient of surface-bound chemoattractant) of DCs and T cells toward initial LVs (101, 102).”
From Transport and Immune Functions of the Lymphatic System. (2025) · cites this paper as [102]
In the paper’s main text (section S; page unavailable), CCL21’s charged C terminus is described as binding glycosaminoglycans, and experiments show that heparan sulfate immobilizes interstitial CCL21 and that the resulting gradient guides dendritic cells toward lymphatic vessels. The passages do not establish binding to collagens or haptotaxis of T cells toward those vessels. (LLM, conf=0.87)
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Transport and Immune Functions of the Lymphatic System.
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- Authors
- Weber, M., Hauschild, R., Schwarz, J., Moussion, C., de Vries, I., Legler, D. F., Luther, S. A., Bollenbach, T., & Sixt, M.
- Affiliations
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria (AT)
- IST Austria (Institute of Science and Technology Austria), Am Campus 1, A-3400 Klosterneuburg, Austria.
- University of Konstanz (DE)
- University of Lausanne (CH)
- ORCID
- Venue
- Science
- Published
- 2013-01-18
- Volume
- 339
- Issue
- 6117
- Pages
- 328-332
- ISSN
- 0036-8075 (ISSN-L)
- 1095-9203
- OpenAlex
- W2026487158
- Cited by
- 555
- References
- 2
- Citations by year
- 2026: 17 · 2025: 37 · 2024: 31 · 2023: 31 · 2022: 39 · 2021: 52 · 2020: 41 · 2019: 48 · 2018: 41 · 2017: 38 · 2016: 48 · 2015: 54 · 2014: 45 · 2013: 31 · 2012: 1
- FWCI
- 31.79
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- nbn-resolving.de
- Locations
- Science (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- KOPS (University of Konstanz) (submittedVersion)
- IRIS (submittedVersion)
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- SERVAL (Université de Lausanne) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Science Foundation
- Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft
- Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung (143841, 130488, 127474, 31003A)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Chemokine receptors and signaling
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Lymphatic System and Diseases
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Axon Guidance and Neuronal Signaling
- Keywords
- dendritic cell migration, CCL21, chemokine gradients, haptotaxis, lymphatic vessels, lymphatic endothelial cells, heparan sulfate, directional cell migration, skin, lymphocyte homing
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Chemotaxis, Dendritic Cells, Heparitin Sulfate, Heparan Sulfate, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Mice, Mutant Strains, Skin, Lymphatic Vessels, Mice, Receptors, CCR7, Chemokine CCL19, Chemokine CCL21, Immobilized Proteins
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