Income inequality in the developing world
Abstract
Should income inequality be of concern in developing countries? New data reveal less income inequality in the developing world than 30 years ago. However, this is due to falling inequality between countries. Average inequality within developing countries has been slowly rising, though staying fairly flat since 2000. As a rule, higher rates of growth in average incomes have not put upward pressure on inequality within countries. Growth has generally helped reduce the incidence of absolute poverty, but less so in more unequal countries. High inequality also threatens to stall future progress against poverty by attenuating growth prospects. Perceptions of rising absolute gaps in living standards between the rich and the poor in growing economies are also consistent with the evidence.
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Within-country inequality is on the rise in virtually every country.
“Notably, whereas global between-country income inequality has dropped as a consequence of (slow) economic convergence, within-country inequality is on the rise in virtually every country (75,76).”
From Vicious Circles: Violence, Vulnerability, and Climate Change (2021) · cites this paper as [75]
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- Authors
- Ravallion, M.
- Affiliations
- National Bureau of Economic Research (US)
- Corresponding author
- Ravallion, Martin
- ORCID
- Ravallion, Martin
- Venue
- Science
- Published
- 2014-05-23
- Volume
- 344
- Issue
- 6186
- Pages
- 851-855
- ISSN
- 0036-8075 (ISSN-L)
- 1095-9203
- OpenAlex
- W2034170501
- Cited by
- 294
- References
- 20
- Citations by year
- 2026: 11 · 2025: 41 · 2024: 29 · 2023: 42 · 2022: 17 · 2021: 45 · 2020: 26 · 2019: 22 · 2018: 17 · 2017: 18 · 2016: 10 · 2015: 10 · 2014: 6
- FWCI
- 47.80
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Science (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Income, Poverty, and Inequality
- Social Sciences › Economics, Econometrics and Finance › General Economics, Econometrics and Finance › Economic Theory and Policy
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Information Systems › Economic Growth and Development
- Keywords
- income inequality, developing countries, within-country inequality, cross-national differences, economic growth, absolute poverty, poverty reduction, living standards, inequality trends
- MeSH terms
- Developing Countries, Humans, Income, Poverty, Socioeconomic Factors
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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