Cited by 441Neuroscience and Neural EngineeringTactile and Sensory InteractionsPain Management and Treatment

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Artificial Vision for the Blind: Electrical Stimulation of Visual Cortex Offers Hope for a Functional Prosthesis

Dobelle, W. H., Mladejovsky, M. G., Girvin, J. P.·1974·Science

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Abstract

Electrical stimulation of the occipital cortex resulted in discrete photic sensations or "phosphenes" in two volunteers who had been totally blind for 7 and 28 years, respectively. Stimulation of multiple electrodes allowed one patient to recognize simple patterns, including letters. Both patients made an uneventful recovery, and the success of these experiments reinforces the hope that a functional visual prosthesis can be developed, although many problems remain to be solved.

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The sensations produced by electrical stimulation of the visual cortex
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The extent of the region of occipital cortex that when stimulated gives phosphenes fixed in the visual field.
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Donaldson, P. E. K. (1973) · Proceedings of the Institution of Electrical Engineers · doi:10.1049/piee.1973.0061 · Cited by 58

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Hoover R. E. symposium at the 78th annual meeting of the American Academy of Ophthalmology Dallas Texas 17 September (1973).

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Authors: Dobelle, W. H., Mladejovsky, M. G., & Girvin, J. P.
Affiliations: University of Utah (US)
Western University (CA)
Venue: Science
Publisher: American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
Published: 1974-02
Volume: 183
Issue: 4123
Pages: 440-444
ISSN: 0036-8075 (ISSN-L)
1095-9203
DOI: 10.1126/science.183.4123.440
OpenAlex: W2068147451
Cited by: 440
References: 7
Citations by year: 2026: 11 · 2025: 14 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 19 · 2021: 14 · 2020: 14 · 2019: 11 · 2018: 16 · 2017: 14 · 2016: 18 · 2015: 18 · 2014: 16 · 2013: 10 · 2012: 16
FWCI: 2.79
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Science (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neural Engineering
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Tactile and Sensory Interactions
Health Sciences › Medicine › Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine › Pain Management and Treatment
Keywords: visual prosthesis, phosphenes, total blindness, occipital cortex, pattern recognition, letter recognition, artificial vision, blind patients
MeSH terms: Adult, Blindness, Electric Stimulation, Electrodes, Implanted, Humans, Male, Visual Cortex, Visual Perception, Prostheses and Implants

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Artificial Vision for the Blind: Electrical Stimulation of Visual Cortex Offers Hope for a Functional Prosthesis

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