A Wave Dynamical Interpretation of Saturn's Polar Hexagon
Abstract
The hexagonal, pole-centered cloud feature in Saturn's northern atmosphere, as revealed in Voyager close-encounter imaging mosaics, may be interpreted as a stationary Rossby wave. The wave is embedded within a sharply peaked eastward jet (of 100 meters per second) and appears to be perturbed by at least one anticyclonic oval vortex immediately to the south. The effectively exact observational determination of the horizontal wave number and phase speed, applied to a simple model dispersion relation, suggests that the wave is vertically trapped and provides a diagnostic template for further modeling of the deep atmospheric stratification.
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The Rossby wave is vertically trapped within the region of positive static stability in Saturn's atmosphere.
“This implies that m 2 < 0, and the Rossby wave is vertically trapped within the region of positive static stability in Saturn's atmosphere in agreement with a previous analysis ( Allison et al., 1990).”
From The long‐term steady motion of Saturn's hexagon and the stability of its enclosed jet stream under seasonal changes (2014) · cites this paper as Allison et al., 1990
The meandering of the jetstream that forms the hexagon is believed to be a Rossby wave resulting from an instability of the eastward zonal jet near 78°N and trapped within a waveguide formed by the zonal jets.
“The meandering of the jetstream that forms the hexagon is believed to be a Rossby wave31 resulting from an instability of the eastward zonal jet near 78°N29,32–34 and trapped within a waveguide formed by the zonal jets.”
From A hexagon in Saturn's northern stratosphere surrounding the emerging summertime polar vortex (2018) · cites this paper as [31]
In Voyager and early HST images, the north polar spot (NPS) drifted in longitude at a similar rate as the hexagon.
“In Voyager and early HST images, a large anticyclone outside the hexagon, the so-called north polar spot (NPS), drifted in longitude at a similar rate as the hexagon”
From Saturn atmospheric dynamics one year after Cassini: Long-lived features and time variations in the drift of the Hexagon (2020) · cites this paper as Allison et al., 1990
The hexagon's drift rate, when interpreted as a phase speed with respect to the environment wind, is consistent with a Rossby wave.
“This drift rate, when interpreted as a phase speed with respect to the environment wind, is consistent with a Rossby wave (Allison et al., 1990; S´ anchez-Lavega et al., 2014).”
From Saturn atmospheric dynamics one year after Cassini: Long-lived features and time variations in the drift of the Hexagon (2020) · cites this paper as Allison et al., 1990
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- Authors
- Allison, M., Godfrey, D. A., & Beebe, R. F.
- Affiliations
- Goddard Institute for Space Studies (US)
- National Optical Astronomy Observatories, 950 North Cherry Avenue, Tucson, AZ 85726
- New Mexico State University (US)
- ORCID
- Allison, M.
- Venue
- Science
- Published
- 1990-03-02
- Volume
- 247
- Issue
- 4946
- Pages
- 1061-1063
- ISSN
- 0036-8075 (ISSN-L)
- 1095-9203
- OpenAlex
- W2068308515
- Semantic Scholar
- dfd4ae8e286c369094ead556de5766a8aacbfe3c
- Cited by
- 92
- References
- 15
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 2 · 2015: 4 · 2014: 1 · 2013: 5 · 2012: 1
- FWCI
- 3.47
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Science (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Astronomy and Astrophysics › Astro and Planetary Science
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Astronomy and Astrophysics › Ionosphere and magnetosphere dynamics
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Astronomy and Astrophysics › Stellar, planetary, and galactic studies
- Keywords
- Saturn, stationary Rossby waves, atmospheric waves, eastward jet, anticyclonic vortices, phase velocity, atmospheric stratification
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