The DOI matches its Crossref record; 4 of the 4 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Complexity in Biological Signaling Systems
Open accessAbstract
Biological signaling pathways interact with one another to form complex networks. Complexity arises from the large number of components, many with isoforms that have partially overlapping functions; from the connections among components; and from the spatial relationship between components. The origins of the complex behavior of signaling networks and analytical approaches to deal with the emergent complexity are discussed here.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
A synaptic model of memory: long-term potentiation in the hippocampus
Bliss, T. V. P., & Collingridge, G. L. (1993) · Nature · doi:10.1038/361031a0 · Cited by 11,566
Inositol trisphosphate and calcium signalling
Berridge, M. J. (1993) · Nature · doi:10.1038/361315a0 · Cited by 6,545
Ultrasensitivity in the mitogen-activated protein kinase cascade.
Huang, C. Y., & Ferrell, J. E. (1996) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.93.19.10078 · Cited by 1,186
A Mammalian Scaffold Complex That Selectively Mediates MAP Kinase Activation
Whitmarsh, A. J., Cavanagh, J., Tournier, C., Yasuda, J., & Davis, R. J. (1998) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.281.5383.1671 · Cited by 652
Cited by
Systems biology: a brief overview
Kitano, H. (2002) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1069492 · Cited by 4,265
Computational systems biology.
Kitano, H. (2002) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature01254 · Cited by 2,209
A N EW A PPROACH TO D ECODING L IFE : Systems Biology
Ideker, T., Galitski, T., & Hood, L. (2001) · Annual Review of Genomics and Human Genetics · doi:10.1146/annurev.genom.2.1.343 · Cited by 1,664
Degeneracy and complexity in biological systems
Edelman, G. M., & Gally, J. A. (2001) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.231499798 · Cited by 1,493
Similar network activity from disparate circuit parameters
Prinz, A. A., Bucher, D., & Marder, E. (2004) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn1352 · Cited by 1,091
Metadata
- Authors
- Weng, G., Bhalla, U. S., & Iyengar, R.
- Venue
- Science
- Published
- 1999-04-02
- Volume
- 284
- Issue
- 5411
- Pages
- 92-96
- ISSN
- 0036-8075 (ISSN-L)
- 1095-9203
- OpenAlex
- W2094831175
- Cited by
- 609
- References
- 4
- FWCI
- 15.12
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Complexity in Biological Signaling Systems. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1126/science.284.5411.92
- The paper
- Weng, G., Bhalla, U. S., & Iyengar, R. (1999). Complexity in Biological Signaling Systems. Science. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.284.5411.92
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
