The DOI matches its Crossref record; 27 of the 27 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Nonoxidative Glucose Consumption During Focal Physiologic Neural Activity
Abstract
Brain glucose uptake, oxygen metabolism, and blood flow in humans were measured with positron emission tomography, and a resting-state molar ratio of oxygen to glucose consumption of 4.1:1 was obtained. Physiological neural activity, however, increased glucose uptake and blood flow much more (51 and 50 percent, respectively) than oxygen consumption (5 percent) and produced a molar ratio for the increases of 0.4:1. Transient increases in neural activity cause a tissue uptake of glucose in excess of that consumed by oxidative metabolism, acutely consume much less energy than previously believed, and regulate local blood flow for purposes other than oxidative metabolism.
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Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
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In the citing paper
“Supporting this glycolytic shift hypothesis, PET studies in humans have reported increased cerebral blood flow and glucose utilization without a corresponding rise in oxygen consumption during REM sleep69.”
From Energy paradox in REM sleep: balancing supply and consumption in brain metabolism (2026) · cites this paper as [69]
In the citing paper
“Curiously, AG persists for at least 40 minutes following cognitive demanding task performance, despite the return of blood flow and lactate production to control levels”
From Aerobic glycolysis in the human brain is associated with development and neotenous gene expression (2014) · cites this paper as Fox et al., 1988
In the citing paper
“Uncoupling of glucose metabolism from oxygen consumption is characteristic of the brain’s response to imposed tasks (‘activation’)”
From Aerobic glycolysis in the human brain is associated with development and neotenous gene expression (2014) · cites this paper as Fox et al., 1988
In the citing paper
“The drop in OGI during brain stimulation was the first indication of some transient uncoupling of glycolysis and oxphos in the brain (Fox et al., 1988).”
From Fueling thought: Management of glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation in neuronal metabolism (2018) · cites this paper as Fox et al., 1988
In the citing paper
“However, with brain activation, glucose consumption increases much more than oxygen consumption (Fox and Raichle, 1986; Fox et al., 1988).”
From Neuronal Stimulation Triggers Neuronal Glycolysis and Not Lactate Uptake (2017) · cites this paper as Fox et al., 1988
In the citing paper
“PET studies also show that blood flow and glucose consumption are dramatically increased by brain activation, but oxygen consumption barely increases (Fox and Raichle, 1986; Fox et al., 1988).”
From Neuronal Stimulation Triggers Neuronal Glycolysis and Not Lactate Uptake (2017) · cites this paper as Fox et al., 1988
In the citing paper
“Despite the fact that both glycolysis and oxidative metabolism are elevated after stimulation, there is ample evidence that immediately after brain activation, oxygen consumption does not rise commensurate with the increases in blood flow and glucose consumption.”
From Neuronal Stimulation Triggers Neuronal Glycolysis and Not Lactate Uptake (2017) · cites this paper as Fox et al., 1988
In the citing paper
“This relationship is altered in the normal brain only when areas briefly change their activity during specific behaviors (4, 13).”
From A default mode of brain function (2001) · cites this paper as [13]
Citations
Cites
Fox, P. T., & Raichle, M. E. (1986) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.83.4.1140 · Cited by 2,056
Self-citationSiesjö, B. K. (1978) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 1,426
Brain blood flow measured with intravenous H2(15)O. II. Implementation and validation.
Raichle, M. E., Martin, W. R. W., Herscovitch, P., Mintun, M. A., & Markham, J. (1983) · PubMed · Cited by 1,015
Self-citationBrain blood flow measured with intravenous H2(15)O. I. Theory and error analysis.
Herscovitch, P., Markham, J., & Raichle, M. E. (1983) · PubMed · Cited by 835
Self-citationBrain oxygen utilization measured with O-15 radiotracers and positron emission tomography.
Mintun, M. A., Raichle, M. E., Martin, W. R. W., & Herscovitch, P. (1984) · PubMed · Cited by 608
Self-citationFox, P. T., & Raichle, M. E. (1984) · Journal of Neurophysiology · doi:10.1152/jn.1984.51.5.1109 · Cited by 500
Self-citationReivich, M., Alavi, A. A., Wolf, A. P., Fowler, J. S., Russell, J. A. G., Arnett, C. D., MacGregor, R. R., Shiue, C., Atkins, H. L., Anand, A., et al. (1985) · Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism · doi:10.1038/jcbfm.1985.24 · Cited by 415
Does the Release of Potassium from Astrocyte Endfeet Regulate Cerebral Blood Flow?
Paulson, O. B., & Newman, E. A. (1987) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.3616619 · Cited by 414
Retinotopic organization of human visual cortex mapped with positron- emission tomography
Fox, P. T., Miezin, F. M., Allman, J. M., Essen, D. C. V., & Raichle, M. E. (1987) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.07-03-00913.1987 · Cited by 364
Self-citationCerebral Metabolic and Circulatory Responses to Induced Convulsions in Animals
Plum, F., Posner, J. B., & Troy, B. P. (1968) · Archives of Neurology · doi:10.1001/archneur.1968.00470310015001 · Cited by 326
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 5
- Creutzfeldt, O., Brain Work: The Coupling of Function, Metabolism, and Blood Flow in the Brain: 22 (1975).
- HOSSMANN, K. A., JOURNAL OF CEREBRAL BLOOD FLOW & METABOLISM 7: S297 (1987).
- PENFIELD, W, RESEARCH PUBLICATIONS - ASSOCIATION FOR RESEARCH IN NERVOUS AND MENTAL DISEASE 18: 605 (1937).
- SWANSON, R.A., SOCIETY FOR NEUROSCIENCE. ABSTRACTS 13: 649 (1987).
- Van den Berg, C., Energetics and Human Information Processing: 131 (1986).
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 1,001–1,003 of 1,003
Grieve (2000) · doi:10.1002/(sici)1522-2594(200005)43:5
Self-citationJones (1999) · doi:10.1002/(sici)1522-2594(199907)42:1
Metadata
- Authors
- Fox, P. T., Raichle, M. E., Mintun, M. A., & Dence, C.
- Affiliations
- Washington University in St. Louis (US)
- Venue
- Science
- Published
- 1988-07-22
- Volume
- 241
- Issue
- 4864
- Pages
- 462-464
- ISSN
- 0036-8075 (ISSN-L)
- 1095-9203
- OpenAlex
- W1993303421
- Cited by
- 1,796
- References
- 27
- Citations by year
- 2026: 24 · 2025: 32 · 2024: 34 · 2023: 30 · 2022: 29 · 2021: 69 · 2020: 29 · 2019: 37 · 2018: 58 · 2017: 50 · 2016: 46 · 2015: 46 · 2014: 59 · 2013: 56 · 2012: 56
- FWCI
- 19.19
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Science (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (HL 13851)
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NS-07025, NS 06833)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging › Advanced MRI Techniques and Applications
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging › Medical Imaging Techniques and Applications
- Keywords
- brain glucose uptake, oxygen consumption, cerebral blood flow, neuronal activity, brain energy metabolism, local blood flow regulation
- MeSH terms
- Brain, Cerebrovascular Circulation, Energy Metabolism, Glucose, Humans, Neurons, Oxygen, Tomography, Emission-Computed, Visual Cortex, Visual Perception
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