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Is Pharma Running Out of Brainy Ideas?
Abstract
Recent cutbacks raise concerns about the future of drug development for nervous system disorders.
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“It is possible to provide realistic estimates of power and to predict the number of new associations for each increment in sample size 128,129,140”
From Genetic architectures of psychiatric disorders: the emerging picture and its implications (2012) · cites this paper as [140]
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The Infernal Alternatives of Corporate Pharmaceutical Research: Abandoning Psychiatry
Dumit, J. (2017) · Medical Anthropology · doi:10.1080/01459740.2017.1360877 · Cited by 46
“…disorders as safer bets,” says Steven Paul, who stepped down in February as executive vice president for science and technology for Eli Lilly and Co. “Their perception is that the science is a little richer and the odds are less daunting in some of these other areas,” he says (Miller 2010:502).”
BackgroundInfluentialAnimal Paradigms to Assess Cognition with Translation to Humans
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What the alcohol doctor ordered from the neuroscientist
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Something's got to give: psychiatric disease on the rise and novel drug development on the decline
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The acute effects of cannabidiol on emotional processing and anxiety: a neurocognitive imaging study
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“2011)), and major cutbacks in psychiatric drug development (Abbott 2011; Miller 2010).”
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Langlitz, N. (2022) · BioSocieties · doi:10.1057/s41292-022-00294-4 · Cited by 24
“Former NIMH director Hyman (2013) hoped that advances in psychiatric genetics would facilitate the development of new drugs.”
InfluentialPersonalized Medicine in ADHD and Depression: Use of Pharmaco-EEG
Arns, M., & Olbrich, S. (2014) · Current topics in behavioral neurosciences · doi:10.1007/7854_2014_295 · Cited by 25
“Furthermore, several large pharmaceutical companies announced that they would ‘…pull the plug on drug discovery in some areas of neuroscience…’ (Miller 2010).”
BackgroundAshton, M. M., Dean, O. M., Walker, A. J., Bortolasci, C. C., Ng, C. H., Hopwood, M., Harvey, B. H., Möller, M., McGrath, J. J., Marx, W., et al. (2019) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00115 · Cited by 25
“pharmaceutical companies, is dwindling (5, 6); as such, the investigation of novel therapeutics is both warranted, and needed.”
BackgroundFrom genes to therapeutic targets for psychiatric disorders – what to expect?
Muglia, P. (2011) · Current Opinion in Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.coph.2011.08.003 · Cited by 23
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“does not translate to a positive outcome in clinical application (Geerts, 2009; Henderson et al., 2013; Hyman, 2013; Miller, 2010).”
Kelly, J., Boyle, N. T., Cole, N., Slator, G. R., Colivicchi, M. A., Stefanini, C., Gobbo, O. L., Scalabrino, G., Ryan, S. M., Elamin, M., et al. (2014) · Neuropharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.neuropharm.2014.09.024 · Cited by 23
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“A spate of recent costly unsuccessful development pathways in central nervous system (CNS) indications, including Alzheimer’s disease and schizophrenia, have resulted in smaller companies leaving this therapeutic area, while many larger ones have dramatically downscaled their CNS development programmes or pulled out o…”
BackgroundBioBanking as the central tool for translational medicine CTM issue 2013
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“Biobanks of human patient samples tissues and blood fractions are increasingly recognized as major assets in disease research [9,10].”
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“Thus it becomes imperative to look for novel therapies based on natural products [14].”
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Human iPSC-Derived Neurons with Reliable Synapses and Large Presynaptic Action Potentials
Bullmann, T., Kaas, T., Ritzau‐Jost, A., Whner, A., Kirmann, T., Rizalar, F. S., Holzer, M., Nerlich, J., Puchkov, D., Geis, C., et al. (2024) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.0971-23.2024 · Cited by 22
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“In fact, orphan drugs for RND and inborn errors of metabolism dominate nononcological orphan drugs in both the United 2-4 and the European Union 5 New therapies such as gene therapy are promising but also pose new academic, regulatory, and fi nancial challenges These challenges include lack of evidence on (long-term) s…”
BackgroundBack to the future of psychopharmacology: A perspective on animal models in drug discovery
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“Now that large pharmaceutical companies restrict their CNS drug development because of the low chance of success (Miller, 2010), maybe academia can be the throttle letting the drug pipeline roar again.”
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Niciu, M. J., Mathews, D. C., Ionescu, D. F., Richards, E. M., Furey, M. L., Yuan, P., Nugent, A. C., Henter, I. D., Machado‐Vieira, R., & Zarate, C. A. (2014) · Archives of Clinical Psychiatry (São Paulo) · doi:10.1590/0101-60830000000027 · Cited by 18
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“For several reasons there has been paucity in the development of molecules with novel mechanisms of action for bipolar mania and schizophrenia reaching clinical practice [Miller, 2010; Williams, 2011].”
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“8 To reinvigorate research, it may be necessary to take a more refined technological approach to the study of disease symptoms and treatment.”
Mental health burden and unmet needs for treatment: a call for justice
Dakić, T. (2019) · The British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.2019.254 · Cited by 16
Novorolsky, R. J., Kasheke, G. D. S., Hakim, A. M., Földvári, M., Dorighello, G. G., Sekler, I., Vuligonda, V., Sanders, M. E., Renden, R., Wilson, J. J., et al. (2023) · Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fncel.2023.1226630 · Cited by 18
“Most putative neuroprotective and restorative drugs fail in the clinic because of lack of efficacy (Cheng et al., 2004; Miller, 2010; Choi et al., 2014).”
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Impact of human CA8 on thermal antinociception in relation to morphine equivalence in mice
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Short-circuiting biology: Digital phenotypes, digital biomarkers, and shifting gazes in psychiatry
Mulinari, S. (2023) · Big Data & Society · doi:10.1177/20539517221145680 · Cited by 13
“Top-ranking researchers (Agid et al., 2007) and pharmaceutical executives (Miller, 2010) have openly pondered the causes of and solutions to the lack of progress in diagnosing, explaining, and treating mental illness.”
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“There is concern that continued failures in clinical trials will lead the pharmaceutical industry to redirect resources away from AD drug development, as has already happened in the field of schizophrenia [4].”
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Human–Monkey Chimeras for Modeling Human Disease: Opportunities and Challenges
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“Yet, none of this research has actually translated into routine clinical interventions (Ross, Travis, and Arbuckle 2015) and pharmaceutical companies have cut back sharply on psychiatric drug research (Miller 2010).”
BackgroundSpecial issue on CNS experimental medicine
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“Nowhere has this been more profoundly experienced than in psychiatry where two large Pharma companies, GlaxoSmithKline and AstraZeneca, recently announced the closure of their discovery research divisions (Miller, 2010).”
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“Despite the advances in the technology used in drug discovery, the development of drugs for central nervous system diseases remains challenging [2,3].”
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“The need for the development of novel pharmacological compounds for depression has repeatedly been emphasized (e.g. Insel, 2015; Miller, 2010), and additional approaches in the prevention and treatment of depression are required.”
BackgroundDebunking the ethical neuroenhancement debate
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Repairing blood-CNS barriers: Future therapeutic approaches for neuropsychiatric disorders
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“This i3Neuron mitochondrial phenotypic assay offers many advantages: (1) It is performed using a homogeneous population of the target cells of interest.”
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Are omega-3 fatty acids efficacious in the treatment of depression? A review
Lange, K. W., Nakamura, Y., Zhao, H., Bai, D., & Wang, H. (2021) · Journal of Food Bioactives · doi:10.31665/jfb.2021.14265 · Cited by 9
“The need for the development of further medications for the treatment of depression has repeatedly been emphasized (Insel, 2015; Miller, 2010), as has the need for novel approaches to the prevention and therapy of depression.”
BackgroundThe Misunderstood Higher-Order Approach to ConsciousnessPreprint
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The Birth of the Psychedelic Industry: Capitalising on the Psychedelic Renaissance
Yoo, M., & Sakopoulos, S. (2024) · Future Humanities · doi:10.1002/fhu2.70004 · Cited by 9
“Enthusiasts argue that these new drugs can serve as ‘ magic bullets ’ for mental health to break-through the ongoing crisis in biopsychiatry and as symbols of enhanced lifestyles (Langlitz 2022; Miller 2010).”
Fuchs, T. A. E. (2017) · Der Nervenarzt · doi:10.1007/s00115-017-0317-z · Cited by 8
“Hier verweist man allerdings inzwischen meist auf die Tiefenhirn- oder Magnetstimulation, denn die pharmazeutische Industrie hat sich angesichts geringer Erfolgschancen bereits zu einem Großteil aus der Forschung zurückgezogen [1, 51], und auch die viel beschworene „maßgeschneiderte“, „personalisierte Psychiatrie“ auf…”
BackgroundHeart Rate Variability as a Translational Biomarker for Emotional and Cognitive Deficits
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Drug repurposing and beyond: the fundamental role of pharmacology
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“Most failures in the drug development pipeline are due to inadequate efficacy or to a lack of safety emerging in phase III clinical trials or after drug approval (Miller, 2010).”
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“Ashby’s Homeostats demonstrated general principles relevant to living things and the brain: (1) “In a large polystable system the whole reaction will be based on activations that are both numerous and widely scattered .”
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“A major hurdle to drug discovery and development, this lack of predictability has contributed to a declining interest in this therapeutic area on the part of the pharmaceutical industry [12,13].”
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“Particularly, in times where the development and the approval of new medications is decreasing and the number of patients suffering from psychiatric disorders is rising, there is a huge need for new therapeutic interventions ( Miller, 2010 ; Schenberg, 2018 ).”
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“Introduction Discovery and development of drugs for diseases of the central nervous system (CNS) represent a major challenge to the pharmaceutic industry, with a higher rate of attrition than for other therapeutic areas (Kola and Landis, 2004; Miller, 2010).”
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“Furthermore, the pharmaceutical industry is investing less in psychiatric disease research due to lower clinical success rates of drugs (Miller, 2010).”
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Possible directions for the discovery of new antidepressant
Young, S. N. (2010) · Journal of Psychiatry and Neuroscience · doi:10.1503/jpn.100169 · Cited by 2
“The situ ation is serious enough that GlaxoSmithKline and Astra Zeneca have decreased work in many areas of psychiatry, and a recent article in Science asks, “Is pharma running out of brainy ideas?”.(2) One of the problems is a lack of any clear understanding of the etiology of depression.”
BackgroundAubin, H., & Mann, K. F. (2018) · Alcoholism Clinical and Experimental Research · doi:10.1111/acer.13909 · Cited by 2
Gopalakrishnan, M., Farchione, T. R., Mathis, M. V., et al. (2020) · Psychiatric Research and Clinical Practice · doi:10.1176/appi.prcp.20200003 · Cited by 2
“Despite the growing economic and societal burden, the global pharmaceutical industry has significantly decreased its investment in new treatments for schizophrenia in recent years (2, 3).”
Consciousness, the affectome, and human life
LeDoux, J. E. (2024) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2024.105601 · Cited by 2
Validity Drifts in Psychiatric Research
Michel, M. (2024) · The British Journal for the Philosophy of Science · doi:10.1086/730534 · Cited by 3
Carlo, S. D., Mrizak, H., Valle, A. D., Lunerti, V., Kyratzi, M. O., Mammone, A., Lacorte, A., Keshishian, A., Li, M., Domi, E., et al. (2025) · Translational Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41398-025-03431-2 · Cited by 3
“These failures brought despondency in professionals working in the fi eld of psychiatric disorders in general, and of addiction in particular, and led major pharmaceutical companies to abandon drug research and development (R&D) in this fi eld as it is perceived as at high risk of business [12].”
Comments on the working group’s 2012 review of the Program
Bialer, M. (2012) · Epilepsia · doi:10.1111/j.1528-1167.2012.03682.x · Cited by 2
Sahakian, B. J., d’Angelo, L.-S. C., & Savulich, G. (2018) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108565738.007 · Cited by 2
Metadata
- Authors
- Miller, G.
- Corresponding author
- Miller, Greg
- Venue
- Science
- Published
- 2010-07-30
- Volume
- 329
- Issue
- 5991
- Pages
- 502-504
- ISSN
- 0036-8075 (ISSN-L)
- 1095-9203
- OpenAlex
- W2075757880
- Cited by
- 284
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 8 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 13 · 2023: 11 · 2022: 24 · 2021: 14 · 2020: 12 · 2019: 23 · 2018: 15 · 2017: 25 · 2016: 11 · 2015: 25 · 2014: 18 · 2013: 21 · 2012: 31
- Type
- other
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Science (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Economics, Econometrics and Finance › Economics and Econometrics › Pharmaceutical Economics and Policy
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Issues, ethics and legal aspects › Pharmaceutical industry and healthcare
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Alzheimer's disease research and treatments
- Keywords
- drug development, neurological disorders, pharmaceutical industry, research funding cuts, brain research, neuropharmacology
- MeSH terms
- Mental Disorders, Central Nervous System Agents, Central Nervous System Diseases, Clinical Trials as Topic, Drug Industry, Humans, Drug Approval, Access to Information, Biomedical Research, Drug Discovery, Public-Private Sector Partnerships
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