CoChat
Sign Up
Cited by 422

The DOI matches its Crossref record.

Age of the Earliest Known Hominids in Java, Indonesia

Swisher, C. C., Curtis, G. H., Jacob, T., Getty, A. G., Suprijo, A., Widiasmoro·1994·Science
DOI 10.1126/science.8108729
Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

40 Ar/ 39 Ar laser-incremental heating of hornblende separated from pumice recovered at two hominid sites in Java, Indonesia, has yielded well-defined plateaus with weighted mean ages of 1.81 ± 0.04 and 1.66 ± 0.04 million years ago (Ma). The hominid fossils, a juvenile calvaria of Pithecanthropus and a partial face and cranial fragments of Meganthropus , commonly considered part of the Asian Homo erectus hypodigm, are at least 0.6 million years older than fossils referred to as Homo erectus (OH-9) from Olduvai Gorge, Tanzania, and comparable in age with the oldest Koobi Fora Homo cf. erectus ( Homo ergaster ) in Kenya. These ages lend further credence to the view that Homo erectus may have evolved outside of Africa. If the ancestor of Homo erectus ventured out of Africa before 1.8 Ma, the dispersal would have predated the advent of the Acheulean culture at 1.4 Ma, possibly explaining the absence of these characteristic stone cleavers and hand axes in East Asia.

Overview

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1126/science.8108729

Cites

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Verification

Claims the paper makes

This paper’s full text isn’t openly available, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Citations

Cites

No references could be resolved yet.

Research works printed but not linked: 58

  1. ANDREWS, P, COURIER FORSCHUNGSINSTITUT SENCKENBERG 69: 167 (1984).
  2. ANDREWS, P.J., NEW SCIENTIST 3: 24 (1984).
  3. ASFAW, B, THE EARLIEST ACHEULEAN FROM KONSO-GARDULA, NATURE 360: 732 (1992). · DOI
  4. 10.1126/science.261.5123.902 · DOI
  5. Broca, P., Reliquiae acquitanicae: 97 (1865).
  6. Campbell, B. G., Classification and Human Evolution: 50 (1964).
  7. Cande, S. C., Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth 97: 13917 (1992). · DOI
  8. CEBULA, G. T., TERRA COGNITA 6: 139 (1986).
  9. DALRYMPLE, G.B., CRITICAL TABLES FOR CONVERSION OF K-AR AGES FROM OLD TO NEW CONSTANTS, GEOLOGY 7: 558 (1979).
  10. DEINO, A, AR-40/AR-39 AGE CALIBRATION OF THE LITHOMAGNETIC AND PALEOMAGNETIC STRATIGRAPHIES OF THE NGORORA FORMATION, KENYA, JOURNAL OF GEOLOGY 98: 567 (1990). · DOI
  11. DEINO, A, JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH AND PLANETS 95: 8453 (1990). · DOI
  12. de Vos, J., Ancestors: The Hard Evidence: 215 (1985).
  13. DUBOIS, E, Pithecanthripus erectus du pliocene de Java, BULLETIN DE LA SOCIETE BELGE DE GEOLOGIE, DE PALEONTOLOGIE ET D'HYDROLOGIE 9: 151 (1995).
  14. DUBOIS, E, VERSLAG HET MIJNWEZE 3: 10 (1892).
  15. DUYFJES, J, DIENST V D MIJN NED 1: 1 (1938).
  16. DUYFJES, J, INGENIEUR IN NEDERLANDSCH INDIE 3: 136 (1936).
  17. FEIBEL, C.S., STRATIGRAPHIC CONTEXT OF FOSSIL HOMINIDS FROM THE OMO GROUP DEPOSITS - NORTHERN TURKANA BASIN, KENYA AND ETHIOPIA, AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 78: 595 (1989). · DOI
  18. FLECK, R.J., INTERPRETATION OF DISCORDANT AR-40-AR39 AGE-SPECTRA OF MESOZOIC THOLEIITES FROM ANTARCTICA, GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA 41: 15 (1977). · DOI
  19. Franzen, J. L., Ancestors: The Hard Evidence: 221 (1985).
  20. Howell, F. C., Evolution of African Mammals: 154 (1978).
  21. HYODO, M, ANTHROPOLOGICAL SCIENCE 10: 157 (1993).
  22. Itihara, M., Quaternary Geology of the Hominid Fossil-bearing Formations in Java: 11 (1985).
  23. Jacob, T., Contributions of the University of California Archaeological Research Facility 11: 50 (1971).
  24. Jacob, T., Current Argument on Early Man: 170 (1980).
  25. JACOB, T, PALAEOANTHROPOLOGICAL DISCOVERIES IN INDONESIA WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO FINDS OF LAST 2 DECADES, JOURNAL OF HUMAN EVOLUTION 2: 473 (1973). · DOI
  26. King, W., The Reputed Fossil Man of the Neanderthal, Quarterly Journal of Science 1: 88 (1864).
  27. Kumai, H., Quaternary Geology of the Hominid Fossil-bearing Formations in Java: 55 (1985).
  28. LEAKEY, L.S., AGE OF BED I, OLDUVAI GORGE, TANGANYIKA, NATURE 191: 478 (1961). · DOI
  29. Matsu'ura, S., Proceedings of the Tenth Congress of the International Primatological Society 1: 115 (1986).
  30. MOVIUS, H.L., T AM PHILOS SOC 38: 329 (1948). · DOI
  31. NINKOVICH, D, ABSOLUTE AGE OF BASE OF HOMINID-BEARING BEDS IN EASTERN JAVA, NATURE 275: 306 (1978). · DOI
  32. Orchiston, D. W., Modern Quaternary Research in Southeast Asia 7: 131 (1982).
  33. POPE, G.G., RECENT ADVANCES IN FAR EASTERN PALEOANTHROPOLOGY, ANNUAL REVIEW OF ANTHROPOLOGY 17: 43 (1988). · DOI
  34. Pope, G. G., The Evolution of the East Asian Environment 1: 822 (1984).
  35. POPE, G.G., Modern Quaternary Research in Southeast Asia 9: 65 (1985).
  36. 10.1126/science.253.5016.176 · DOI
  37. Rightmire G. P. The Evolution of Homo erectus (1990). · DOI
  38. SAMSON, S.D., CALIBRATION OF THE INTERLABORATORY AR-40 AR-39 DATING STANDARD, MMHB-1, CHEMICAL GEOLOGY 66: 27 (1987).
  39. Sartono, S., Congres International de Paleontologie Humaine: 491 (1982).
  40. Sartono, S, Modern Quaternary Research in Southeast Asia 4: 19 (1978).
  41. Sartono, S, Modern Quaternary Research in Southeast Asia 8: 129 (1984).
  42. Sartono, S, Modern Quaternary Research in Southeast Asia 9: 115 (1985).
  43. Sartono, S, Modern Quaternary Research in Southeast Asia 6: 91 (1981).
  44. SEMAH, F, ANTHROPOLOGIE 85/86: 509 (1982).
  45. Semah, F., Congres International de Paleontologie Humaine: 542 (1982).
  46. Semah, F., Modern Quaternary Research in Southeast Asia 6: 103 (1981).
  47. Semah, F., Modern Quaternary Research in Southeast Asia 7: 151 (1982).
  48. Shimizu, Y., Quaternary Geology of the Hominid Fossil-bearing Formations in Java: 275 (1985).
  49. STEIGER, R.H., SUBCOMMISSION ON GEOCHRONOLOGY - CONVENTION ON USE OF DECAY CONSTANTS IN GEOCHRONOLOGY AND COSMOCHRONOLOGY, EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCE LETTERS 36: 359 (1977). · DOI
  50. STRINGER, C. B., The Dating of European Middle Pleistocene Hominids and the Existence of Homo erectus in Europe, ANTHROPOLOGIE 19: 3 (1981).
  51. Stringer, C. B., Hominid Evolution and Community Ecology: 55 (1984).
  52. 10.1126/science.249.4970.760 · DOI
  53. 10.1126/science.257.5072.954 · DOI · Paper page
  54. Taylor J. R. An Introduction to Error Analysis (1982). · DOI
  55. VON KOENIGSWALD, GHR, INGENIEUR IN NEDERLANDSCH INDIE 3: 149 (1936).
  56. von Koenigswald, G. H. R., Proceedings of the VIII International Congress of the Anthropological Ethnology Society 1968 1: 104 (1969).
  57. WEIDENREICH, F, AM ANTHROPOL 42: 375 (1940). · DOI
  58. WOOD, B, ORIGIN AND EVOLUTION OF THE GENUS HOMO, NATURE 355: 783 (1992). · DOI

Cited by

Sorted by citations

Metadata

Authors
Swisher, C. C., Curtis, G. H., Jacob, T., Getty, A. G., Suprijo, A., & Widiasmoro
Venue
Science
Publisher
American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
Published
1994-02-25
Volume
263
Issue
5150
Pages
1118-1121
ISSN
  • 0036-8075
  • 1095-9203
DOI
10.1126/science.8108729
Cited by
422
References
0
Language
en

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review