Dimethyl fumarate targets GAPDH and aerobic glycolysis to modulate immunity
Open accessAbstract
Immunometabolism as therapeutic target: Dimethyl fumarate (DMF) is an immunomodulatory compound used to treat multiple sclerosis and psoriasis whose mechanisms of action remain only partially understood. Kornberg et al. found that DMF and its metabolite, monomethyl fumarate, succinate the glycolytic enzyme GAPDH (see the Perspective by Matsushita and Pearce). After DMF treatment, GAPDH was inactivated, and aerobic glycolysis was down-regulated in both myeloid and lymphoid cells. This resulted in down-modulated immune responses because inflammatory immune-cell subsets require aerobic glycolysis. Thus, metabolism can serve as a viable therapeutic target in autoimmune disease. Science , this issue p. 449 ; see also p. 377
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Fumarate inhibits a variety of α-KGDDs.
“As mentioned, fumarate also inhibits a variety of α-KGDDs, enzymes involved in multiple cellular processes, from metabolism to signalling and epigenetics90-92”
From Coupling Krebs cycle metabolites to signalling in immunity and cancer (2018) · cites this paper as [92]
Fumarate acts as a powerful inhibitor of the TET family of DNA demethylases and of a series of histone demethylases.
“Recent data demonstrated that fumarate acts as a powerful inhibitor of the TET family of DNA demethylases and of a series of histone demethylases91,92.”
From Coupling Krebs cycle metabolites to signalling in immunity and cancer (2018) · cites this paper as [92]
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- Authors
- Kornberg, M. D., Bhargava, P., Kim, P. M., Putluri, V., Snowman, A. M., Putluri, N., Calabresi, P. A., & Snyder, S. H.
- Affiliations
- Johns Hopkins University (US)
- Baylor College of Medicine (US)
- Corresponding author
- Snyder, Solomon H.
- ORCID
- Venue
- Science
- Published
- 2018-04-27
- Volume
- 360
- Issue
- 6387
- Pages
- 449-453
- ISSN
- 0036-8075 (ISSN-L)
- 1095-9203
- PMC
- PMC5924419
- OpenAlex
- W2794813666
- Cited by
- 687
- References
- 38
- Citations by year
- 2026: 66 · 2025: 74 · 2024: 73 · 2023: 99 · 2022: 101 · 2021: 87 · 2020: 91 · 2019: 68 · 2018: 25 · 2014: 1
- FWCI
- 20.43
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Science (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (R01CA220297)
- American Cancer Society (127430-RSG-15-105-01-CNE)
- National Cancer Institute (P30CA125123)
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (RFA-NS-12-003, R37 NS041435)
- Baylor College of Medicine
- Cancer Prevention and Research Institute of Texas (RP170005)
- U.S. Public Health Service (MH18501)
- American Academy of Neurology (FAN 17107-A-1)
- National Multiple Sclerosis Society (FAN 17107-A-1, TA-1503-03465)
- Race to Erase MS
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cancer Research › Cancer, Hypoxia, and Metabolism
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Immune cells in cancer
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › T-cell and B-cell Immunology
- Keywords
- dimethyl fumarate, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, aerobic glycolysis, Warburg effect, immune cell metabolism, immunomodulation, autoimmunity, multiple sclerosis, psoriasis, myeloid cells, lymphoid cells, anti-inflammatory activity
- MeSH terms
- Dimethyl Fumarate, Animals, Autoimmune Diseases, Citric Acid Cycle, Cysteine, Glycolysis, Humans, Immunosuppressive Agents, Lymphocytes, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Succinates, Autoimmunity, Myeloid Cells, Glyceraldehyde-3-Phosphate Dehydrogenase (Phosphorylating), Mice
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