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Engrams and causal specificity

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Long-lived adult-born hippocampal neurons promote successful cognitive aging

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A Review of Short-Term, Long-Term, and Memory Consolidation Mechanisms in the Hippocampus and Cerebral Cortex

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Neurochemical memory diversification towards liquid reinforcement learning

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Neuropeptide Y co-opts neuronal ensembles for memory lability and stability

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New research tools suggest a “levels-less” image of the behaving organism and dissolution of the reduction vs. anti-reduction dispute

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Learning what matters: Synaptic plasticity with invariance to second-order input correlations

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Spatially resolved transcriptomic signatures of hippocampal subregions and Arc-expressing ensembles in active place avoidance memory

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Associative memory cells of encoding fear signals and anxiety are recruited by neuroligin-3-mediated synapse formation

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The Interaction Between Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorder and Nutrition

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Cancer memory as a mechanism to establish malignancy

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Synaptic Plasticity in the Hippocampus

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Engram and ecphory: the performing pianist and retrieval of memory

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The Role of Cerebellar Intrinsic Neuronal Excitability, Synaptic Plasticity, and Perineuronal Nets in Eyeblink Conditioning

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A Computational Framework for Memory Engrams

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The Suprapyramidal and Infrapyramidal Blades of the Dentate Gyrus Exhibit Different GluN Subunit Content and Dissimilar Frequency‐Dependent Synaptic Plasticity In Vivo

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Toward Building Human-Like Sequential Memory Using Brain-Inspired Spiking Neural Models

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Refinement of efficient encodings of movement in the dorsolateral striatum throughout learning

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Fear Conditioning in Laboratory Rodents

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Uncovering the Secrets of the Concept of Place in Cognitive Maps Aided by Artificial Intelligence

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Connectivity and Excitability Shape Seizure Circuits

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Perception of color in primates: A conceptual color neurons hypothesis

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Implementation of Associative Memory Learning in Mobile Robots Using Neuromorphic Computing

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Intentional forgetting in excessive behavior: direct suppression and thought substitution

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Constructing condensed memories in functorial time

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Kinding memory: Commentary on Muhammad Ali Khalidi's Cognitive ontology

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Hippocampal Trauma Memory Processing Conveying Susceptibility to Traumatic Stress

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Hippocampal engrams generate flexible behavioral responses and brain-wide network statesPreprint

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Prelimbic cortex ensembles promote appetitive learning-associated behaviorPreprint

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Epigenetic control of memory formation

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Developmental emergence of sparse and structured synaptic connectivity in the hippocampal CA3 memory circuit

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Thalamic cells and pathway for social memory processing and storage

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Why are threatening experiences remembered so well? Insights into memory strengthening from protocols of gradual aversive learning

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Molecular mechanisms mediating engram ensemble retrievability state in mice

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Adaptive episodic memory: how multiple memory representations drive behavior in humans and nonhumans

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Innate immunity in neurons makes memories persist

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Understanding Others’ Distress Through Past Experiences: The Role of Memory Engram Cells in Observational Fear

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Segregation-to-integration transformation model of memory evolution

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Neuromodulation of Fear and Anxiety Circuits

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Thoughtseeds: A Hierarchical and Agentic Framework for Investigating Thought Dynamics in Meditative States

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What are memories made of? A survey of neuroscientists on the structural basis of long-term memory

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Selective inhibition in CA3: A mechanism for stable pattern completion through heterosynaptic plasticity

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Long‐Term Memory Engrams From Development to Adulthood

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Oxytocin attenuates the retrieval of methamphetamine-associated reward memories by enhancing adult hippocampal neurogenesis in mice

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Extinction and subsequent updating of innate fear responses to a visual looming stimulus rely on hippocampus-dependent mechanisms

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Parallel neuronal structural plasticity with memory trace formation in the orbitofrontal cortex

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In Search of the Cultural Engram

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Determining the optimal expression method for dual-color imaging

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Transsynaptic Long-Term Potentiation in the Hippocampus of Behaving Mice

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“World-Informed” Neuroscience for Diversity and Inclusion: An Organizational Change in Cognitive Sciences

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Necessity and recruitment of cue-specific neuronal ensembles within the basolateral amygdala during appetitive reversal learning

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Anti-Hebbian plasticity in the motor cortex promotes defensive freezing

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Fear response of rat pups to a non‐aversive social stimulus: Evidence for the involvement of memory processes

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In Situ Reprogramming of Neurons and Glia – A Risk in Altering Memory and Personality?

Tang, B. L. (2023) · AJOB Neuroscience · doi:10.1080/21507740.2023.2257159 · Cited by 3

Emotional Value of Fear Memory and the Role of the Ventral Hippocampus in Systems Consolidation

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Accumulation of NMDA receptors in accumbal neuronal ensembles mediates increased conditioned place preference for cocaine after prolonged withdrawal

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Reactivation of encoding ensembles in the prelimbic cortex supports temporal associations

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Synaptic Engram

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Duration of aversive memory in zebrafish after a single shock

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Hippocampus encoding memory engrams as stable heteroclinic network

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Auditory cortical neurons are recruited to encode fear signals and anxiety by neuroligin-3-mediated synapse formation

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PKMζ Maintains Remote Contextual Fear Memory by Inhibiting GluA2-Dependent AMPA Receptor Endocytosis in the Prelimbic Cortex

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cFos ensembles in the dentate gyrus rapidly segregate over time and do not form a stable map of spacePreprint

Lamothe‐Molina, P. J., Franzelin, A., Beck, L., Li, D., Auksutat, L., Fieblinger, T., Laprell, L., Ahlbeck, J., Gee, C. E., Kneussel, M., et al. (2020) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2020.08.29.273391 · Cited by 3

Optogenetic Manipulation of Maladaptive Memory – New Challenges or New Solutions for Personal Authenticity?

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Personality and Authenticity in Light of the Memory-Modifying Potential of Optogenetics: A Reply to Objections about Potential Therapeutic Applicability of Optogenetics

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Neural correlates for neonicotinoid-induced impairment of olfactory long-term memoryPreprint

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Remote memory engrams are controlled by encoding-specific tau phosphorylationPreprint

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Natural forgetting reversibly modulates engram expressionPreprint

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A developmental brain-wide screen identifies retrosplenial cortex as a key player in the emergence of persistent memoryPreprint

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Slow Oscillations Modulate Functional Brain Changes Supporting Working MemoryPreprint

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Cellular and circuit features distinguish mouse dentate gyrus semilunar granule cells and granule cells activated during contextual memory formation

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Dimorphic neural network architecture prioritizes sexual-related behaviors in male Caenorhabditis elegans

Wang, X., Liu, H., Yang, W., Yang, J., Sun, X., Liu, Q., Zhu, Y., Sun, Y., Liu, C., Shi, G.-Y., et al. (2025) · eLife · doi:10.1101/2024.12.13.628461 · Cited by 3

Ultrasound imaging of in situ transcriptional activity in opaque tissuePreprint

Shivaei, S., Cheung, K. Y. M., Yadav, A., Hurvitz, I. U., Lee, S., Revilla, J., Rabut, C., Criado-Hidalgo, E., Zhang, R. J., & Shapiro, M. G. (2025) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2025.07.06.663365 · Cited by 4

Cellular and circuit features distinguish dentate gyrus semilunar granule cells and granule cells activated during contextual memory formationPreprint

Dovek, L., Ahmadi, M., Marrero, K., Zagha, E., & Santhakumar, V. (2025) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.101428.2 · Cited by 2

Learning induces persistent chromatin loops underlying robust gene expression during memory recallPreprint

Xu, P., Chandradoss, K. R., Lukasak, B. J., Paranjapye, A., Waldman, A. J., Pham, K., Ryu, H.-S., Liu, C., Titus, K. R., Sureka, R., et al. (2025) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2025.09.30.678146 · Cited by 3

Pre-existing and emergent cortical neuronal assembly sequences during learningPreprint

Pemberton, L. N., Jeong, H., & Namboodiri, V. M. K. (2025) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2025.11.12.688154 · Cited by 3

Memory traces bias new learning for hippocampal generalizationPreprint

Qian, F. K., Li, G., Lipshutz, D., Romani, S., & Magee, J. C. (2025) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2025.11.24.690297 · Cited by 7

Active Filtering: A Predictive Function of Recurrent Circuits of Sensory Cortex

Histed, M. H. (2025) · Annual Review of Vision Science · doi:10.1146/annurev-vision-101922-041523 · Cited by 9

Heroes of the Engram

Josselyn, S. A., Köhler, S., & Frankland, P. W. (2017) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.0056-17.2017 · Cited by 134

What is memory? The present state of the engram

Poo, M.-M., Pignatelli, M., Ryan, T. J., Tonegawa, S., Bonhoeffer, T., Martin, K. C., Rudenko, A., Tsai, L., Tsien, R. W., Fishell, G., et al. (2016) · BMC Biology · doi:10.1186/s12915-016-0261-6 · Cited by 409

Engram cell connectivity: an evolving substrate for information storage

Ryan, T. J., Luis, C. O. S., Pezzoli, M., & Sen, S. (2021) · Current Opinion in Neurobiology · doi:10.1016/j.conb.2021.01.006 · Cited by 41

Engram neurons: Encoding, consolidation, retrieval, and forgetting of memory

Guskjolen, A. J., & Cembrowski, M. S. (2023) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41380-023-02137-5 · Cited by 161

Memory Engram Cells Have Come of Age

Tonegawa, S., Liu, X., Ramirez, S., & Redondo, R. L. (2015) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2015.08.002 · Cited by 661