Deep magma ocean formation set the oxidation state of Earth’s mantle
Abstract
Deep divide in fate of iron: A large component of Earth's atmosphere comes from the interior, where the gas species are dictated by the redox state of the mantle. After formation of Earth's iron core, the mantle became several orders of magnitude more oxidized. Armstrong et al. conducted a set of experiments looking at the redox state of silicate melt representative of Earth's early magma oceans. They found that at some depth, iron oxide disproportionates into iron(III) oxide and metallic iron. The reduced iron sinks to the core, leaving an oxidized rocky mantle that emits carbon dioxide and water instead of more reduced species. Science , this issue p. 903
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The Hadean atmosphere and mantle were probably initially highly reducing, before subsequent oxidation either by hydrogen escape or disproportionation of mantle FeO accompanied by Fe loss to the core.
“Therefore, the Hadean atmosphere and mantle were probably initially highly reducing, before subsequent oxidation either by hydrogen escape (29) or disproportionation of mantle FeO accompanied by Fe loss to the core (30, 31).”
From The Archean atmosphere (2020) · cites this paper as [31]
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Volatile atmospheres of lava worlds
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Role of Magma Oceans in Controlling Carbon and Oxygen of Sub-Neptune Atmospheres
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A mineralogical reason why all exoplanets cannot be equally oxidizing
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Possible Atmospheric Diversity of Low Mass Exoplanets – Some Central Aspects
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An Oxidation Gradient Straddling the Small Planet Radius Valley
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Element loss to platinum capsules in high temperature pressure experiments
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Reduced Late Bombardment on Rocky Exoplanets around M Dwarfs
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The Effect of Inefficient Accretion on Planetary Differentiation
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Interior Controls on the Habitability of Rocky Planets
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Long-term reduced lunar mantle revealed by Chang’e-5 basalt
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Oxygen controls on magmatism in rocky exoplanets
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H2-H2O immiscibility in Earth’s upper mantle
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Redox state and interior structure control on the long-term habitability of stagnant-lid planets
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Chapter 4: A Geological and Chemical Context for the Origins of Life on Early Earth
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A primordial atmospheric origin of hydrospheric deuterium enrichment on Mars
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Nitrogen sequestration in the core at megabar pressure and implications for terrestrial accretion
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Pressure Destabilizes Oxygen Vacancies in Bridgmanite
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Tetracarbonates in silicate melts may be at the origin of a deep carbon reservoir in the deep Earth
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Chapter 1: The Astrobiology Primer 3.0
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Contribution of the Moon-forming Impactor to the Volatile Inventory in the Bulk Silicate Earth
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Deciphering Sub-Neptune Atmospheres: New Insights from Geochemical Models of TOI-270 d
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Melting at the base of a terrestrial magma ocean controlled by oxygen fugacity
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- Authors
- Armstrong, K., Frost, D. J., McCammon, C. A., Rubie, D. C., & Boffa Ballaran, T.
- Affiliations
- University of Bayreuth (DE)
- Bayerisches Geoinstitut, University of Bayreuth, D-95447 Bayreuth, Germany.
- Corresponding author
- Frost, Daniel J.
- Venue
- Science
- Published
- 2019-08-30
- Volume
- 365
- Issue
- 6456
- Pages
- 903-906
- ISSN
- 0036-8075 (ISSN-L)
- 1095-9203
- OpenAlex
- W2970320572
- Cited by
- 197
- References
- 74
- Citations by year
- 2026: 22 · 2025: 32 · 2024: 36 · 2023: 25 · 2022: 30 · 2021: 28 · 2020: 21 · 2019: 2
- FWCI
- 13.72
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Science (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (FR 1555/10-1, GRK 2156/1)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Geophysics › High-pressure geophysics and materials
- Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Geophysics › Geological and Geochemical Analysis
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Astronomy and Astrophysics › Astro and Planetary Science
- Keywords
- magma ocean, mantle oxidation state, iron core formation, silicate melts, early Earth, core-mantle differentiation, volatile outgassing, carbon dioxide, mantle water
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