Cited by 281Social Media and PoliticsMisinformation and Its ImpactsPopulism, Right-Wing Movements

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False equivalencies: Online activism from left to right

Freelon, Deen, Marwick, Alice, Kreiss, Daniel·2020·Science

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Abstract

Digital media are critical for contemporary activism—even low-effort “clicktivism” is politically consequential and contributes to offline participation. We argue that in the United States and throughout the industrialized West, left- and right-wing activists use digital and legacy media differently to achieve political goals. Although left-wing actors operate primarily through “hashtag activism” and offline protest, right-wing activists manipulate legacy media, migrate to alternative platforms, and work strategically with partisan media to spread their messages. Although scholarship suggests that the right has embraced strategic disinformation and conspiracy theories more than the left, more research is needed to reveal the magnitude and character of left-wing disinformation. Such ideological asymmetries between left- and right-wing activism hold critical implications for democratic practice, social media governance, and the interdisciplinary study of digital politics.

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Authors: Freelon, D., Marwick, A., & Kreiss, D.
Affiliations: University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (US)
Corresponding author: Freelon, Deen
ORCID: Freelon, Deen
Marwick, Alice
Kreiss, Daniel
Venue: Science
Publisher: American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
Published: 2020-09-04
Volume: 369
Issue: 6508
Pages: 1197-1201
ISSN: 0036-8075 (ISSN-L)
1095-9203
DOI: 10.1126/science.abb2428
OpenAlex: W3082093598
Cited by: 281
References: 54
Citations by year: 2026: 29 · 2025: 52 · 2024: 55 · 2023: 43 · 2022: 64 · 2021: 37 · 2020: 1
FWCI: 12.68
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Science (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Social Sciences › Communication › Social Media and Politics
Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Misinformation and Its Impacts
Social Sciences › Political Science and International Relations › Populism, Right-Wing Movements
Keywords: digital activism, clicktivism, hashtag activism, left-wing activism, right-wing activism, disinformation, conspiracy theories, traditional media, partisan media, ideological asymmetry, social media governance, internet and politics

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False equivalencies: Online activism from left to right

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