The DOI matches its Crossref record; 54 of the 54 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Applied pesticide toxicity shifts toward plants and invertebrates, even in GM crops
Abstract
A shifting burden: In 1962, Rachel Carson's Silent Spring was published, and the world was forced to take notice of the unintended impacts of pesticides on wildlife. Since then, there has been a perceived reduction in the amount of pesticides used and a shift in the kinds of pesticides available. Schulz et al. looked at the type, amount, and toxicity of pesticides applied over the last 25 years. They found that despite decreasing total amounts applied and decreased impacts on vertebrates, toxicity—in particular to insects and aquatic invertebrates—has increased substantially. Science , this issue p. 81
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Global threats to human water security and river biodiversity
Vörösmarty, C. J., McIntyre, P. B., Gessner, M. O., Dudgeon, D., Prusevich, A., Green, P., Glidden, S., Bunn, S. E., Sullivan, C. A., Liermann, C. R., et al. (2010) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature09440 · Cited by 7,582
A modified Mann-Kendall trend test for autocorrelated data
Hamed, K. H., & Ramachandra Rao, A. (1998) · Journal of Hydrology · doi:10.1016/s0022-1694(97)00125-x · Cited by 3,897
Parallel Declines in Pollinators and Insect-Pollinated Plants in Britain and the Netherlands
Biesmeijer, J. C., Roberts, S. P. M., Reemer, M., Ohlemüller, R., Edwards, M., Peeters, T., Schaffers, A. P., Potts, S. G., Kleukers, R., Thomas, C. D., et al. (2006) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1127863 · Cited by 3,189
Soil Fertility and Biodiversity in Organic Farming
Maeder, P., Fliessbach, A., Dubois, D., Gunst, L., Fried, P., & Niggli, U. (2002) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1071148 · Cited by 2,933
An international database for pesticide risk assessments and management
Lewis, K. A., Tzilivakis, J., Warner, D. J., & Green, A. (2016) · Human and Ecological Risk Assessment: An International Journal · doi:10.1080/10807039.2015.1133242 · Cited by 2,044
A draft sequence of the rice genome (Oryza sativa L. ssp. indica) : The rice genome
Yu, J. M., Hu, S., Cao, M., Liu, J., Sun, J., & Tang, J. (2002) · Science · Cited by 1,817
How Many Species of Insects and Other Terrestrial Arthropods Are There on Earth?
Stork, N. E. (2018) · Annual Review of Entomology · doi:10.1146/annurev-ento-020117-043348 · Cited by 1,537
Future threats to biodiversity and pathways to their prevention
Tilman, D., Clark, M., Williams, D. R., Kimmel, K., Polasky, S., & Packer, C. (2017) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature22900 · Cited by 1,341
Arthropod decline in grasslands and forests is associated with landscape-level drivers
Seibold, S., Gossner, M. M., Simons, N. K., Blüthgen, N., Müller, J., Ambarlı, D., Ammer, C., Bauhus, J., Fischer, M., Habel, J. C., et al. (2019) · Nature · doi:10.1038/s41586-019-1684-3 · Cited by 1,314
Meta-analysis reveals declines in terrestrial but increases in freshwater insect abundances
van Klink, R., Bowler, D. E., Gongalsky, K. B., Swengel, A. B., Gentile, A., & Chase, J. M. (2020) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.aax9931 · Cited by 1,172
Cited by
The impact of genetically modified crops on bird diversity
Engist, D., Guzman, L. M., Larsen, A., Church, T., & Noack, F. (2024) · Nature Sustainability · doi:10.1038/s41893-024-01390-y · Cited by 11
Defarge, N., Otto, M., & Hilbeck, A. (2022) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.4172738 · Cited by 2
Glyphosate exposure and GM seed rollout unequally reduced perinatal health
Saulnier, E., & Rubin, E. (2024) · doi:10.2139/ssrn.4863595 · Cited by 1
Metadata
- Authors
- Schulz, R., Bub, S., Petschick, L. L., Stehle, S., & Wolfram, J.
- Venue
- Science
- Published
- 2021-04-02
- Volume
- 372
- Issue
- 6537
- Pages
- 81-84
- ISSN
- 0036-8075 (ISSN-L)
- 1095-9203
- OpenAlex
- W3150815067
- Cited by
- 323
- References
- 54
- FWCI
- 11.00
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Applied pesticide toxicity shifts toward plants and invertebrates, even in GM crops. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1126/science.abe1148
- The paper
- Schulz, R., Bub, S., Petschick, L. L., Stehle, S., & Wolfram, J. (2021). Applied pesticide toxicity shifts toward plants and invertebrates, even in GM crops. Science. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.abe1148
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.