A year of genomic surveillance reveals how the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic unfolded in Africa

Wilkinson, Eduan; Giovanetti, Marta; Tegally, Houriiyah; San, James E.; Lessells, Richard; Cuadros, Diego; Martin, Darren P.; Rasmussen, David A.; Zekri, Abdel-Rahman N.; Sangare, Abdoul K.; Ouedraogo, Abdoul-Salam; Sesay, Abdul K.; Priscilla, Abechi; Kemi, Adedotun-Sulaiman; Olubusuyi, Adewunmi M.; Oluwapelumi, Adeyemi O. O.; Hammami, Adnène; Amuri, Adrienne A.; Sayed, Ahmad; Ouma, Ahmed E. O.; Elargoubi, Aida; Ajayi, Nnennaya A.; Victoria, Ajogbasile F.; Kazeem, Akano; George, Akpede; Trotter, Alexander J.; Yahaya, Ali A.; Keita, Alpha K.; Diallo, Amadou; Kone, Amadou; Souissi, Amal; Chtourou, Amel; Gutierrez, Ana V.; Page, Andrew J.; Vinze, Anika; Iranzadeh, Arash; Lambisia, Arnold; Ismail, Arshad; Rosemary, Audu; Sylverken, Augustina; Femi, Ayoade; Ibrahimi, Azeddine; Marycelin, Baba; Oderinde, Bamidele S.; Bolajoko, Bankole; Dhaala, Beatrice; Herring, Belinda L.; Njanpop-Lafourcade, Berthe-Marie; Kleinhans, Bronwyn; McInnis, Bronwyn

doi:10.1126/science.abj4336

Cited by 222

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A year of genomic surveillance reveals how the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic unfolded in Africa

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Wilkinson, Eduan, Giovanetti, Marta, Tegally, Houriiyah, San, James E., Lessells, Richard, Cuadros, Diego, Martin, Darren P., Rasmussen, David A., Zekri, Abdel-Rahman N., Sangare, Abdoul K., Ouedraogo, Abdoul-Salam, Sesay, Abdul K., Priscilla, Abechi, Kemi, Adedotun-Sulaiman, Olubusuyi, Adewunmi M., Oluwapelumi, Adeyemi O. O., Hammami, Adnène, Amuri, Adrienne A., Sayed, Ahmad, Ouma, Ahmed E. O., Elargoubi, Aida, Ajayi, Nnennaya A., Victoria, Ajogbasile F., Kazeem, Akano, George, Akpede, Trotter, Alexander J., Yahaya, Ali A., Keita, Alpha K., Diallo, Amadou, Kone, Amadou, Souissi, Amal, Chtourou, Amel, Gutierrez, Ana V., Page, Andrew J., Vinze, Anika, Iranzadeh, Arash, Lambisia, Arnold, Ismail, Arshad, Rosemary, Audu, Sylverken, Augustina, Femi, Ayoade, Ibrahimi, Azeddine, Marycelin, Baba, Oderinde, Bamidele S., Bolajoko, Bankole, Dhaala, Beatrice, Herring, Belinda L., Njanpop-Lafourcade, Berthe-Marie, Kleinhans, Bronwyn, McInnis, Bronwyn, Tegomoh, Bryan, Brook, Cara, Pratt, Catherine B., Scheepers, Cathrine, Akoua-Koffi, Chantal G., Agoti, Charles N., Peyrefitte, Christophe, Daubenberger, Claudia, Morang’a, Collins M., Nokes, D. James, Amoako, Daniel G., Bugembe, Daniel L., Park, Danny, Baker, David, Doolabh, Deelan, Ssemwanga, Deogratius, Tshiabuila, Derek, Bassirou, Diarra, Amuzu, Dominic S. Y., Goedhals, Dominique, Omuoyo, Donwilliams O., Maruapula, Dorcas, Foster-Nyarko, Ebenezer, Lusamaki, Eddy K., Simulundu, Edgar, Ong’era, Edidah M., Ngabana, Edith N., Shumba, Edwin, El Fahime, Elmostafa, Lokilo, Emmanuel, Mukantwari, Enatha, Philomena, Eromon, Belarbi, Essia, Simon-Loriere, Etienne, Anoh, Etilé A., Leendertz, Fabian, Ajili, Faida, Enoch, Fakayode O., Wasfi, Fares, Abdelmoula, Fatma, Mosha, Fausta S., Takawira, Faustinos T., Derrar, Fawzi, Bouzid, Feriel, Onikepe, Folarin, Adeola, Fowotade, Muyembe, Francisca M., Tanser, Frank, Dratibi, Fred A., Mbunsu, Gabriel K., Thilliez, Gaetan, Kay, Gemma L., Githinji, George, van Zyl, Gert, Awandare, Gordon A., Schubert, Grit, Maphalala, Gugu P., Ranaivoson, Hafaliana C., Lemriss, Hajar, Anise, Happi, Abe, Haruka, Karray, Hela H., Nansumba, Hellen, Elgahzaly, Hesham A., Gumbo, Hlanai, Smeti, Ibtihel, Ayed, Ikhlas B., Odia, Ikponmwosa, Ben Boubaker, Ilhem Boutiba, Gaaloul, Imed, Gazy, Inbal, Mudau, Innocent, Ssewanyana, Isaac, Konstantinus, Iyaloo, Lekana-Douk, Jean B., Makangara, Jean-Claude C., Tamfum, Jean-Jacques M., Heraud, Jean-Michel, Shaffer, Jeffrey G., Giandhari, Jennifer, Li, Jingjing, Yasuda, Jiro, Mends, Joana Q., Kiconco, Jocelyn, Morobe, John M., Gyapong, John O., Okolie, Johnson C., Kayiwa, John T., Edwards, Johnathan A., Gyamfi, Jones, Farah, Jouali, Nakaseegu, Joweria, Ngoi, Joyce M., Namulondo, Joyce, Andeko, Julia C., Lutwama, Julius J., O’Grady, Justin, Siddle, Katherine, Adeyemi, Kayode T., Tumedi, Kefentse A., Said, Khadija M., Hae-Young, Kim, Duedu, Kwabena O., Belyamani, Lahcen, Fki-Berrajah, Lamia, Singh, Lavanya, Martins, Leonardo de O., Tyers, Lynn, Ramuth, Magalutcheemee, Mastouri, Maha, Aouni, Mahjoub, el Hefnawi, Mahmoud, Matsheka, Maitshwarelo I., Kebabonye, Malebogo, Diop, Mamadou, Turki, Manel, Paye, Marietou, Nyaga, Martin M., Mareka, Mathabo, Damaris, Matoke-Muhia, Mburu, Maureen W., Mpina, Maximillian, Nwando, Mba, Owusu, Michael, Wiley, Michael R., Youtchou, Mirabeau T., Ayekaba, Mitoha O., Abouelhoda, Mohamed, Seadawy, Mohamed G., Khalifa, Mohamed K., Sekhele, Mooko, Ouadghiri, Mouna, Diagne, Moussa M., Mwenda, Mulenga, Allam, Mushal, Phan, My V. T., Abid, Nabil, Touil, Nadia, Rujeni, Nadine, Kharrat, Najla, Ismael, Nalia, Dia, Ndongo, Mabunda, Nedio, Hsiao, Nei-yuan, Silochi, Nelson B., Nsenga, Ngoy, Gumede, Nicksy, Mulder, Nicola, Ndodo, Nnaemeka, Razanajatovo, Norosoa H, Iguosadolo, Nosamiefan, Judith, Oguzie, Kingsley, Ojide C., Sylvanus, Okogbenin, Peter, Okokhere, Femi, Oladiji, Idowu, Olawoye, Testimony, Olumade, Chukwuma, Omoruyi E., Ogah, Onwe E., Onwuamah, Chika K., Cyril, Oshomah, Faye, Ousmane, Tomori, Oyewale, Ondoa, Pascale, Combe, Patrice, Semanda, Patrick, Oluniyi, Paul E., Arnaldo, Paulo, Quashie, Peter K., Dussart, Philippe, Bester, Phillip A., Mbala, Placide K., Ayivor-Djanie, Reuben, Njouom, Richard, Phillips, Richard O., Gorman, Richmond, Kingsley, Robert A., Carr, Rosina A. A., El Kabbaj, Saâd, Gargouri, Saba, Masmoudi, Saber, Sankhe, Safietou, Lawal, Salako B., Kassim, Samar, Trabelsi, Sameh, Metha, Samar, Kammoun, Sami, Lemriss, Sanaâ, Agwa, Sara H. A., Calvignac-Spencer, Sébastien, Schaffner, Stephen F., Doumbia, Seydou, Mandanda, Sheila M., Aryeetey, Sherihane, Ahmed, Shymaa S., Elhamoumi, Siham, Andriamandimby, Soafy, Tope, Sobajo, Lekana-Douki, Sonia, Prosolek, Sophie, Ouangraoua, Soumeya, Mundeke, Steve A., Rudder, Steven, Panji, Sumir, Pillay, Sureshnee, Engelbrecht, Susan, Nabadda, Susan, Behillil, Sylvie, Budiaki, Sylvie L., van der Werf, Sylvie, Mashe, Tapfumanei, Aanniz, Tarik, Mohale, Thabo, Le-Viet, Thanh, Schindler, Tobias, Anyaneji, Ugochukwu J., Chinedu, Ugwu, Ramphal, Upasana, Jessica, Uwanibe, George, Uwem, Fonseca, Vagner, Enouf, Vincent, Gorova, Vivianne, Roshdy, Wael H., Ampofo, William K., Preiser, Wolfgang, Choga, Wonderful T., Bediako, Yaw, Naidoo, Yeshnee, Butera, Yvan, de Laurent, Zaydah R., Sall, Amadou A., Rebai, Ahmed, von Gottberg, Anne, Kouriba, Bourema, Williamson, Carolyn, Bridges, Daniel J., Chikwe, Ihekweazu, Bhiman, Jinal N., Mine, Madisa, Cotten, Matthew, Moyo, Sikhulile, Gaseitsiwe, Simani, Saasa, Ngonda, Sabeti, Pardis C., Kaleebu, Pontiano, Tebeje, Yenew K., Tessema, Sofonias K., Happi, Christian, Nkengasong, John, de Oliveira, Tulio·2021·Science

DOI 10.1126/science.abj4336

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Abstract

SARS-CoV-2 across Africa: The impact of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic has been hard to track in African countries, largely because of patchy data. Wilkinson et al . curated viral genomes collected in 2021 from several countries across the continent. Outbreaks during 2020 in each African country were initiated by imported cases, mostly from Europe. As the pandemic developed, case numbers in African countries were likely many times higher than reported, and subsequent waves of the pandemic appear to have been more severe. Consequently, high-transmission variants have emerged that have spread within the continent, and African countries must be included in global control efforts. —CA

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Authors: Wilkinson, E., Giovanetti, M., Tegally, H., San, J. E., Lessells, R., Cuadros, D., Martin, D. P., Rasmussen, D. A., Zekri, A.-R. N., Sangare, A. K., Ouedraogo, A.-S., Sesay, A. K., Priscilla, A., Kemi, A.-S., Olubusuyi, A. M., Oluwapelumi, A. O. O., Hammami, A., Amuri, A. A., Sayed, A., Ouma, A. E. O., Elargoubi, A., Ajayi, N. A., Victoria, A. F., Kazeem, A., George, A., Trotter, A. J., Yahaya, A. A., Keita, A. K., Diallo, A., Kone, A., Souissi, A., Chtourou, A., Gutierrez, A. V., Page, A. J., Vinze, A., Iranzadeh, A., Lambisia, A., Ismail, A., Rosemary, A., Sylverken, A., Femi, A., Ibrahimi, A., Marycelin, B., Oderinde, B. S., Bolajoko, B., Dhaala, B., Herring, B. L., Njanpop-Lafourcade, B.-M., Kleinhans, B., McInnis, B., Tegomoh, B., Brook, C., Pratt, C. B., Scheepers, C., Akoua-Koffi, C. G., Agoti, C. N., Peyrefitte, C., Daubenberger, C., Morang’a, C. M., Nokes, D. J., Amoako, D. G., Bugembe, D. L., Park, D., Baker, D., Doolabh, D., Ssemwanga, D., Tshiabuila, D., Bassirou, D., Amuzu, D. S. Y., Goedhals, D., Omuoyo, D. O., Maruapula, D., Foster-Nyarko, E., Lusamaki, E. K., Simulundu, E., Ong’era, E. M., Ngabana, E. N., Shumba, E., El Fahime, E., Lokilo, E., Mukantwari, E., Philomena, E., Belarbi, E., Simon-Loriere, E., Anoh, E. A., Leendertz, F., Ajili, F., Enoch, F. O., Wasfi, F., Abdelmoula, F., Mosha, F. S., Takawira, F. T., Derrar, F., Bouzid, F., Onikepe, F., Adeola, F., Muyembe, F. M., Tanser, F., Dratibi, F. A., Mbunsu, G. K., Thilliez, G., Kay, G. L., Githinji, G., van Zyl, G., Awandare, G. A., Schubert, G., Maphalala, G. P., Ranaivoson, H. C., Lemriss, H., Anise, H., Abe, H., Karray, H. H., Nansumba, H., Elgahzaly, H. A., Gumbo, H., Smeti, I., Ayed, I. B., Odia, I., Ben Boubaker, I. B., Gaaloul, I., Gazy, I., Mudau, I., Ssewanyana, I., Konstantinus, I., Lekana-Douk, J. B., Makangara, J.-C. C., Tamfum, J.-J. M., Heraud, J.-M., Shaffer, J. G., Giandhari, J., Li, J., Yasuda, J., Mends, J. Q., Kiconco, J., Morobe, J. M., Gyapong, J. O., Okolie, J. C., Kayiwa, J. T., Edwards, J. A., Gyamfi, J., Farah, J., Nakaseegu, J., Ngoi, J. M., Namulondo, J., Andeko, J. C., Lutwama, J. J., O’Grady, J., Siddle, K., Adeyemi, K. T., Tumedi, K. A., Said, K. M., Hae-Young, K., Duedu, K. O., Belyamani, L., Fki-Berrajah, L., Singh, L., Martins, L. D. O., Tyers, L., Ramuth, M., Mastouri, M., Aouni, M., el Hefnawi, M., Matsheka, M. I., Kebabonye, M., Diop, M., Turki, M., Paye, M., Nyaga, M. M., Mareka, M., Damaris, M.-M., Mburu, M. W., Mpina, M., Nwando, M., Owusu, M., Wiley, M. R., Youtchou, M. T., Ayekaba, M. O., Abouelhoda, M., Seadawy, M. G., Khalifa, M. K., Sekhele, M., Ouadghiri, M., Diagne, M. M., Mwenda, M., Allam, M., Phan, M. V. T., Abid, N., Touil, N., Rujeni, N., Kharrat, N., Ismael, N., Dia, N., Mabunda, N., Hsiao, N.-Y., Silochi, N. B., Nsenga, N., Gumede, N., Mulder, N., Ndodo, N., Razanajatovo, N. H., Iguosadolo, N., Judith, O., Kingsley, O. C., Sylvanus, O., Peter, O., Femi, O., Idowu, O., Testimony, O., Chukwuma, O. E., Ogah, O. E., Onwuamah, C. K., Cyril, O., Faye, O., Tomori, O., Ondoa, P., Combe, P., Semanda, P., Oluniyi, P. E., Arnaldo, P., Quashie, P. K., Dussart, P., Bester, P. A., Mbala, P. K., Ayivor-Djanie, R., Njouom, R., Phillips, R. O., Gorman, R., Kingsley, R. A., Carr, R. A. A., El Kabbaj, S., Gargouri, S., Masmoudi, S., Sankhe, S., Lawal, S. B., Kassim, S., Trabelsi, S., Metha, S., Kammoun, S., Lemriss, S., Agwa, S. H. A., Calvignac-Spencer, S., Schaffner, S. F., Doumbia, S., Mandanda, S. M., Aryeetey, S., Ahmed, S. S., Elhamoumi, S., Andriamandimby, S., Tope, S., Lekana-Douki, S., Prosolek, S., Ouangraoua, S., Mundeke, S. A., Rudder, S., Panji, S., Pillay, S., Engelbrecht, S., Nabadda, S., Behillil, S., Budiaki, S. L., van der Werf, S., Mashe, T., Aanniz, T., Mohale, T., Le-Viet, T., Schindler, T., Anyaneji, U. J., Chinedu, U., Ramphal, U., Jessica, U., George, U., Fonseca, V., Enouf, V., Gorova, V., Roshdy, W. H., Ampofo, W. K., Preiser, W., Choga, W. T., Bediako, Y., Naidoo, Y., Butera, Y., de Laurent, Z. R., Sall, A. A., Rebai, A., von Gottberg, A., Kouriba, B., Williamson, C., Bridges, D. J., Chikwe, I., Bhiman, J. N., Mine, M., Cotten, M., Moyo, S., Gaseitsiwe, S., Saasa, N., Sabeti, P. C., Kaleebu, P., Tebeje, Y. K., Tessema, S. K., Happi, C., Nkengasong, J., & de Oliveira, T.
Venue: Science
Publisher: American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
Published: 2021-10-22
Volume: 374
Issue: 6566
Pages: 423-431
ISSN: 0036-8075 (ISSN-L)
1095-9203
DOI: 10.1126/science.abj4336
OpenAlex: W3163838900
Cited by: 222
References: 13
FWCI: 13.92
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: hybrid

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This page: CoChat. (2026). Citation check: A year of genomic surveillance reveals how the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic unfolded in Africa. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1126/science.abj4336
The paper: Wilkinson, E., Giovanetti, M., Tegally, H., San, J. E., Lessells, R., Cuadros, D., Martin, D. P., Rasmussen, D. A., Zekri, A.-R. N., Sangare, A. K., Ouedraogo, A.-S., Sesay, A. K., Priscilla, A., Kemi, A.-S., Olubusuyi, A. M., Oluwapelumi, A. O. O., Hammami, A., Amuri, A. A., Sayed, A., . . . de Oliveira, T. (2021). A year of genomic surveillance reveals how the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic unfolded in Africa. Science. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.abj4336

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A year of genomic surveillance reveals how the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic unfolded in Africa

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