The DOI matches its Crossref record; 36 of the 36 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Hydrogel-based strong and fast actuators by electroosmotic turgor pressure
Abstract
Hydrogels are promising as materials for soft actuators because of qualities such as softness, transparency, and responsiveness to stimuli. However, weak and slow actuations remain challenging as a result of low modulus and osmosis-driven slow water diffusion, respectively. We used turgor pressure and electroosmosis to realize a strong and fast hydrogel-based actuator. A turgor actuator fabricated with a gel confined by a selectively permeable membrane can retain a high osmotic pressure that drives gel swelling; thus, our actuator exerts large stress [0.73 megapascals (MPa) in 96 minutes (min)] with a 1.16 cubic centimeters of hydrogel. With the accelerated water transport caused by electroosmosis, the gel swells rapidly, enhancing the actuation speed (0.79 MPa in 9 min). Our strategies enable a soft hydrogel to break a brick and construct underwater structures within a few minutes.
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Hydraulic hydrogel actuators and robots optically and sonically camouflaged in water
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Cited by
Hydrogel network architecture design space: impact on mechanical and viscoelastic properties
Roca-Arroyo, A. F., Gutierrez-Rivera, J. A., Morton, L. D., & Castilla-Casadiego, D. A. (2025) · Gels · doi:10.3390/gels11080588 · Cited by 88
Metadata
- Authors
- Na, H., Kang, Y.-W., Park, C. S., Jung, S., Kim, H.-Y., & Sun, J.-Y.
- Venue
- Science
- Published
- 2022-04-15
- Volume
- 376
- Issue
- 6590
- Pages
- 301-307
- ISSN
- 0036-8075 (ISSN-L)
- 1095-9203
- OpenAlex
- W4224084185
- Cited by
- 308
- References
- 36
- FWCI
- 23.22
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
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