Hydrogel machines
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Crosslinked structure of polymer network chains endows hydrogels with flexibility and stretchability similar to elastic solids.
“the crosslinked structure of the polymer network chains endows the hydrogels with flexibility and stretchability, similar to that of elastic solids”
From Functionalized Hydrogel-Based Wearable Gas and Humidity Sensors. (2023) · cites this paper as [52]
Hydrogels are extremely hydrophilic and rapidly swell in water to retain a large volume of water without dissolving.
“It is extremely hydrophilic and rapidly swells in water to retain a large volume of water without dissolving”
From Functionalized Hydrogel-Based Wearable Gas and Humidity Sensors. (2023) · cites this paper as [52]
Cites
Matrix elasticity directs stem cell lineage specification
Engler, A. J., Sen, S., Sweeney, H. L., & Discher, D. E. (2006) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2006.06.044 · Cited by 13,915 · see citing works
Sydney Gladman, A., Matsumoto, E. A., Nuzzo, R. G., Mahadevan, L., & Lewis, J. A. (2016) · Nature Materials · doi:10.1038/nmat4544 · Cited by 3,027 · see citing works
Hydrophilic gels for biological use
WICHTERLE, O., & LÍM, D. (1960) · Nature · doi:10.1038/185117a0 · Cited by 2,996 · see citing works
Highly efficient solar vapour generation via hierarchically nanostructured gels
Zhao, F., Zhou, X., Shi, Y., Qian, X., Alexander, M., Zhao, X., Mendez, S., Yang, R., Qu, L., & Yu, G. (2018) · Nature Nanotechnology · doi:10.1038/s41565-018-0097-z · Cited by 2,089 · see citing works
Self-citationSkin-inspired hydrogel–elastomer hybrids with robust interfaces and functional microstructures
Yuk, H., Zhang, T., Parada, G. A., Liu, X., & Zhao, X. (2016) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/ncomms12028 · Cited by 1,035 · see citing works
Self-citationPhysicochemical Foundations and Structural Design of Hydrogels in Medicine and Biology
Peppas, N. A., Huang, Y., Torres-Lugo, M., Ward, J. H., & Zhang, J. (2000) · Annual Review of Biomedical Engineering · doi:10.1146/annurev.bioeng.2.1.9 · Cited by 1,016 · see citing works
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Biological hydrogels as selective diffusion barriers
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Conducting Polymer Electrodes Printed on Hydrogel
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Cutaneous Ionogel Mechanoreceptors for Soft Machines, Physiological Sensing, and Amputee Prostheses
Shen, Z., Zhu, X., Majidi, C., & Gu, G. (2021) · Advanced Materials · doi:10.1002/adma.202102069 · Cited by 291 · see citing works
Functionalized Hydrogel-Based Wearable Gas and Humidity Sensors.
Luo, Y., Li, J., Ding, Q., Wang, H., Liu, C., & Wu, J. (2023) · Nano-Micro Letters · doi:10.1007/s40820-023-01109-2 · Cited by 236 · see citing works
“It is extremely hydrophilic and rapidly swells in water to retain a large volume of water without dissolving [51, 52].”
BackgroundVersatile, Stable, and Scalable Gel‐Like Aerophobic Surface System (GLASS) for Hydrogen Production
Kang, Y., Lee, S., Han, S., Jeon, D., Bae, M., Choi, Y., Lee, D. W., & Ryu, J. (2024) · Advanced Functional Materials · doi:10.1002/adfm.202308827 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Cell Migration Assays and Their Application to Wound Healing Assays—A Critical Review
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Biomacromolecular hydrogel scaffolds from microfluidics for cancer therapy: A review
Hao, S., Shi, L., Li, J., Shi, J., Kuang, G., Liang, G., & Gao, S. (2024) · International Journal of Biological Macromolecules · doi:10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.136738 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
- Authors
- Liu, X., Liu, J., Lin, S., & Zhao, X.
- Affiliations
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (US)
- Corresponding author
- Zhao, Xuanhe
- Venue
- Materials Today
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2020-06
- Volume
- 36
- Pages
- 102-124
- ISSN
- 1369-7021 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W4211246526
- Cited by
- 1,023
- References
- 10
- Citations by year
- 2026: 99 · 2025: 155 · 2024: 178 · 2023: 220 · 2022: 191 · 2021: 136 · 2020: 44
- FWCI
- 49.24
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Materials Today (acceptedVersion)
- DSpace@MIT (Massachusetts Institute of Technology) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- Funders
- Office of Naval Research
- National Science Foundation
- Army Research Office
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Medicine › Hydrogels: synthesis, properties, applications
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Mechanical Engineering › Advanced Materials and Mechanics
- Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Surfaces, Coatings and Films › Surface Modification and Superhydrophobicity
- Keywords
- hydrogels, soft robotics, hydrogel actuators, hydrogel sensors, hydrogel coating, water harvesting, biocompatibility, hydrogel properties, machine design
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
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