A next-generation human genome sequence
Abstract
A near-complete sequence outlines a path for a more inclusive reference
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GRCh38 still contains hundreds of gaps and misassembled regions.
“Despite these advancements, GRCh38 still contains hundreds of gaps and misassembled regions [23].”
From A refined analysis of Neanderthal-introgressed sequences in modern humans with a complete reference genome (2025) · cites this paper as [23]
Cites
Initial sequencing and analysis of the human genome
International Human Genome Sequencing Consortium, Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, C. F. G. R., Lander, E. S., Linton, L. M., Birren, B., Nusbaum, C., Zody, M. C., Baldwin, J., Devon, K., Dewar, K., et al. (2001) · Nature · doi:10.1038/35057062 · Cited by 24,216 · see citing works
Self-citationThe sequence of the human genome
Venter, J. C., Adams, M. D., Myers, E. W., Li, P. W., Mural, R. J., Sutton, G. G., Smith, H. O., Yandell, M., Evans, C. A., Holt, R. A., et al. (2001) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1058040 · Cited by 13,909 · see citing works
The mutational constraint spectrum quantified from variation in 141,456 humans
Karczewski, K. J., Francioli, L. C., Tiao, G., Cummings, B. B., Alföldi, J., Wang, Q., Collins, R. L., Laricchia, K. M., Ganna, A., Birnbaum, D. P., et al. (2020) · Nature · doi:10.1038/s41586-020-2308-7 · Cited by 9,434 · see citing works
Finishing the euchromatic sequence of the human genome
International Human Genome Sequencing Consortium (2004) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature03001 · Cited by 4,971 · see citing works
The complete sequence of a human genome
Nurk, S., Koren, S., Rhie, A., Rautiainen, M., Bzikadze, A. V., Mikheenko, A., Vollger, M. R., Altemose, N., Uralsky, L., Gershman, A., et al. (2022) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.abj6987 · Cited by 3,136 · see citing works
Expanded encyclopaedias of DNA elements in the human and mouse genomes
The ENCODE Project Consortium, Abascal, F., Acosta, R., Addleman, N. J., Adrian, J., Afzal, V., Ai, R., Aken, B., Akiyama, J. A., Jammal, O. A., et al. (2020) · Nature · doi:10.1038/s41586-020-2493-4 · Cited by 2,378 · see citing works
Complete genomic and epigenetic maps of human centromeres
Altemose, N., Logsdon, G. A., Bzikadze, A. V., Sidhwani, P., Langley, S. A., Caldas, G. V., Hoyt, S. J., Uralsky, L., Ryabov, F. D., Shew, C. J., et al. (2022) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.abl4178 · Cited by 618 · see citing works
Modernizing Reference Genome Assemblies
Church, D., Schneider, V. A., Graves, T., Auger, K., Cunningham, F., Bouk, N., Chen, H.-C., Agarwala, R., McLaren, W., Ritchie, G., et al. (2011) · PLoS Biology · doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.1001091 · Cited by 563 · see citing works
Self-citationSegmental duplications and their variation in a complete human genome
Vollger, M. R., Guitart, X., Dishuck, P. C., Mercuri, L., Harvey, W. T., Gershman, A., Diekhans, M., Sulovari, A., Munson, K. M., Lewis, A. P., et al. (2022) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.abj6965 · Cited by 350 · see citing works
Human Whole-Genome Shotgun Sequencing
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Shotgun sequence assembly and recent segmental duplications within the human genome
She, X., Jiang, Z., Clark, R. A., Liu, G., Cheng, Z., Tüzün, E., Church, D. M., Sutton, G., Halpern, A. L., & Eichler, E. E. (2004) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature03062 · Cited by 256 · see citing works
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The Need for a Human Pangenome Reference Sequence
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Liang, S.-A., Ren, T., Zhang, J., He, J., Wang, X., Jiang, X., He, Y., McCoy, R. C., Fu, Q., Akey, J. M., et al. (2025) · Genome Biology · doi:10.1186/s13059-025-03502-z · Cited by 8 · see citing works
- Authors
- Church, D. M.
- Affiliations
- Inscripta, Inc., Boulder, CO, USA.
- Corresponding author
- Church, Deanna M.
- ORCID
- Church, Deanna M.
- Venue
- Science
- Published
- 2022-04
- Volume
- 376
- Issue
- 6588
- Pages
- 34-35
- ISSN
- 0036-8075 (ISSN-L)
- 1095-9203
- OpenAlex
- W4220888346
- Cited by
- 25
- References
- 14
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 6
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Science (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Genomics and Phylogenetic Studies
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Genetic Associations and Epidemiology
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Genomic variations and chromosomal abnormalities
- Keywords
- human genome sequence, reference genome, genome completeness, human genetic variation
- MeSH terms
- Base Sequence, Humans, Genome, Human, Sequence Analysis, DNA
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