The DOI matches its Crossref record; 34 of the 35 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
The Fate and Toxicity of Raman-Active Silica-Gold Nanoparticles in Mice
Open accessAbstract
Gold-core nanoparticles designed for imaging by Raman spectroscopy in patients are generally nontoxic in mice, causing only temporary liver inflammation when given intravenously.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
A new mathematical model for relative quantification in real-time RT-PCR
Pfaffl, M. W. (2001) · Nucleic Acids Research · doi:10.1093/nar/29.9.e45 · Cited by 34,610
Molecular imaging in living subjects: seeing fundamental biological processes in a new lightPreprint
Massoud, T. F., & Gambhir, S. S. (2003) · Genes & Development · doi:10.1101/gad.1047403 · Cited by 2,205
Self-citationLuminescent quantum dots for multiplexed biological detection and imaging
Chan, W. C. W., Maxwell, D. J., Gao, X., Bailey, R. E., Han, M., & Nie, S. (2002) · Current Opinion in Biotechnology · doi:10.1016/s0958-1669(02)00282-3 · Cited by 2,068
Size‐Dependent Cytotoxicity of Gold Nanoparticles
Pan, Y., Neuß, S., Leifert, A., Fischler, M., Wen, F., Simon, U., Schmid, G., Brandau, W., & Jahnen‐Dechent, W. (2007) · Small · doi:10.1002/smll.200700378 · Cited by 1,881
Molecular imaging of cancer with positron emission tomography
Gambhir, S. S. (2002) · Nature reviews. Cancer · doi:10.1038/nrc882 · Cited by 1,658
Self-citationPEGylated nanoparticles for biological and pharmaceutical applications
Otsuka, H., Nagasaki, Y., & Kataoka, K. (2003) · Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews · doi:10.1016/s0169-409x(02)00226-0 · Cited by 1,619
Toxicity of Gold Nanoparticles Functionalized with Cationic and Anionic Side Chains
Goodman, C. M., McCusker, C. E., Yilmaz, T., & Rotello, V. M. (2004) · Bioconjugate Chemistry · doi:10.1021/bc049951i · Cited by 1,602
Prospects forin vivoRaman spectroscopy
Hanlon, E. B., Manoharan, R., Koo, T.-W., Shafer‐Peltier, K., Motz, J. T., Fitzmaurice, M., Kramer, J. R., Itzkan, I., Dasari, R. R., & Feld, M. S. (2000) · Physics in Medicine and Biology · doi:10.1088/0031-9155/45/2/201 · Cited by 906
Bcl-2/Bax: a rheostat that regulates an anti-oxidant pathway and cell death.
Korsmeyer, S. J., Shutter, J. R., Novack, D. V., Merry, D. E., & Oltvai, Z. N. (1993) · PubMed · Cited by 865
Rationally designed nanostructures for surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy
Banholzer, M. J., Millstone, J. E., Qin, L., & Mirkin, C. A. (2008) · Chemical Society Reviews · doi:10.1039/b710915f · Cited by 795
Flagged first, then by citations
1 of the 35 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 101–159 of 159
Avvakumova, S., Galbiati, E., Pandolfi, L., Mazzucchelli, S., Cassani, M., Gori, A., Longhi, R., & Prosperi, D. (2014) · Bioconjugate Chemistry · doi:10.1021/bc500202b · Cited by 20
Spontaneous Raman and Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering Bioimaging
Lin, L. L., & Ye, J. (2021) · Advances in experimental medicine and biology · doi:10.1007/978-981-15-7627-0_9 · Cited by 19
Singh, N., Kumar, P., & Riaz, U. (2019) · Spectrochimica Acta Part A Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy · doi:10.1016/j.saa.2019.117279 · Cited by 18
Nicolson, F., Andreiuk, B., Lee, E., O’Donnell, B. A., Whitley, A., Riepl, N., Burkhart, D. L., Cameron, A., Protti, A., Rudder, S., et al. (2024) · npj Imaging · doi:10.1038/s44303-024-00011-9 · Cited by 18
Andreou, C., Oseledchyk, A., Nicolson, F., Berisha, N., Pal, S., & Kircher, M. F. (2019) · Journal of Visualized Experiments · doi:10.3791/58389 · Cited by 17
Song, L., & Li, J. (2024) · Small · doi:10.1002/smll.202407787 · Cited by 16
Zeng, Y., Madsen, S. J., Yankovich, A. B., Olsson, E., & Sinclair, R. (2020) · Nanoscale · doi:10.1039/d0nr04081a · Cited by 16
Self-citationHow Can We Apply the Use of surface-enhanced Raman Scattering Nanoparticles in Tumor imaging?
Kircher, M. F. (2017) · Nanomedicine · doi:10.2217/nnm-2016-0385 · Cited by 16
Applications and perspective of silicon particles in hyperpolarized 29Si magnetic resonance imaging
Luu, Q. S., Kim, J., Jo, D., Jeong, J., & Lee, Y. (2019) · Applied Spectroscopy Reviews · doi:10.1080/05704928.2019.1676255 · Cited by 15
Freitag, I., Neugebauer, U., Csáki, A., Fritzsche, W., Krafft, C., & Popp, J. (2012) · Vibrational Spectroscopy · doi:10.1016/j.vibspec.2012.02.013 · Cited by 15
Molecular imaging with surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy nanoparticle reporters
Jokerst, J. V., Pohling, C., & Gambhir, S. S. (2013) · MRS Bulletin · doi:10.1557/mrs.2013.157 · Cited by 15
Self-citationMultiplexing potential of NIR resonant and non-resonant Raman reporters for bio-imaging applications
Eremina, O. E., Schaefer, S., Czaja, A. T., Awad, S., Lim, M. A., & Zavaleta, C. (2023) · The Analyst · doi:10.1039/d3an01298k · Cited by 14
Self-citationHiremath, G. S., Locke, A. K., Sivakumar, A., Thomas, G., & Mahadevan-Jansen, A. M. (2019) · Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology · doi:10.1111/jgh.14738 · Cited by 12
Visualizing surface marker expression and intratumoral heterogeneity with SERRS-NPs imaging
Rotter, L. K., Berisha, N., Hsu, H., Burns, K. H., Andreou, C., & Kircher, M. F. (2022) · Nanotheranostics · doi:10.7150/ntno.67362 · Cited by 13
Lin, L., Xue, R., & Nie, S. (2022) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-822425-0.00111-1 · Cited by 12
Burkitt, S., Mehraein, M., Stanciauskas, R., Campbell, J. L., Fraser, S. E., & Zavaleta, C. L. (2020) · Nanomaterials · doi:10.3390/nano10112239 · Cited by 11
Self-citationZeng, Y., DiGiacomo, P., Madsen, S. J., Zeineh, M., & Sinclair, R. (2021) · Ultramicroscopy · doi:10.1016/j.ultramic.2021.113254 · Cited by 10
Self-citationProcházka, M. (2015) · Biological and medical physics, biomedical engineering · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-23992-7_7 · Cited by 11
Functional Gold Nanoparticles for Biointerfaces
Hepel, M. (2012) · ACS symposium series · doi:10.1021/bk-2012-1112.ch006 · Cited by 9
Zhang, S., Sheng, Y., Sun, J., Huang, T. H., Lin, H., Li, Z. Y., Xiao, Z., & Lü, W. (2024) · Pharmaceutics · doi:10.3390/pharmaceutics16081089 · Cited by 8
Olson, J. E., Yu, J. H., Thimes, R. L., & Camden, J. P. (2021) · Journal of Biophotonics · doi:10.1002/jbio.202100158 · Cited by 8
Innovative applications of SERS in precision medicine: In situ and real-time live imaging
Chen, B., Gao, J., Sun, H., Chen, Z., & Qiu, X. (2025) · Talanta · doi:10.1016/j.talanta.2025.128225 · Cited by 8
Noninvasive imaging of tumor hypoxia after nanoparticle-mediated tumor vascular disruption
Virani, N. A., Kelada, O. J., Kunjachan, S., Detappe, A., Kwon, J., Hayashi, J., Vazquez-Pagan, A. G., Biancur, D. E., Ireland, T. J., Kumar, R., et al. (2020) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0236245 · Cited by 7
Nanotechnology for Drug Delivery and Cancer Therapy
Jahan, I. (2021) · Advances in chemical and materials engineering book series · doi:10.4018/978-1-7998-8936-6.ch015 · Cited by 7
Histone-Mimetic Gold Nanoparticles as Versatile Scaffolds for Gene Transfer and Chromatin Analysis
Munsell, E. V., Fang, B., & Sullivan, M. O. (2018) · Bioconjugate Chemistry · doi:10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.8b00611 · Cited by 7
Gold nanoparticles in cancer theranostics
Saikia, S., Das, A., & Pathak, Y. Y. (2022) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-90773-6.00010-5 · Cited by 7
Li, X., Qiu, Y., Cui, K., Zhang, W., Lin, L., Hao, W., Luo, A., Guo, Y., Liu, H. W., Dong, W., et al. (2025) · Science Advances · doi:10.1126/sciadv.adx5246 · Cited by 8
Magneto-plasmonic biocompatible nanorice
García-Rosas, C. M., Medina, L. A., Lopez, P., Large, N., & Reyes–Coronado, A. (2021) · Journal of Nanoparticle Research · doi:10.1007/s11051-021-05261-x · Cited by 6
In vivo imaging with SERS nanoprobes
Andreou, C., Gregoriou, Y., Ali, A., & Pal, S. (2022) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-820548-8.00003-5 · Cited by 5
Intravascular infusion of PEGylated Au nanoparticles affects cardiovascular function in healthy mice
Iversen, N., Nielsen, A., Wang, T., & Baatrup, E. (2012) · Human & Experimental Toxicology · doi:10.1177/0960327112462724 · Cited by 5
Vascular Disruption Therapy as a New Strategy for Cancer Treatment
Gómez-Escudero, J., Berlana-Galán, P., Guerra-Paes, E., Torre-Cea, I., Marcos-Zazo, L., Carrera-Aguado, I., Cáceres-Calle, D., Sánchez‐Juanes, F., & Muñoz‐Félix, J. M. (2025) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms262010085 · Cited by 7
Sinclair, R., Zeng, Y., Madsen, S. J., & Gambhir, S. S. (2021) · Journal of materials research/Pratt's guide to venture capital sources · doi:10.1557/s43578-021-00320-4 · Cited by 4
Self-citationJain, K. K. (2017) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4939-6966-1_8 · Cited by 4
Cheng, K., & Cheng, Z. (2012) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-386940-1.00015-5 · Cited by 4
PEGylation of gold-decorated silica nanoparticles in the aerosol phase
Lei, P., & Girshick, S. L. (2013) · Nanotechnology · doi:10.1088/0957-4484/24/33/335602 · Cited by 3
Introduction to Biomedical Nanotechnology
Farrell, D. F., Hinkal, G. W., & Grodzinski, P. A. (2014) · CRC Press eBooks · doi:10.1201/b16562-5 · Cited by 3
Oh, N., & Kim, J. Y. (2025) · ACS Nano · doi:10.1021/acsnano.5c02283 · Cited by 3
Nanoparticle-Enabled Optical Endoscopy: Extending the Frontiers of Diagnosis and Treatment
Wilson, B. C., & Borel, S. (2015) · Progress in optical science and photonics · doi:10.1007/978-981-287-627-0_9 · Cited by 3
BRET Sensors for Imaging Membrane Integrity of Microfluidically Generated Extracellular Vesicles
Paulmurugan, R., Liu, Y., Sukumar, U. K., Kanada, M., & Massoud, T. F. (2022) · Methods in molecular biology · doi:10.1007/978-1-0716-2473-9_17 · Cited by 2
Self-citationTargeted Drug Delivery by Radiation-Induced Tumor Vascular ModulationPreprint
Kunjachan, S., Kotb, S., Kumar, R., Pola, R., Pechar, M., Gremse, F., Taleeli, R., Trichard, F., Motto‐Ros, V., Sancey, L., et al. (2018) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/268714 · Cited by 2
Molecular Imaging Using Raman Scattering
Harmsen, S., & Gambhir, S. S. (2021) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-816386-3.00019-3 · Cited by 1
Self-citationSurface structure-dependent nucleation and rotated sintering of an initially oxidized AuCu nanoalloy
Pei, X., Wang, Z., Chen, Y., Liu, M., Lu, H., Li, A., & Wang, L. (2025) · Applied Surface Science · doi:10.1016/j.apsusc.2025.162788 · Cited by 1
Introduction to Biomedical Nanotechnology
Farrell, D. F., Hinkal, G. W., & Grodzinski, P. A. (2014) · CRC Press eBooks · doi:10.1201/b16562-3 · Cited by 1
SERS detection of oral and gastrointestinal cancers
Czaja, A. T., & Zavaleta, C. L. (2022) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-820548-8.00001-1 · Cited by 1
Self-citationApplication of Gold Nanostructures in Biomedicine
Yu, Q., Liu, M., Jiang, Y., Li, H., & Zhang, J. (2019) · Materials Science and Technology · doi:10.1002/9783527603978.mst0488 · Cited by 1
Engineering a change in cancer diagnosis and therapy through nanotechnology
Hinkal, G. W., Farrell, D. F., Hook, S. S., Panaro, N. J., Ptak, K., & Grodzinski, P. A. (2011) · IEEE International Conference on Nanotechnology (IEEE-NANO) · doi:10.1109/nano.2011.6144480
Saroj, B. K., Roy, M., & Aziz, I. (2015)
Biological prospectives of hybrid nanostructures
Shirsat, S. D., Jadhav, V. V., & Mane, R. S. (2020) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-820016-2.00003-3
Machine Learning for Acute Toxicity Prediction Using High-Throughput Enzyme-Reaction ChipPreprint
Duan, Q., Lee, J., Gao, J., Chen, J., Lian, Y., Wang, Z., Wang, C., Xu, Z., Ren, J., & Bi, S. (2018) · ChemRxiv · doi:10.26434/chemrxiv.7263596.v1
Liu, Y., Chongsathidkiet, P., Odion, R., Fecci, P. E., & Vo‐Dinh, T. (2021) · Bioanalysis · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-78338-9_12
Jain, K. K. (2012) · Humana Press eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-61779-983-9_8
Jain, K. K. (2013) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4614-9245-0_9
Yu, J. H., Steinberg, I., Davis, R. M., Malkovskiy, A. V., Zlitni, A., Chung, D. T., Curet, L. D., D’Souza, A. L., Jung, K. O., Chang, E., et al. (2020) · ChemRxiv · doi:10.26434/chemrxiv.13232246
Self-citationAdvanced Medical SERS Applications
Andreou, C., Stavrou, M., & Fernández‐Lodeiro, A. (2024) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-981-97-5818-0_18
Nano based enemas for colon targeting
Sarma, A., Chakraborty, T., Das, B. K., & Goswami, A. K. (2025) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-443-24806-1.00022-4
Kevadiya, B. D., Primavera, R., Swaminathan, G., Zhong, J., Sarella, A., Prasad, R., Desai, B., Wang, J., Hettie, K. S., Decuzzi, P., et al. (2026) · Discover Nano · doi:10.1186/s11671-026-04708-1
Self-citationAI-Assisted SERS Decoding of Dual Enzymatic Activity for Intraoperative Chemical Mapping of Epilepsy
Zhao, J., Chen, Z., Wei, Z., Chen, M., Chen, Y., Liang, X., Liu, C., Wang, R., Zou, X., Yu, J., et al. (2026) · Journal of the American Chemical Society · doi:10.1021/jacs.6c09984
Current advances in Raman spectroscopy for lung cancer
Dong, W., Song, X., Hao, C., Dong, X., Chen, A., Kou, F., Zhai, N., Si, P., & Li, J. (2026) · TrAC Trends in Analytical Chemistry · doi:10.1016/j.trac.2026.119187
Metadata
- Authors
- Thakor, A. S., Luong, R., Paulmurugan, R., Lin, F. I., Kempen, P., Zavaleta, C., Chu, P., Massoud, T. F., Sinclair, R., & Gambhir, S. S.
- Affiliations
- University of Cambridge (GB)
- Stanford University (US)
- Stanford Medicine (US)
- Corresponding author
- Gambhir, Sanjiv S.
- ORCID
- Venue
- Science Translational Medicine
- Published
- 2011-04-20
- Volume
- 3
- Issue
- 79
- Pages
- 79ra33-79ra33
- ISSN
- 1946-6234 (ISSN-L)
- 1946-6242
- PMC
- PMC3873137
- OpenAlex
- W2099459454
- Semantic Scholar
- 8fd9649353de84ba2ee80b82b8ae3b10c09fc076
- Cited by
- 159
- References
- 35
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 11 · 2021: 12 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 11 · 2018: 14 · 2017: 13 · 2016: 10 · 2015: 15 · 2014: 13 · 2013: 15 · 2012: 13
- FWCI
- 6.13
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Science Translational Medicine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Cancer Institute (U54CA119367, P50CA114747, U54CA151459)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials › Gold and Silver Nanoparticles Synthesis and Applications
- Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Biomaterials › Nanoparticle-Based Drug Delivery
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Biophysics › Spectroscopy Techniques in Biomedical and Chemical Research
- Keywords
- surface-enhanced Raman scattering, PEGylated nanoparticles, acute toxicity, tissue distribution, reticuloendothelial system, macrophage clearance, oxidative stress, liver inflammation, rectal administration, colorectal cancer detection, affibody
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Female, Gold, Male, Polyethylene Glycols, Silicon Dioxide, Spectrum Analysis, Raman, Mice, Metal Nanoparticles
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review