Cited by 770Immune cells in cancerCancer Immunotherapy and BiomarkersChemokine receptors and signaling

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 49 of the 50 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Disruption of CXCR2-Mediated MDSC Tumor Trafficking Enhances Anti-PD1 Efficacy

Open access

Highfill, Steven L., Cui, Yongzhi, Giles, Amber J., Smith, Jillian P., Zhang, Hua, Morse, Elizabeth, Kaplan, Rosandra N., Mackall, Crystal L.·2014·Science Translational Medicine

DOI 10.1126/scitranslmed.3007974PMC PMC6980372

Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

Preventing trafficking of myeloid-derived suppressor cells to the tumor site enhances the efficiency of checkpoint blockade.

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1126/scitranslmed.3007974

Cites

49 of 49 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Improved Survival with Ipilimumab in Patients with Metastatic Melanoma
Hodi, F. S., O'Day, S. J., McDermott, D. F., Weber, R. W., Sosman, J. A., Haanen, J. B., Gonzalez, R., Robert, C., Schadendorf, D., Hassel, J. C., et al. (2010) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa1003466 · Cited by 15,155
The blockade of immune checkpoints in cancer immunotherapy
Pardoll, D. M. (2012) · Nature Reviews Cancer · doi:10.1038/nrc3239 · Cited by 13,838
Safety, activity, and immune correlates of anti–PD-1 antibody in cancer
Topalian, S. L., Hodi, F. S., Brahmer, J. R., Gettinger, S. N., Smith, D. C., McDermott, D. F., Powderly, J. D., Carvajal, R. D., Sosman, J. A., Atkins, M. B., et al. (2012) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa1200690 · Cited by 12,628
Safety and activity of anti-PD-L1 antibody in patients with advanced cancer
Brahmer, J. R., Tykodi, S. S., Chow, L. Q. M., Hwu, W.-J., Topalian, S. L., Hwu, P., Drake, C. G., Camacho, L. H., Kauh, J., Odunsi, K., et al. (2012) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa1200694 · Cited by 7,945
Engagement of the Pd-1 Immunoinhibitory Receptor by a Novel B7 Family Member Leads to Negative Regulation of Lymphocyte Activation
Freeman, G. J., Long, A. J., Iwai, Y., Bourque, K., Chernova, T., Nishimura, H., Fitz, L. J., Malenkovich, N., Okazaki, T., Byrne, M. C., et al. (2000) · The Journal of Experimental Medicine · doi:10.1084/jem.192.7.1027 · Cited by 5,294 · cited 1×
“Signaling of PD1 on T cells via PD-L1 (B7-H1) or PD-L2 (B7-DC) inhibits T cell receptor–mediated activation by recruitment of the SHP2 phosphatase (2).”
Background
Tumor-associated B7-H1 promotes T-cell apoptosis: A potential mechanism of immune evasion
Dong, H., Strome, S. E., Salomao, D. R., Tamura, H., Hirano, F., Flies, D. B., Roche, P. C., Lu, J., Zhu, G., Tamada, K., et al. (2002) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/nm730 · Cited by 5,025
Ipilimumab plus Dacarbazine for Previously Untreated Metastatic Melanoma
Robert, C., Thomas, L., Bondarenko, I., O'Day, S., Weber, J., Garbe, C., Lebbe, C., Baurain, J.-F., Testori, A., Grob, J.-J., et al. (2011) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa1104621 · Cited by 4,496
Nivolumab plus Ipilimumab in Advanced Melanoma
Wolchok, J. D., Kluger, H., Callahan, M. K., Postow, M. A., Rizvi, N. A., Lesokhin, A. M., Segal, N. H., Ariyan, C. E., Gordon, R.-A., Reed, K., et al. (2013) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa1302369 · Cited by 4,230 · cited 1×
“Combination regimens appear to be even more potent with response rates of 53% in metastatic melanoma (22).”
Background
Coordinated regulation of myeloid cells by tumours
Gabrilovich, D. I., Ostrand-Rosenberg, S., & Bronte, V. (2012) · Nature Reviews Immunology · doi:10.1038/nri3175 · Cited by 3,544 · cited 2×
“These results are consistent with previous reports demonstrating that GrMDSCs at the tumor site are highly dependent on migration from the BM or spleen and undergo minimal proliferation within the tumor bed (13).”
BackgroundResult
Involvement of PD-L1 on tumor cells in the escape from host immune system and tumor immunotherapy by PD-L1 blockade
Iwai, Y., Ishida, M., Tanaka, Y., Okazaki, T., Honjo, T., & Minato, N. (2002) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.192461099 · Cited by 3,261

Show all 50 references

Sorted by citations

Items 301–400 of 770

YAP1 induces bladder cancer progression and promotes immune evasion through IL-6/STAT3 pathway and CXCL deregulation
Sadhukhan, P., Feng, M., Illingworth, E. J., Sloma, I., Ooki, A., Matoso, A., Sidransky, D., Johnson, B. A., Marchionni, L., Sillé, F. C. M., et al. (2024) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci171164 · Cited by 47
“The TME drives numerous phenotypic changes associated with tumor initiation and progression, including metastasis, angiogenesis, cancer stemness, and immune evasion (30, 31).”
Molecular Pathways: Myeloid Complicity in Cancer
Stromnes, I. M., Greenberg, P. D., & Hingorani, S. R. (2014) · Clinical Cancer Research · doi:10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-13-0866 · Cited by 49
Targeting neutrophils for cancer therapy
Kwak, J., & Houghton, A. M. (2025) · Nature Reviews Drug Discovery · doi:10.1038/s41573-025-01210-8 · Cited by 54
“There have been numerous reports that Ly6G-mediated neutrophil depletion or CXCR2 inhibition improves the efficacy of ICI treatment 60,166,168 .”
Checkpoint Proteins in Pediatric Brain and Extracranial Solid Tumors: Opportunities for Immunotherapy
Ring, E. K., Markert, J. M., Gillespie, G. Y., & Friedman, G. K. (2016) · Clinical Cancer Research · doi:10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-16-1829 · Cited by 45
Bad company: Microenvironmentally mediated resistance to targeted therapy in melanoma
Almeida, F. V., Douglass, S. M., Fane, M. E., & Weeraratna, A. T. (2018) · Pigment Cell & Melanoma Research · doi:10.1111/pcmr.12736 · Cited by 47
“The recruitment of immunosuppressive cells is influenced through the production of chemokines by the tumor including CCL5 (Schlecker et al., 2012); CCL7, CXCL8, and CXCL12 (Highfill et al., 2014; Kumar et al., 2016); and CCL2 (Kudo‐Saito, Shirako, Ohike, Tsukamoto, & Kawakami, 2013).”
Background
Resisting Resistance to Immune Checkpoint Therapy: A Systematic Review
Haibe, Y., Husseini, Z. E., Sayed, R. E., & Shamseddine, A. I. (2020) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms21176176 · Cited by 45
“Hence, the disruption of CXCR2 will probably inhibit MDSC trafficking into the tumor bed and increase the response to anti-PD1 therapy [203].”
Background
Elimination of acquired resistance to PD-1 blockade via the concurrent depletion of tumour cells and immunosuppressive cells
Xue, G., Wang, Z., Zheng, N., Fang, J., Mao, C., Li, X., Jin, G., Ming, X., & Lu, Y. (2021) · Nature Biomedical Engineering · doi:10.1038/s41551-021-00799-6 · Cited by 47
Immune microenvironment of cholangiocarcinoma: Biological concepts and treatment strategies
Yu, X., Zhu, L., Wang, T., & Chen, J. (2023) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2023.1037945 · Cited by 45
“Due to immunosuppression and the limiting effects of ICB, targeting MDSCs and blocking MDSC recruitment may be an attractive therapeutic opportunity (40).”
Background
Blockade of CCR5-mediated myeloid derived suppressor cell accumulation enhances anti-PD1 efficacy in gastric cancer
Liu, Y., Wang, B., Qin, J., Zhou, H., Majumdar, A. P. N., & Peng, F. (2018) · Immunopharmacology and Immunotoxicology · doi:10.1080/08923973.2017.1417997 · Cited by 44
Visualization and quantification of in vivo homing kinetics of myeloid-derived suppressor cells in primary and metastatic cancer
Hoffmann, S. H. L., Reck, D. I., Maurer, A., Fehrenbacher, B., Sceneay, J., Poxleitner, M., Öz, H. H., Ehrlichmann, W., Reischl, G., Fuchs, K., et al. (2019) · Theranostics · doi:10.7150/thno.33275 · Cited by 44
“Due to their immunosuppressive nature, MDSCs receive considerable attention as possible negative players in cancer immunotherapeutic approaches [53, 54].”
Background
Targeting oral tumor microenvironment for effective therapy
Budi, H. S., & Farhood, B. (2023) · Cancer Cell International · doi:10.1186/s12935-023-02943-5 · Cited by 44
Combined KRAS Inhibition and Immune Therapy Generates Durable Complete Responses in an Autochthonous PDAC Model
Liu, Y., Han, J., Hsu, W., LaBella, K. A., Deng, P., Shang, X., de Lara, P. T., Cai, L., Jiang, S., & DePinho, R. A. (2024) · Cancer Discovery · doi:10.1158/2159-8290.cd-24-0489 · Cited by 43
Pirfenidone reduces immune-suppressive capacity of cancer-associated fibroblasts through targeting CCL17 and TNF-beta
Es, H. A., Zhand, S., Thiery, J. P., & Warkiani, M. E. (2020) · Integrative Biology · doi:10.1093/intbio/zyaa014 · Cited by 44
Mechanistic insights into the interplays between neutrophils and other immune cells in cancer development and progression
Mahmud, Z., Rahman, A., Mishu, I. D., & Kabir, Y. (2022) · Cancer and Metastasis Reviews · doi:10.1007/s10555-022-10024-8 · Cited by 44
“Preclinical research has shown that combining an anti-PD-1 inhibitor with an anti-CXCR2 inhibitor has a synergistic impact in reducing tumor development [212].”
Background
Distinct Spatio-Temporal Dynamics of Tumor-Associated Neutrophils in Small Tumor Lesions
Sody, S., Uddin, M., Grüneboom, A., Görgens, A., Giebel, B., Gunzer, M., & Brandau, S. (2019) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2019.01419 · Cited by 43
Combination of attenuated Salmonella carrying PD‐1 siRNA with nifuroxazide for colon cancer therapy
Zhao, T., Feng, Y., Guo, M., Zhang, C., Wu, Q., Chen, J., Guo, S. J., Liu, S., Zhou, Q., Wang, Z., et al. (2019) · Journal of Cellular Biochemistry · doi:10.1002/jcb.29432 · Cited by 41
“PD‐1’ signaling on T cell surface via PD‐L1 or PD‐L2 curbs T cell mediated activation through recruitment of the SHP2 phosphatase.(5,6) Since the discovery of PD‐1 in 1992,(7) a growing body of research has shown that immune escape of cancers is often mediated via PD‐1 signaling.”
Background
Inflammation and Myeloid Cells in Cancer Progression and Metastasis
Deng, J., & Fleming, J. B. (2022) · Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology · doi:10.3389/fcell.2021.759691 · Cited by 44
“…inhibition of CXCR2 blocks recruitment of MDSCs into tumors and enhances the efficacy of cyotoxic therapy and anti-PD1 immunotherapy to improve the outcomes of patients with sarcoma, head and neck, pancreatic, and liver cancer (Highfill et al., 2014; Steele et al., 2016; Greene et al., 2020).”
Background
Myeloid-driven mechanisms as barriers to antitumor CD8+ T cell activity
Colligan, S. H., Tzetzo, S. L., & Abrams, S. I. (2019) · Molecular Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.molimm.2019.12.012 · Cited by 40
The recent progress of myeloid‐derived suppressor cell and its targeted therapies in cancers
Ren, R., Xiong, C., Ma, R., Wang, Y., Yue, T., Yu, J., & Shao, B. (2023) · MedComm · doi:10.1002/mco2.323 · Cited by 42
Overcoming immunotherapy resistance in hepatocellular carcinoma by targeting myeloid IL-8/CXCR2 signaling
Kwong, T. T., Xiong, Z., Zhang, Y., Wu, H., Cao, J., Wong, P. P.-C., Liu, X., Wang, J., Wong, C. H., Tse, G. M.-K., et al. (2025) · Molecular Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.ymthe.2025.02.002 · Cited by 40
“17,45 The ICB-resistant PD-L1R RIL-175 model was established by isolating the residual tumor cells that remained after the whole course of anti-PD-L1 antibody treatment (10F.9G2, 10 mg/kg, Bio-X-Cell) at post-tumor implantation days 6, 11, and 16.”
Pancreatic adenocarcinoma up-regulated factor (PAUF) enhances the accumulation and functional activity of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) in pancreatic cancer
Song, J., Lee, J., Kim, J., Jo, S., Kim, Y., Baek, J. E., Kwon, E., Lee, K., Yang, S., Kwon, K., et al. (2016) · Oncotarget · doi:10.18632/oncotarget.10123 · Cited by 40
Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells Associated With Disease Progression in Primary HIV Infection: PD-L1 Blockade Attenuates Inhibition
Zhang, Z., Yi, N., Zhang, T., Zhang, L., Wu, X., Liu, M., Fu, Y., He, S., Jiang, Y., Ding, H., et al. (2017) · JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes · doi:10.1097/qai.0000000000001471 · Cited by 39
NEDD9 promotes cancer stemness by recruiting myeloidderived suppressor cells via CXCL8 in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma
Yue, D., Liu, S., Zhang, T., Wang, Y., Qin, G., Chen, X., Zhang, H., Wang, D., Huang, L., Wang, F., et al. (2021) · Cancer Biology and Medicine · doi:10.20892/j.issn.2095-3941.2020.0290 · Cited by 38
“CXCL1 and CXCL8 regulate G-MDSC migration and degranulation via CXCR1 and CXCR2 signaling 7,27,53 .”
Self-citation
Orally available dextran-aspirin nanomedicine modulates gut inflammation and microbiota homeostasis for primary colorectal cancer therapy
Ma, S., Yao, H., Si, X., Huang, Z., Wang, R., Wan, R., Tang, Z., Wang, G., & Song, W. (2024) · Journal of Controlled Release · doi:10.1016/j.jconrel.2024.05.002 · Cited by 39
Subsets of myeloid-derived suppressor cells in hepatocellular carcinoma express chemokines and chemokine receptors differentially
Zhao, W., Xu, Y., Xu, J., Wu, D., Zhao, B., Yin, Z., & Wang, X. (2015) · International Immunopharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.intimp.2015.04.010 · Cited by 38
Immunotherapy for Pediatric Brain Tumors
Sayour, E. J., & Mitchell, D. A. (2017) · Brain Sciences · doi:10.3390/brainsci7100137 · Cited by 38
Impact of chemotactic factors and receptors on the cancer immune infiltrate: a bioinformatics study revealing homogeneity and heterogeneity among patient cohorts
Stoll, G., Pol, J. G., Soumelis, V., Zitvogel, L., & Kroemer, G. (2018) · OncoImmunology · doi:10.1080/2162402x.2018.1484980 · Cited by 38
Association between soluble immune mediators and tumor responses in patients with nonsmall cell lung cancer treated with anti‐PD‐1 inhibitor
Matsuo, N., Azuma, K., Hattori, S., Ohtake, J., Kawahara, A., Ishii, H., Tokito, T., Yamada, K., Shibata, Y., Shimokawaji, T., et al. (2018) · International Journal of Cancer · doi:10.1002/ijc.31923 · Cited by 38
“inhibited by CXCR2 deficiency or treatment with anti-CXCR2 monoclonal antibody.(17) These results suggest that the posttreatment decrease in the level of CXCL2 might prevent CXCR2-mediated MDSC trafficking toward tumors, leading to enhanced efficacy of PD-1 checkpoint blockade.”
Method
Mechanisms of Resistance to Checkpoint Blockade Therapy
Shi, H., Lan, J., & Yang, J. (2020) · Advances in experimental medicine and biology · doi:10.1007/978-981-15-3266-5_5 · Cited by 37
Role of myeloid-derived suppressor cells in metastasis
Cole, K., Pravoverov, K., & Talmadge, J. E. (2021) · Cancer and Metastasis Reviews · doi:10.1007/s10555-020-09947-x · Cited by 38
TGF-β orchestrates the phenotype and function of monocytic myeloid-derived suppressor cells in colorectal cancer
Gneo, L., Rizkalla, N., Hejmadi, R. K., Mussai, F., Santo, C. D., & Middleton, G. (2021) · Cancer Immunology Immunotherapy · doi:10.1007/s00262-021-03081-5 · Cited by 37
“Whilst antiMDSC strategies have enhanced the efficacy of checkpoint blockade in pre-clinical models [3, 4] whether tumoral MDSCs are important in limiting checkpoint blockade Luciana Gneo and Nagy Rizkala contributed equally to this article.”
Background
The Functional Roles of Immune Cells in Primary Liver Cancer
Pham, L., Kyritsi, K., Zhou, T., Ceci, L., Baiocchi, L., Kennedy, L. L., Chakraborty, S., Glaser, S. S., Francis, H., Alpini, G. D., et al. (2022) · American Journal Of Pathology · doi:10.1016/j.ajpath.2022.02.004 · Cited by 37
“Blocking CXCR2mediated PMN-MDSC trafficking using anti-CXCR2 monoclonal antibody increases the anti-cancer effects of antiePD-1 immunotherapy.(55) These studies indicate that MDSCs are negatively correlated with liver cancer via immunosuppressive properties; however, a study analyzed MDSC populations in peripheral blo…”
Background
CXCR1/2 dual-inhibitor ladarixin reduces tumour burden and promotes immunotherapy response in pancreatic cancer
Piro, G., Carbone, C., Agostini, A., Esposito, A., Pizzol, M. D., Novelli, R., Allegretti, M., Aramini, A., Caggiano, A., Granitto, A., et al. (2022) · British Journal of Cancer · doi:10.1038/s41416-022-02028-6 · Cited by 37
Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts Enhance Survival and Progression of the Aggressive Pancreatic Tumor Via FGF-2 and CXCL8
Awaji, M. I., Futakuchi, M., Heavican, T. B., Iqbal, J., & Singh, R. K. (2019) · Cancer Microenvironment · doi:10.1007/s12307-019-00223-3 · Cited by 38
Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells: Implications in the Resistance of Malignant Tumors to T Cell-Based Immunotherapy
Shi, H., Li, K., Ni, Y., Liang, X., & Zhao, X. (2021) · Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology · doi:10.3389/fcell.2021.707198 · Cited by 39
CXCR2 Mediates Distinct Neutrophil Behavior in Brain Metastatic Breast Tumor
Safarulla, S., Madan, A., Xing, F., & Chandrasekaran, A. (2022) · Cancers · doi:10.3390/cancers14030515 · Cited by 36
“approach to regulate the anti-tumoral TAN behavior [54,70,84,85].”
Background
Cancer Resistance to Immunotherapy: Molecular Mechanisms and Tackling Strategies
Vu, S. H., Vetrivel, P., Kim, J., & Lee, M. (2022) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms231810906 · Cited by 37
“High-throughput, high-dimensional, single-cell technologies have resulted in ground-breaking discoveries and atlases of various TMEs, potentially leading to the development of more effective immunotherapies and personalized medicines.”
BackgroundInfluential
Directed evolution of broadly crossreactive chemokine-blocking antibodies efficacious in arthritis
Angelini, A., Miyabe, Y., Newsted, D., Kwan, B. H., Miyabe, C., Kelly, R. L., Jamy, M. N., Luster, A. D., & Wittrup, K. D. (2018) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-018-03687-x · Cited by 36
Immune Cell Types and Secreted Factors Contributing to Inflammation-to-Cancer Transition and Immune Therapy Response
Chen, X., Chi, X., Hong, S., Xia, X., Cao, Y., McDermott, J., Mu, Y., & Han, J. J. (2019) · Cell Reports · doi:10.1016/j.celrep.2019.01.080 · Cited by 36
Targeting CXCR1/2: The medicinal potential as cancer immunotherapy agents, antagonists research highlights and challenges ahead
Che, J., Song, R., Chen, B., & Dong, X. (2019) · European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry · doi:10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.111853 · Cited by 36
Circumventing Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cell-Mediated Immunosuppression Using an Oxygen-Generated and -Economized Nanoplatform
Zuo, H., Hou, Y., Yu, Y., Li, Z., Liu, H., Liu, C., He, J., & Miao, L. (2020) · ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces · doi:10.1021/acsami.0c18180 · Cited by 36
Tumor Lymphatic Interactions Induce CXCR2-CXCL5 Axis and Alter Cellular Metabolism and Lymphangiogenic Pathways to Promote Cholangiocarcinoma
Roy, S., Kumaravel, S., Banerjee, P., White, T. K., O’Brien, A., Seelig, C., Chauhan, R., Ekser, B., Bayless, K. J., Alpini, G. D., et al. (2021) · Cells · doi:10.3390/cells10113093 · Cited by 36
“In multiple cancer types, CXCR2 is also known for recruitment of tumor associated neutrophils (TANs) to the TME [49,50].”
BackgroundInfluential
Emergence of immunotherapy as a novel way to treat hepatocellular carcinoma
Mukaida, N., & Nakamoto, Y. (2018) · World Journal of Gastroenterology · doi:10.3748/wjg.v24.i17.1839 · Cited by 38
Neutrophilia as prognostic biomarker in locally advanced stage III lung cancer
Schernberg, A., Mezquita, L., Boros, A., Botticella, A., Caramella, C., Besse, B., Escande, A., Planchard, D., Pechoux, C. L., & Deutsch, É. (2018) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0204490 · Cited by 35
Rational combination immunotherapeutic approaches for effective cancer treatment
Phung, C. D., Nguyen, H. T., Tran, T. H., Choi, H., Yong, C. S., & Kim, J. O. (2018) · Journal of Controlled Release · doi:10.1016/j.jconrel.2018.12.020 · Cited by 35
Translation of cancer immunotherapy from the bench to the bedside
Guo, Q., Huang, F., Gonçalves, C., Rincon, S. V. D., & Miller, W. H. (2019) · Advances in cancer research · doi:10.1016/bs.acr.2019.03.001 · Cited by 35
A randomized phase 2 trial of pembrolizumab versus pembrolizumab and acalabrutinib in patients with platinum‐resistant metastatic urothelial cancer
Zhang, T., Harrison, M. R., O’Donnell, P. H., Alva, A. S., Hahn, N. M., Appleman, L. J., Cetnar, J. P., Burke, J. M., Fleming, M. T., Milowsky, M. I., et al. (2020) · Cancer · doi:10.1002/cncr.33067 · Cited by 35
“Recent preclinical results show that elevated MDSC levels are responsible for this lack of response and that elimination of MDSCs may lead to increased efficacy with PD-1 inhibition.(21,22) In addition, BTK-dependent activation of mast cells, myeloid cells, and other immunocytes in peritumoral inflammatory stroma has…”
Background
Host Cxcr2-Dependent Regulation of Pancreatic Cancer Growth, Angiogenesis, and Metastasis
Purohit, A., Saxena, S., Varney, M. L., Prajapati, D. R., Kozel, J. A., Lazenby, A. J., & Singh, R. K. (2021) · American Journal Of Pathology · doi:10.1016/j.ajpath.2021.01.002 · Cited by 37
“The authors further concluded that CXCR2þ granulocytic MDSCs mediate local immunosuppression, and inhibiting CXCR2 signaling can enhance the efficacy of checkpoint inhibitors.(41) However, they did not observe metastasis in their model.”
Background
Targeting Inhibition of Accumulation and Function of Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells by Artemisinin via PI3K/AKT, mTOR, and MAPK Pathways Enhances Anti-PD-L1 Immunotherapy in Melanoma and Liver Tumors
Zhang, M., Wang, L., Liu, W., Wang, T., Sanctis, F. D., Lifang, Z., Zhang, G., Cheng, J. G., Cao, Q., Zhou, J., et al. (2022) · Journal of Immunology Research · doi:10.1155/2022/2253436 · Cited by 35
“However, only a minority of patients experience dramatic tumor regression in response to ICB therapy, and most patients initially respond to but later become resistant to these therapies [9].”
Peripheral Leukocytosis Is Inversely Correlated with Intratumoral CD8+ T-Cell Infiltration and Associated with Worse Outcome after Chemoradiotherapy in Anal Cancer
Martin, D., Rödel, F., Winkelmann, R., Balermpas, P., Rödel, C. M., & Fokas, E. (2017) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2017.01225 · Cited by 37
“Female 15 (60) 30 (56) 42 (62) 3 (27) 15 (62) 30 (55) 37 (54) 8 (8) 31 (57) 14 (56) 24 (55) 21 (60)”
Background
Surgical Treatment of Osteosarcoma Induced Distant Pre‐Metastatic Niche in Lung to Facilitate the Colonization of Circulating Tumor Cells
Tang, F., Tie, Y., Lan, T., Yang, J., Hong, W., Chen, S., Shi, H., Li, L., Zeng, H., Min, L., et al. (2023) · Advanced Science · doi:10.1002/advs.202207518 · Cited by 34
Tumor microenvironment as niche constructed by cancer stem cells: Breaking the ecosystem to combat cancer
Zhong, H., Zhou, S., Yin, S., Qiu, Y., Liu, B., & Yu, H. (2024) · Journal of Advanced Research · doi:10.1016/j.jare.2024.06.014 · Cited by 34
CD133 Regulates IL-1β Signaling and Neutrophil Recruitment in Glioblastoma
Lee, S. Y., Kim, J.-K., Jeon, H.-Y., Ham, S. W., & Kim, H. (2017) · Molecules and Cells · doi:10.14348/molcells.2017.0089 · Cited by 34
“CXCR2 is expressed on neutrophils and myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) and functions as an inducer for the migration of these cells into the site of inflammation (Eash et al., 2010; Highfill et al., 2014).”
Background
Myeloid-derived suppressor cell accumulation in renal cell carcinoma is correlated with CCL2, IL-17 and IL-18 expression in blood and tumors
GUAN, X., Liu, Z., Zhang, J., & Jin, X. (2018) · Advances in Clinical and Experimental Medicine · doi:10.17219/acem/70065 · Cited by 34
Can Immunogenic Chemotherapies Relieve Cancer Cell Resistance to Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors?
Vargas, T. R., & Apétoh, L. (2019) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2019.01181 · Cited by 37
“Accordingly, preventing the accumulation of these immunosuppressive cells in the TME enhances the efficacy of ICI therapy (93, 94).”
Background
Novel Characterization of Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells in Tumor Microenvironment
Li, Y., He, H., Jihu, R., Zhou, J., Zeng, R., & Yan, H. (2021) · Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology · doi:10.3389/fcell.2021.698532 · Cited by 35
Crosstalk Between the Tumor Microenvironment and Cancer Cells: A Promising Predictive Biomarker for Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors
Li, X., Yang, Y., Huang, Q., Deng, Y., Guo, F., Wang, G., & Liu, M. (2021) · Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology · doi:10.3389/fcell.2021.738373 · Cited by 36
Oncolytic virus synergizes with Smac mimetic compounds to induce rhabdomyosarcoma cell death in a syngeneic murine model
Dobson, C. C., Naing, T., Beug, S. T., Faye, M. D., Chabot, J., St‐Jean, M., Walker, D. E., LaCasse, E. C., Stojdl, D. F., Korneluk, R. G., et al. (2016) · Oncotarget · doi:10.18632/oncotarget.13849 · Cited by 36
“Immune checkpoint inhibitors, including anti-cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA-4) and anti-programmed cell-death (PD-1), require recruitment of immune cells from the tumour microenvironment and have been shown to prevent tumour growth in various pre-clinical cancer models, including RMS and other sarcomas [33-35].”
Background
MDSC: a new potential breakthrough in CAR-T therapy for solid tumors
Abdalsalam, N. M. F., Ibrahim, A., Saliu, M. A., Liu, T., Wan, X., & Yan, D. (2024) · Cell Communication and Signaling · doi:10.1186/s12964-024-01995-y · Cited by 35
A comprehensive review on targeting diverse immune cells for anticancer therapy: Beyond immune checkpoint inhibitors
Liu, D., Liu, L., Zhao, X., Zhang, X., Chen, X., Che, X., & Wu, G. (2025) · Critical Reviews in Oncology/Hematology · doi:10.1016/j.critrevonc.2025.104702 · Cited by 40
Angiotensin II contributes to intratumoral immunosuppression via induction of PD-L1 expression in non-small cell lung carcinoma
Yang, K., Zhou, J., Chen, Y., Chen, Y., Chen, L., Zhang, P., Ma, L., Jiang, Z., Bian, J., & Yin, W. (2020) · International Immunopharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.intimp.2020.106507 · Cited by 33
FGFR4-Targeted Chimeric Antigen Receptors Combined with Anti-Myeloid Polypharmacy Effectively Treat Orthotopic Rhabdomyosarcoma
Sullivan, P. M., Kumar, R., Li, W., Hoglund, V. J., Wang, L., Zhang, Y., Shi, M., Beak, D., Cheuk, A., Jensen, M. C., et al. (2022) · Molecular Cancer Therapeutics · doi:10.1158/1535-7163.mct-22-0059 · Cited by 31
“As this reaction was seen with UTDT cells and CART cells, we ascribe it to the production of factors (such as IFNg) known to activatemurine myeloid cells (37), as seen inmouse models of sarcoma.”
Background
Myeloid‐Derived Suppressor Cells in Cancer: Mechanistic Insights and Targeted Therapeutic Innovations
Hu, T., Zhai, J., Yang, Z., Peng, J., Wang, C., Liu, X., Li, Y., Yao, J., Chen, F., Li, H., et al. (2025) · MedComm · doi:10.1002/mco2.70231 · Cited by 37
“PD-1 blockade was ineffective in wild-type tumor-bearing mice, whereas a significant reduction in tumor growth was observed in CXCR2-deficient mice [184].”
Role of myeloid-derived suppressor cells in immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy in cancer
Park, S.-M., & Youn, J. (2019) · Archives of Pharmacal Research · doi:10.1007/s12272-019-01165-6 · Cited by 33
Current opinions in immune checkpoint inhibitors rechallenge in solid cancers
Gobbini, É., Charles, J., Toffart, A. C., Leccia, M. ‐., Moro‐Sibilot, D., & Levra, M. G. (2019) · Critical Reviews in Oncology/Hematology · doi:10.1016/j.critrevonc.2019.102816 · Cited by 32
Targeting myeloid-derived suppressor cells for cancer therapy
Tang, H., Li, H., & Sun, Z. (2021) · Cancer Biology and Medicine · doi:10.20892/j.issn.2095-3941.2020.0806 · Cited by 32
The Liver Pre-Metastatic Niche in Pancreatic Cancer: A Potential Opportunity for Intervention
Gumberger, P., Björnsson, B., Sandström, P., Bojmar, L., & Zambirinis, C. P. (2022) · Cancers · doi:10.3390/cancers14123028 · Cited by 35
“CXCR2, a member of the chemokine receptor family expressed by neutrophils and MDSCs, is known to play a role in their recruitment to sites of inflammation, as well as within tumors [60,61].”
Background
Nivolumab plus ipilimumab combination therapy in cancer: Current evidence to date
Nikoo, M., Rabiee, F., Mohebbi, H., Eghbalifard, N., Rajabi, H., Yazdani, Y., Sakhaei, D., Khosravifarsani, M., & Akhavan‐Sigari, R. (2023) · International Immunopharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.intimp.2023.109881 · Cited by 33
Risk‐based treatment for patients with first relapse or progression of rhabdomyosarcoma: A report from the Children's Oncology Group
Mascarenhas, L., Lyden, E. R., Breitfeld, P. P., Walterhouse, D. O., Donaldson, S. S., Rodeberg, D. A., Parham, D. M., Anderson, J. R., Meyer, W. H., & Hawkins, D. S. (2019) · Cancer · doi:10.1002/cncr.32122 · Cited by 32
Advances in immunotherapy for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma
Miyazawa, M., Katsuda, M., Kawai, M., Hirono, S., Okada, K., Kitahata, Y., & Yamaue, H. (2021) · Journal of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Sciences · doi:10.1002/jhbp.944 · Cited by 32
RNAi mediated silencing of STAT3/PD-L1 in tumor-associated immune cells induces robust anti-tumor effects in immunotherapy resistant tumors
Ganesh, S., Kim, M. J., Lee, J., Feng, X., Ule, K., Mahan, A. L., Krishnan, H. S., Wang, Z., Anzahaee, M. Y., Singhal, G., et al. (2024) · Molecular Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.ymthe.2024.03.035 · Cited by 31
“In addition, the preferential expression of CxCr2, Slc27a2, and Ptgs2 by G-MDSC, which are indicative of the recruitment and suppressive activity of G-MDSC compared with M-MDSCs 41,42 (Figures 2E and 2F) further con ﬁ rmed the identity of G-MDSC.”
CXCR2 deficient mice display macrophage-dependent exaggerated acute inflammatory responses
Dyer, D. P., Pallas, K. J., Medina‐Ruiz, L., Schuette, F., Wilson, G. J., & Graham, G. J. (2017) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/srep42681 · Cited by 31
Plasma Protein Binding as an Optimizable Parameter for Acidic Drugs
Gardiner, P., Cox, R. J., & Grime, K. (2019) · Drug Metabolism and Disposition · doi:10.1124/dmd.119.087163 · Cited by 32
Brief review on the roles of neutrophils in cancer development
Wang, L., Chen, J., Chen, G., Lin, Z., Xie, X., & Dai, H. (2020) · Journal of Leukocyte Biology · doi:10.1002/jlb.4mr0820-011r · Cited by 33
Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells Are a Major Source of Wnt5A in the Melanoma Microenvironment and Depend on Wnt5A for Full Suppressive Activity
Douglass, S. M., Fane, M. E., Sanseviero, E., Ecker, B. L., Kugel, C. H., Behera, R., Kumar, V., Tcyganov, E. N., Yin, X., Liu, Q., et al. (2020) · Cancer Research · doi:10.1158/0008-5472.can-20-1238 · Cited by 31
“In addition to this, both CXCR2, which is a potent chemokine receptor expressed on MDSCs and involved in site-specific migration, and itsmain ligandCXCL1were significantly associatedwith Wnt5A expression in melanoma tumors (Fig.”
BackgroundInfluential
Analysis of Gastric Cancer Transcriptome Allows the Identification of Histotype Specific Molecular Signatures With Prognostic Potential
Carino, A., Graziosi, L., Marchianò, S., Biagioli, M., Marino, E., Sepe, V., Zampella, A., Distrutti, E., Donini, A., & Fiorucci, S. (2021) · Frontiers in Oncology · doi:10.3389/fonc.2021.663771 · Cited by 31
Suppressive neutrophils require PIM1 for metabolic fitness and survival during chronic viral infection
Volberding, P. J., Xin, G., Kasmani, M. Y., Khatun, A., Brown, A. K., Nguyen, C. P., Stancill, J. S., Martinez, E., Corbett, J. A., & Cui, W. (2021) · Cell Reports · doi:10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109160 · Cited by 30
“…(Najjar et al., 2017), Csf3r (encodes the granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) receptor; Li et al., 2016; Trikha and Carson, 2014), Cxcr2 (Highfill et al., 2014; Katoh et al., 2013; Sun et al., 2019), Fabp5 (Bogdan et al., 2018; Veglia et al., 2019), Arg2 (encodes type II mitochondrial…”
Immunotherapy and Targeting the Tumor Microenvironment: Current Place and New Insights in Primary Pulmonary NUT Carcinoma
Li, X., Shi, H. R., Zhang, W., Bai, C., He, M., Ta, N., Huang, H., Ning, Y., Chen, F., Qin, H., et al. (2021) · Frontiers in Oncology · doi:10.3389/fonc.2021.690115 · Cited by 30
Immunotherapeutic IL-6R and targeting the MCT-1/IL-6/CXCL7/PD-L1 circuit prevent relapse and metastasis of triple-negative breast cancer
Haq, A. T. A., Yang, P., Jin, C. A., Shih, J., Chen, L., Tseng, H., Chen, Y., Weng, Y., Wang, L., Snyder, M. P., et al. (2024) · Theranostics · doi:10.7150/thno.92922 · Cited by 30
“In agreement with this notion, the previous study has reported that inhibition of the PD-1/PD-L1 axis increases CD8(+) CTLs and inhibits rhabdomyosarcoma in CXCR2-deficient mice [79].”
Result
Mechanisms of Resistance to Anti-PD-1 Immunotherapy in Melanoma and Strategies to Overcome It
Zielińska, M. K., Ciążyńska, M. A., Sulejczak, D., Rutkowski, P. L., & Czarnecka, A. M. (2025) · Biomolecules · doi:10.3390/biom15020269 · Cited by 30
“Studies have shown that targeting MDSCs can improve the efficacy of anti-PD-1 [90,91].”
Distinctive molecular responses to ultraviolet radiation between keratinocytes and melanocytes
Sun, X., Kim, A. L., Nakatani, M., Shen, Y., & Liu, L. (2016) · Experimental Dermatology · doi:10.1111/exd.13057 · Cited by 29
Virotherapy-recruited PMN-MDSC infiltration of mesothelioma blocks antitumor CTL by IL-10-mediated dendritic cell suppression
Tan, Z., Liu, L., Chiu, M. S., Cheung, K., Yan, C. W., Yu, Z., Lee, B. K., Liu, W., Man, K., & Chen, Z. (2018) · OncoImmunology · doi:10.1080/2162402x.2018.1518672 · Cited by 30
“To study this, the expression of chemokine receptors on both MDSC subsets and the levels of chemokines in rMVTT-treated tumors were examined.(29,30) Flow cytometric analysis of chemokine receptor expression revealed that CXCR2 was expressed only on PMN-MDSCs but not on M-MDSCs.”
MethodResult
Recent Advances in Pediatric Cancer Research
McEachron, T. A., & Helman, L. J. (2021) · Cancer Research · doi:10.1158/0008-5472.can-21-1191 · Cited by 35
“Fibrocytes have been shown to promote an immunosuppressive microenvironment and undermine the efficacy of immunecheckpoint inhibition in a syngeneic embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma model (192).”
Background
The Role of TLR4 in the Immunotherapy of Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Can We Teach an Old Dog New Tricks?
Papadakos, S. P., Arvanitakis, K., Stergiou, I. Ε., Lekakis, V., Davakis, S., Christodoulou, M., Germanidis, G. S., & Theocharis, S. E. (2023) · Cancers · doi:10.3390/cancers15102795 · Cited by 31
Specific inhibition of PI3Kδ/γ enhances the efficacy of anti-PD1 against osteosarcoma cancer
Shi, X., Li, X., Wang, H., Yu, Z., Zhu, Y., & Gao, Y. (2018) · Journal of bone oncology · doi:10.1016/j.jbo.2018.11.001 · Cited by 29
Leukocytosis and neutrophilia as independent prognostic immunological biomarkers for clinical outcome in the CAO/ARO/AIO‐04 randomized phase 3 rectal cancer trial
Diefenhardt, M., Hofheinz, R., Martin, D., Beißbarth, T., Arnold, D., Hartmann, A., von der Grün, J., Grützmann, R., Liersch, T., Ströbel, P., et al. (2019) · International Journal of Cancer · doi:10.1002/ijc.32274 · Cited by 30
Nanomedicines modulating myeloid-derived suppressor cells for improving cancer immunotherapy
Dai, X., Ren, L. F., Liu, M., Cai, H., Zhang, H., Gong, Q., Gu, Z., & Luo, K. (2021) · Nano Today · doi:10.1016/j.nantod.2021.101163 · Cited by 29
Self-citation
Optimized CAR-T therapy based on spatiotemporal changes and chemotactic mechanisms of MDSCs induced by hypofractionated radiotherapy
Zhang, B., Hu, M., Ma, Q., Li, K., Li, X., He, X., Shu, P., Chen, Y., Gao, G., Qin, D., et al. (2023) · Molecular Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.ymthe.2023.04.008 · Cited by 29
The Sweet Surrender: How Myeloid Cell Metabolic Plasticity Shapes the Tumor Microenvironment
Sieow, J. L., Gun, S. Y., & Wong, S. C. (2018) · Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology · doi:10.3389/fcell.2018.00168 · Cited by 29
Diurnal rhythms in calcium and phosphate metabolism in rodents and their relations to lighting and feeding schedules.
Shinoda, H., & Seto, H. (1985) · PubMed · Cited by 29
Further knowledge and developments in resistance mechanisms to immune checkpoint inhibitors
Berland, L., Gabr, Z., Chang, M., Ilié, M., Hofman, V., Rignol, G., Ghiringhelli, F., Mograbi, B., Rashidian, M., & Hofman, P. M. (2024) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2024.1384121 · Cited by 31
Can the co-dependence of the immune system and angiogenesis facilitate pharmacological targeting of tumours?
Mortara, L., Benest, A. V., Bates, D. O., & Noonan, D. M. (2017) · Current Opinion in Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.coph.2017.05.009 · Cited by 27
Novel Combinatorial Approaches to Tackle the Immunosuppressive Microenvironment of Prostate Cancer
Shackleton, E. G., Ali, H. Y., Khan, M. A., Pockley, A. G., & McArdle, S. (2021) · Cancers · doi:10.3390/cancers13051145 · Cited by 29
CXCL3 Signaling in the Tumor Microenvironment
Reyes, N., Figueroa, S., Tiwari, R. K., & Geliebter, J. (2021) · Advances in experimental medicine and biology · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-62658-7_2 · Cited by 28
Pirfenidone Reduces Epithelial–Mesenchymal Transition and Spheroid Formation in Breast Carcinoma through Targeting Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts (CAFs)
Es, H. A., Cox, T. R., Sarafraz-Yazdi, E., Thiery, J. P., & Warkiani, M. E. (2021) · Cancers · doi:10.3390/cancers13205118 · Cited by 28
Role of myeloid-derived suppressor cells in tumor recurrence
Cole, K., Al-Kadhimi, Z. S., & Talmadge, J. E. (2023) · Cancer and Metastasis Reviews · doi:10.1007/s10555-023-10079-1 · Cited by 30
“Consistent with these observations, several studies have documented a relationship between MDSC infiltration and PD1 blockade resistance, and that selective depletion of MDSCs could restore antiPD1 therapy efficacy [297, 298].”
Result
Tumor-derived G-CSF induces an immunosuppressive microenvironment in an osteosarcoma model, reducing response to CAR.GD2 T-cells
Pezzella, M., Quintarelli, C., Quadraccia, M. C., Sarcinelli, A., Manni, S., Iaffaldano, L., Ottaviani, A., Ciccone, R., Camera, A., D'Amore, M. L., et al. (2024) · Journal of Hematology & Oncology · doi:10.1186/s13045-024-01641-7 · Cited by 27
The CXCL1-CXCR2 Axis as a Component of Therapy Resistance, a Source of Side Effects in Cancer Treatment, and a Therapeutic Target
Korbecki, J., Bosiacki, M., Pilarczyk, M., Kot, M., Defort, P., Walaszek, I., Chlubek, D., & Baranowska‐Bosiacka, I. (2025) · Cancers · doi:10.3390/cancers17101674 · Cited by 27
“CXCL1 chemokine induces angiogenesis [17,18,29,30] and recruitment of G-MDSCs [31,32] and neutrophils [33] into the tumor niche.”
Dietary Choline Supplementation Attenuates High-Fat-Diet–Induced Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Mice
Brown, A. L., Conrad, K. A., Allende, D. S., Gromovsky, A. D., Zhang, R., Neumann, C. K. A., Owens, A. P., Tranter, M., & Helsley, R. N. (2019) · Journal of Nutrition · doi:10.1093/jn/nxz315 · Cited by 27
“Circulating MDSC concentrations can predict which individuals will respond to immunotherapy-based approaches, and depletion of these cells can have substantial antitumor effects (27).”
Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells: Facilitators of Cancer and Obesity-Induced Cancer
Ostrand‐Rosenberg, S. (2020) · Annual Review of Cancer Biology · doi:10.1146/annurev-cancerbio-042120-105240 · Cited by 27

Authors: Highfill, S. L., Cui, Y., Giles, A. J., Smith, J. P., Zhang, H., Morse, E., Kaplan, R. N., & Mackall, C. L.
Affiliations: National Institutes of Health (US)
Corresponding author: Mackall, Crystal L.
ORCID: Highfill, Steven L.
Cui, Yongzhi
Giles, Amber J.
Zhang, Hua
Kaplan, Rosandra N.
Mackall, Crystal L.
Venue: Science Translational Medicine
Publisher: American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
Published: 2014-05-21
Volume: 6
Issue: 237
Pages: 237ra67-237ra67
ISSN: 1946-6234 (ISSN-L)
1946-6242
DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.3007974
PMC: PMC6980372
OpenAlex: W2171524684
Cited by: 767
References: 50
Citations by year: 2026: 55 · 2025: 62 · 2024: 57 · 2023: 83 · 2022: 73 · 2021: 100 · 2020: 91 · 2019: 60 · 2018: 52 · 2017: 52 · 2016: 38 · 2015: 31 · 2014: 12
FWCI: 20.24
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Locations: Science Translational Medicine (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders: National Institutes of Health
National Cancer Institute (Z01BC011072, Z01BC010566, Z01SC010289)
Topics: Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Immune cells in cancer
Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Cancer Immunotherapy and Biomarkers
Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Chemokine receptors and signaling
Keywords: CXCR2, myeloid-derived suppressor cells, tumor immune evasion, anti-PD-1 therapy, rhabdomyosarcoma, pediatric sarcoma, interleukin-8, PD-L1, tumor immunosuppression
MeSH terms: Adolescent, Adult, Animals, Antibodies, Monoclonal, Antigens, Ly, Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols, Chemotaxis, Child, Child, Preschool, Female, Humans, Male, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Prognosis, Rhabdomyosarcoma, Time Factors, Neoplastic Stem Cells, Case-Control Studies, Cytokines, Interleukin-8, Mice, Knockout, Tumor Escape, Receptors, Interleukin-8B, CD11b Antigen, Cell Line, Tumor, Tumor Burden, Mice, Chemokine CXCL1, Young Adult, Tumor Microenvironment, B7-H1 Antigen

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

Disruption of CXCR2-Mediated MDSC Tumor Trafficking Enhances Anti-PD1 Efficacy

Abstract

Overview

Integrity signals

Verification

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Self-check

Citations

Cites

Cited by

Related

Metadata

Record

About these checks