Cited by 145Oral microbiology and periodontitis researchBacterial biofilms and quorum sensingDental Health and Care Utilization

Mass Transport of Macromolecules within an In Vitro Model of Supragingival Plaque

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Thurnheer, Thomas, Gmür, Rudolf, Shapiro, Stuart, Guggenheim, Bernhard·2003·Applied and Environmental Microbiology

Abstract

The aim of this study was to examine the diffusion of macromolecules through an in vitro biofilm model of supragingival plaque. Polyspecies biofilms containing Actinomyces naeslundii , Fusobacterium nucleatum , Streptococcus oralis , Streptococcus sobrinus , Veillonella dispar , and Candida albicans were formed on sintered hydroxyapatite disks and then incubated at room temperature for defined periods with fluorescent markers with molecular weights ranging from 3,000 to 900,000. Subsequent examination by confocal laser scanning microscopy revealed that the mean square penetration depths for all tested macromolecules except immunoglobulin M increased linearly with time, diffusion coefficients being linearly proportional to the cube roots of the molecular weights of the probes (range, 10,000 to 240,000). Compared to diffusion in bulk water, diffusion in the biofilms was markedly slower. The rate of diffusion for each probe appeared to be constant and not a function of biofilm depth. Analysis of diffusion phenomena through the biofilms suggested tortuosity as the most probable explanation for retarded diffusion. Selective binding of probes to receptors present in the biofilms could not explain the observed extent of retardation of diffusion. These results are relevant to oral health, as selective attenuated diffusion of fermentable carbohydrates and acids produced within dental plaque is thought to be essential for the development of carious lesions.

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Registry

Crossref · 10.1128/aem.69.3.1702-1709.2003

Cites

62 of 62 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

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  • Thurnheer et al found that penetration depths of macromolecules decreased linearly for molecular weights up to 240,000 Da in Zurich biofilm model of supragingival plaque.

    “Thurnheer et al242 found that penetration depths of macromolecules decreased linearly for molecular weights up to 240,000 Da in their Zurich biofilm model of supragingival plaque.”

    From The dental plaque biofilm matrix (2021) · cites this paper as [242]

  • Mixed-species biofilms cultured in vitro retard the penetration of immunoglobulin G (IgG) and immunoglobulin M antibodies, to the point where IgG does not reach the center of clusters a few hundred micrometers in diameter.

    “Mixed-species biofilms cultured in vitro retard the penetration of immunoglobulin G (IgG) and immunoglobulin M antibodies, to the point where IgG does not reach the center of clusters a few hundred micrometers in diameter.242,250”

    From The dental plaque biofilm matrix (2021) · cites this paper as [242]

  • Exopolysaccharides create chemical and metabolic gradients within biofilms that affect chemical and nutrient cycling as well as diffusion, thus altering the microenvironment and pH within the biofilm consortium.

    “Furthermore, exopolysaccharides create chemical and metabolic gradients within biofilms that affect chemical and nutrient cycling as well as diffusion, thus altering the microenvironment and pH within biofilms consortium.”

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Authors
Thurnheer, T., Gmür, R., Shapiro, S., & Guggenheim, B.
Affiliations
  • University of Zurich (CH)
  • Institute for Oral Microbiology and General Immunology, University of Zürich, CH-8028 Zürich, Switzerland
Venue
Applied and Environmental Microbiology
Published
2003-03
Volume
69
Issue
3
Pages
1702-1709
ISSN
  • 0099-2240 (ISSN-L)
  • 1098-5336
OpenAlex
W2166083475
Cited by
145
References
62
Citations by year
2026: 1 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 10 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 11 · 2014: 6 · 2013: 11 · 2012: 6
FWCI
9.97
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Applied and Environmental Microbiology (publishedVersion)
  • Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Zurich Open Repository and Archive (University of Zurich) (acceptedVersion, other-oa)
  • Zurich Open Repository and Archive (University of Zurich) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
  • Zurich Open Repository and Archive (University of Zurich)
Funders
Universität Konstanz
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Dentistry › Periodontics › Oral microbiology and periodontitis research
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Bacterial biofilms and quorum sensing
  • Health Sciences › Dentistry › Periodontics › Dental Health and Care Utilization
Keywords
supragingival plaque, dental plaque, macromolecular diffusion, diffusion coefficient, molecular weight dependence, tortuosity, fluorescent probes, immunoglobulin M, Actinomyces naeslundii, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Streptococcus sobrinus, Streptococcus oralis, Veillonella dispar, Candida albicans, hydroxyapatite, caries development, oral health
MeSH terms
Actinomyces, Albumins, Candida albicans, Dental Plaque, Dextrans, Diffusion, Fluorescent Dyes, Gingiva, Models, Biological, Veillonella, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Streptococcus sobrinus, Biofilms, Streptococcus oralis, Macromolecular Substances

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