Dental Plaque as a Microbial Biofilm
Abstract
New technologies have provided novel insights into how dental plaque functions as a biofilm. Confocal microscopy has confirmed that plaque has an open architecture similar to other biofilms, with channels and voids. Gradients develop in areas of dense biomass over short distances in key parameters that influence microbial growth and distribution. Bacteria exhibit an altered pattern of gene expression either as a direct result of being on a surface or indirectly as a response to the local environmental heterogeneity within the biofilm. Bacteria communicate via small diffusible signalling molecules (e.g. competence-stimulating peptide, CSP; autoinducer 2); CSP induces both genetic competence and acid tolerance in recipient sessile cells. Thus, rates of gene transfer increase in biofilm communities, and this is one of several mechanisms (others include: diffusion-reaction, neutralization/inactivation, slow growth rates, novel phenotype) that contribute to the increased antimicrobial resistance exhibited by bacteria in biofilms. Oral bacteria in plaque do not exist as independent entities but function as a co-ordinated, spatially organized and fully metabolically integrated microbial community, the properties of which are greater than the sum of the component species. A greater understanding of the significance of dental plaque as a mixed culture biofilm will lead to novel control strategies.
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Bacteria embedded in biofilms can be up to 1000 times more tolerant toward antimicrobials than their planktonic counterparts.
“bacteria embedded in biofilms can be up to 1000 times more tolerant toward antimicrobials than their planktonic counterparts.294,295”
From The dental plaque biofilm matrix (2021) · cites this paper as [295]
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- Authors
- Marsh, P. D.
- Affiliations
- Health Protection Agency (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Marsh, P.D.
- ORCID
- Marsh, P.D.
- Venue
- Caries Research
- Publisher
- S. Karger AG
- Published
- 2004
- Volume
- 38
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 204-211
- ISSN
- 0008-6568 (ISSN-L)
- 1421-976X
- OpenAlex
- W2093290488
- Cited by
- 763
- References
- 74
- Citations by year
- 2026: 23 · 2025: 26 · 2024: 46 · 2023: 33 · 2022: 34 · 2021: 52 · 2020: 58 · 2019: 38 · 2018: 43 · 2017: 49 · 2016: 35 · 2015: 31 · 2014: 38 · 2013: 36 · 2012: 48
- FWCI
- 7.70
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Caries Research (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Bacterial biofilms and quorum sensing
- Health Sciences › Dentistry › Periodontics › Oral microbiology and periodontitis research
- Health Sciences › Dentistry › Orthodontics › Dental materials and restorations
- Keywords
- dental plaque, biofilm, oral bacteria, biofilm structure, environmental heterogeneity, gene expression, quorum sensing, competence-stimulating peptide, autoinducer-2, genetic competence, acid resistance, horizontal gene transfer, antimicrobial resistance, microbial communities, mixed-culture biofilms, plaque control
- MeSH terms
- Bacterial Adhesion, Cell Communication, Dental Plaque, Humans, Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial, Ecosystem, Biofilms, Gene Transfer, Horizontal, Drug Resistance, Bacterial
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