The DOI matches its Crossref record; 18 of the 18 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Validation of Serological Correlate of Protection for Meningococcal C Conjugate Vaccine by Using Efficacy Estimates from Postlicensure Surveillance in England
Open accessAbstract
Meningococcal C conjugate (MCC) vaccines were licensed on the basis of serological correlates of protection without efficacy data. The original correlate of protection was established by using a serum bactericidal antibody assay (SBA) with human complement (hSBA), with titers ≥4 predicting protection. However, the antibody data supporting licensure were largely generated by SBA with rabbit complement (rSBA), which gives higher titers than hSBA. While rSBA titers ≥128 reliably predict protection, as measured by hSBA, sera with rSBA titers in the range of 8 to 64 may not have hSBA titers ≥4. For rSBA titers in this equivocal range, a fourfold rise pre- to postvaccination with the MCC vaccine and/or a characteristic booster response to a polysaccharide challenge was proposed as a correlate of protection. To validate this proposed rSBA correlate, age-specific efficacy estimates for MCC vaccines obtained from postlicensure surveillance in England were compared with the efficacy predicted by the percentage of individuals in these age groups with rSBA titers above different cutoffs at 4 weeks and at 7 to 9 months after vaccination with the MCC vaccine. The average time since vaccination in the cohorts in whom efficacy was measured ranged from 8 to 10 months. The rSBA cutoff of ≥128 was shown to significantly underestimate efficacy, with rSBA cutoffs of ≥4 or ≥8 at 4 weeks postvaccination with the MCC vaccine being the most consistent with observed efficacy. When the levels obtained 7 to 9 months postvaccination with the MCC vaccine were used, all rSBA cutoffs significantly underestimated efficacy, suggesting that continuing protection is less dependent on the SBA level at the time of exposure but is more reliant on immunologic memory.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
HUMAN IMMUNITY TO THE MENINGOCOCCUS
Goldschneider, I., Gotschlich, E. C., & Artenstein, M. S. (1969) · The Journal of Experimental Medicine · doi:10.1084/jem.129.6.1307 · Cited by 1,294
Methods in molecular medicine.
Craig, R. K. (1987) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.295.6599.646 · Cited by 1,057
HUMAN IMMUNITY TO THE MENINGOCOCCUS
Goldschneider, I., Gotschlich, E. C., & Artenstein, M. S. (1969) · The Journal of Experimental Medicine · doi:10.1084/jem.129.6.1327 · Cited by 995
Miller, E., Salisbury, D., & Ramsay, M. (2001) · Vaccine · doi:10.1016/s0264-410x(01)00299-7 · Cited by 482
Self-citationMaslanka, S. E., Gheesling, L. L., Libutti, D. E., Donaldson, K. B., Harakeh, H. S., Dykes, J. K., Arhin, F. F., Devi, S. J., Frasch, C. E., Huang, J. C., et al. (1997) · Clinical Diagnostic Laboratory Immunology · doi:10.1128/cdli.4.2.156-167.1997 · Cited by 420
Efficacy of meningococcal serogroup C conjugate vaccine in teenagers and toddlers in England
Ramsay, M. E., Andrews, N., Kaczmarski, E. B., & Miller, E. (2001) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(00)03594-7 · Cited by 338
Self-citationBorrow, R., Andrews, N., Goldblatt, D., & Miller, E. (2001) · Infection and Immunity · doi:10.1128/iai.69.3.1568-1573.2001 · Cited by 316
Self-citationEstimation of Vaccine Effectiveness Using the Screening Method
FARRINGTON, C. P. (1993) · International Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/ije/22.4.742 · Cited by 261
Meningococcal Serogroup C Conjugate Vaccine Is Immunogenic in Infancy and Primes for Memory
Richmond, P., Borrow, R., Miller, E., Clark, S., Sadler, F., Fox, A., Begg, N., Morris, R., & Cartwright, K. (1999) · The Journal of Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1086/314753 · Cited by 240
Self-citationRichmond, P., Borrow, R., Goldblatt, D., Findlow, J., Martin, S., Morris, R., Cartwright, K., & Miller, E. (2001) · The Journal of Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1086/317646 · Cited by 219
Self-citation
Cited by
Shankar, G., Devanarayan, V., Amaravadi, L., Barrett, Y. C., Bowsher, R., Finco-Kent, D., Fiscella, M., Gorovits, B., Kirschner, S., Moxness, M., et al. (2008) · Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis · doi:10.1016/j.jpba.2008.09.020 · Cited by 613
Andrews, N. J., Waight, P. A., Burbidge, P., Pearce, E., Roalfe, L., Zancolli, M., Slack, M., Ladhani, S. N., Miller, E., & Goldblatt, D. (2014) · The Lancet Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1016/s1473-3099(14)70822-9 · Cited by 545
Self-citationMaintaining protection against invasive bacteria with protein–polysaccharide conjugate vaccines
Pollard, A. J., Perrett, K. P., & Beverley, P. C. (2009) · Nature Reviews Immunology · doi:10.1038/nri2494 · Cited by 485
Jódar, L., Butler, J., Carlone, G., Dagan, R., Goldblatt, D., Käyhty, H., Klugman, K., Plikaytis, B., Siber, G., Kohberger, R., et al. (2003) · Vaccine · doi:10.1016/s0264-410x(03)00230-5 · Cited by 388
Updates on immunologic correlates of vaccine-induced protection
Plotkin, S. A. (2020) · Vaccine · doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2019.10.046 · Cited by 165
Metadata
- Authors
- Andrews, N., Borrow, R., & Miller, E.
- Venue
- Clinical and Vaccine Immunology
- Publisher
- American Society for Microbiology
- Published
- 2003-09
- Volume
- 10
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 780-786
- ISSN
- 1556-679X (ISSN-L)
- 1556-6811
- OpenAlex
- W2128589740
- Cited by
- 323
- References
- 18
- FWCI
- 13.66
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- diamond
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Validation of Serological Correlate of Protection for Meningococcal C Conjugate Vaccine by Using Efficacy Estimates from Postlicensure Surveillance in England. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1128/cdli.10.5.780-786.2003
- The paper
- Andrews, N., Borrow, R., & Miller, E. (2003). Validation of Serological Correlate of Protection for Meningococcal C Conjugate Vaccine by Using Efficacy Estimates from Postlicensure Surveillance in England. Clinical and Vaccine Immunology. https://doi.org/10.1128/cdli.10.5.780-786.2003
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
