The DOI matches its Crossref record; 399 of the 399 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Efflux-Mediated Antifungal Drug Resistance
Open accessAbstract
SUMMARY: Fungi cause serious infections in the immunocompromised and debilitated, and the incidence of invasive mycoses has increased significantly over the last 3 decades. Slow diagnosis and the relatively few classes of antifungal drugs result in high attributable mortality for systemic fungal infections. Azole antifungals are commonly used for fungal infections, but azole resistance can be a problem for some patient groups. High-level, clinically significant azole resistance usually involves overexpression of plasma membrane efflux pumps belonging to the ATP-binding cassette (ABC) or the major facilitator superfamily class of transporters. The heterologous expression of efflux pumps in model systems, such Saccharomyces cerevisiae, has enabled the functional analysis of efflux pumps from a variety of fungi. Phylogenetic analysis of the ABC pleiotropic drug resistance family has provided a new view of the evolution of this important class of efflux pumps. There are several ways in which the clinical significance of efflux-mediated antifungal drug resistance can be mitigated. Alternative antifungal drugs, such as the echinocandins, that are not efflux pump substrates provide one option. Potential therapeutic approaches that could overcome azole resistance include targeting efflux pump transcriptional regulators and fungal stress response pathways, blockade of energy supply, and direct inhibition of efflux pumps.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“In contrast, efflux-mediated resistance mechanisms are not involved in adaptive resistance to echinocandins or polyenes, as they are poor pump substrates49.”
From Molecular mechanisms governing antifungal drug resistance (2023) · cites this paper as [49]
In the citing paper
“A responsible mechanism for decreasing the intracellular concentration of azole relies on an upregulation of two principal families of efflux pumps (reviewed in [96]). These transporters differ in the source of energy used to pump out the drug and in the specificity of the azole molecule. The Cdr pumps belong to the superfamily of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters and are able to extrude all”
From Candida Infections, Causes, Targets, and Resistance Mechanisms: Traditional and Alternative Antifungal Agents (2013) · cites this paper as [96]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
PHYLIP-Phylogeny inference package (Version 3.2)
Felsenstein, J. (1989) · Cladistics · Cited by 17,682
MUSCLE: a multiple sequence alignment method with reduced time and space complexity
Edgar, R. C. (2004) · BMC Bioinformatics · doi:10.1186/1471-2105-5-113 · Cited by 9,119
Goffeau, A., Barrell, B. G., Bussey, H., Davis, R. W., Dujon, B., Feldmann, H., Galibert, F., Hoheisel, J. D., Jacq, C., Johnston, M., et al. (1996) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.274.5287.546 · Cited by 4,423
Self-citationEpidemiology of Invasive Candidiasis: a Persistent Public Health Problem
Pfaller, M. A., & Diekema, D. J. (2007) · Clinical Microbiology Reviews · doi:10.1128/cmr.00029-06 · Cited by 4,174 · cited 5×
“glabrata, or Candida lusitaniae (275) which occurs mainly in AIDS patients or otherwise severely immunocompromised individuals.”
BackgroundInfluentialFunctional Characterization of the S. cerevisiae Genome by Gene Deletion and Parallel Analysis
Winzeler, E. A., Shoemaker, D. D., Astromoff, A., Liang, H., Anderson, K., Andre, B., Bangham, R., Benito, R., Boeke, J. D., Bussey, H., et al. (1999) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.285.5429.901 · Cited by 3,953
A surface glycoprotein modulating drug permeability in Chinese hamster ovary cell mutants
Juliano, R. L., & Ling, V. W. T. (1976) · Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Biomembranes · doi:10.1016/0005-2736(76)90160-7 · Cited by 3,317
Voriconazole versus Amphotericin B for Primary Therapy of Invasive Aspergillosis
Herbrecht, R., Denning, D. W., Patterson, T. F., Bennett, J. E., Greene, R. E., Oestmann, J.-W., Kern, W. V., Marr, K. A., Ribaud, P., Lortholary, O., et al. (2002) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa020191 · Cited by 3,304
Functional Discovery via a Compendium of Expression Profiles
Hughes, T. R., Marton, M. J., Jones, A. R., Roberts, C. J., Stoughton, R. B., Armour, C. D., Bennett, H. A., Coffey, E. M., Dai, H. A., He, Y. D., et al. (2000) · Cell · doi:10.1016/s0092-8674(00)00015-5 · Cited by 2,534
Dujon, B., Sherman, D., Fischer, G., Durrens, P., Casaregola, S., Lafontaine, I., de Montigny, J., Marck, C., Neuvéglise, C., Talla, E., et al. (2004) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature02579 · Cited by 1,623
Tsuruo, T., Iida, H., Tsukagoshi, S., & Sakurai, Y. (1981) · PubMed · Cited by 1,459
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Antifungal Drug Resistance: Molecular Mechanisms in Candida albicans and Beyond
Lee, Y., Puumala, E., Robbins, N., & Cowen, L. E. (2021) · Chemical Reviews · doi:10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c00199 · Cited by 801
Ramage, G., Rajendran, R., Sherry, L., & Williams, C. (2012) · International Journal of Microbiology · doi:10.1155/2012/528521 · Cited by 583
Regulatory circuitry governing fungal development, drug resistance, and disease.
Shapiro, R. S., Robbins, N., & Cowen, L. E. (2011) · Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews · doi:10.1128/mmbr.00045-10 · Cited by 576
Candidiasis and Mechanisms of Antifungal Resistance
Bhattacharya, S., Sae-Tia, S., & Fries, B. C. (2020) · Antibiotics · doi:10.3390/antibiotics9060312 · Cited by 474
Antifungal Therapy: New Advances in the Understanding and Treatment of Mycosis
Scorzoni, L., de Paula e Silva, A. C. A., Marcos, C. M., Assato, P. A., de Melo, W. C. M. A., de Oliveira, H. C., Costa-Orlandi, C. B., Mendes-Giannini, M. J. S., & Fusco-Almeida, A. M. (2017) · Frontiers in Microbiology · doi:10.3389/fmicb.2017.00036 · Cited by 418
Metadata
- Authors
- Cannon, R. D., Lamping, E., Holmes, A. R., Niimi, K., Baret, P. V., Keniya, M. V., Tanabe, K., Niimi, M., Goffeau, A., & Monk, B. C.
- Affiliations
- University of Otago (NZ)
- UCLouvain (BE)
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases (JP)
- Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
- ORCID
- Venue
- Clinical Microbiology Reviews
- Publisher
- American Society for Microbiology
- Published
- 2009-04
- Volume
- 22
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 291-321
- ISSN
- 0893-8512 (ISSN-L)
- 1098-6618
- PMC
- PMC2668233
- OpenAlex
- W2163758697
- Cited by
- 608
- References
- 399
- Citations by year
- 2026: 28 · 2025: 30 · 2024: 33 · 2023: 35 · 2022: 32 · 2021: 44 · 2020: 42 · 2019: 34 · 2018: 28 · 2017: 40 · 2016: 35 · 2015: 36 · 2014: 51 · 2013: 42 · 2012: 32
- FWCI
- 3.56
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Clinical Microbiology Reviews (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DIAL (Catholic University of Leuven) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (R01DE016885)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › Antifungal resistance and susceptibility
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Drug Transport and Resistance Mechanisms
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Fungal and yeast genetics research
- Keywords
- azole resistance, ABC transporters, major facilitator superfamily, pleiotropic drug resistance, echinocandins, fungal stress response, efflux pump inhibition, invasive fungal infections, antifungal drug development
- MeSH terms
- Antifungal Agents, DNA-Binding Proteins, Fungal Proteins, Fungi, Humans, Membrane Proteins, Mycoses, Transcription Factors, ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters, Drug Resistance, Fungal, Membrane Transport Proteins
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
