Functional Characterization of the S. cerevisiae Genome by Gene Deletion and Parallel Analysis
Abstract
The functions of many open reading frames (ORFs) identified in genome-sequencing projects are unknown. New, whole-genome approaches are required to systematically determine their function. A total of 6925 Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains were constructed, by a high-throughput strategy, each with a precise deletion of one of 2026 ORFs (more than one-third of the ORFs in the genome). Of the deleted ORFs, 17 percent were essential for viability in rich medium. The phenotypes of more than 500 deletion strains were assayed in parallel. Of the deletion strains, 40 percent showed quantitative growth defects in either rich or minimal medium.
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In several fungal species, including S. cerevisiae and C. albicans, it is estimated that ∼20% of open reading frames are essential.
“In several fungal species, including the model yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae and the distantly related fungal pathogen C. albicans, it is estimated that ∼20% of the open reading frames in their genomes are essential (Winzeler et al. 1999; Segal et al. 2018).”
From Genetic analysis of Hsp90 function in <i>Cryptococcus neoformans</i> highlights key roles in stress tolerance and virulence (2022) · cites this paper as Winzeler et al. 1999
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- Authors
- Winzeler, E. A., Shoemaker, D. D., Astromoff, A., Liang, H., Anderson, K., Andre, B., Bangham, R., Benito, R., Boeke, J. D., Bussey, H., Chu, A. M., Connelly, C., Davis, K., Dietrich, F., Dow, S. W., El Bakkoury, M., Foury, F., Friend, S. H., Gentalen, E., Giaever, G., Hegemann, J. H., Jones, T., Laub, M., Liao, H., Liebundguth, N., Lockhart, D. J., Lucau-Danila, A., Lussier, M., M'Rabet, N., Menard, P., Mittmann, M., Pai, C., Rebischung, C., Revuelta, J. L., Riles, L., Roberts, C. J., Ross-MacDonald, P., Scherens, B., Snyder, M., Sookhai-Mahadeo, S., Storms, R. K., Véronneau, S., Voet, M., Volckaert, G., Ward, T. R., Wysocki, R., Yen, G. S., Yu, K., Zimmermann, K., Philippsen, P., Johnston, M., & Davis, R. W.
- Affiliations
- Stanford Medicine (US)
- Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ, USA (United States) (US)
- Universite Libre de Bruxelles, Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et de Genetique des Levures, Campus Plaine, Brussels CP244, Belgium.
- Yale University (US)
- Dipartimento de Microbiologia y Genetica, Universidad de Salamanca, Edificio Depatamental 323/CSIC, Campus Miguel de Unamuno, E-37007 Salamanca, Spain.
- Johns Hopkins University (US)
- McGill University (CA)
- University of Basel (CH)
- IRMW-ULB, Avenue E. Gryson, 1, B-1070 Brussels, Belgium.
- FYSA-UCL, Place Croix du Sud, 2/20, 1348-Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium.
- Affymetrix (United States) (US)
- Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf (DE)
- Department of Biology, McGill University, Montreal, PQ, Canada H3A 1B1.
- Washington University in St. Louis (US)
- Department of Molecular, Cellular & Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520–8103, USA.
- Université Libre de Bruxelles (BE)
- KU Leuven (BE)
- UCLouvain (BE)
- ORCID
- Venue
- Science
- Published
- 1999-08-06
- Volume
- 285
- Issue
- 5429
- Pages
- 901-906
- ISSN
- 0036-8075 (ISSN-L)
- 1095-9203
- OpenAlex
- W2140948740
- Cited by
- 3,953
- References
- 35
- Citations by year
- 2026: 41 · 2025: 60 · 2024: 90 · 2023: 103 · 2022: 97 · 2021: 122 · 2020: 133 · 2019: 114 · 2018: 147 · 2017: 146 · 2016: 143 · 2015: 146 · 2014: 157 · 2013: 199 · 2012: 199
- FWCI
- 46.82
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Science (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DIAL (Catholic University of Leuven) (submittedVersion)
- Digital Access to Libraries (submittedVersion)
- Dépôt institutionnel de l'Université libre de Bruxelles (Université Libre de Bruxelles) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (1r01hg001633-01, 5r01hg001627-03)
- National Human Genome Research Institute (HG-01627, HG00185-02, HG01633)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Fungal and yeast genetics research
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Bioinformatics and Genomic Networks
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Microbial Metabolic Engineering and Bioproduction
- Keywords
- Saccharomyces cerevisiae, gene deletion, open reading frames, gene function, essential genes, growth defects
- MeSH terms
- Culture Media, Genes, Fungal, Phenotype, Recombination, Genetic, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Gene Expression Regulation, Fungal, Polymerase Chain Reaction, Open Reading Frames, Genome, Fungal, Gene Deletion, Gene Targeting, Genes, Essential
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