Multiplex PCR: Optimization and Application in Diagnostic Virology
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SUMMARY: PCR has revolutionized the field of infectious disease diagnosis. To overcome the inherent disadvantage of cost and to improve the diagnostic capacity of the test, multiplex PCR, a variant of the test in which more than one target sequence is amplified using more than one pair of primers, has been developed. Multiplex PCRs to detect viral, bacterial, and/or other infectious agents in one reaction tube have been described. Early studies highlighted the obstacles that can jeopardize the production of sensitive and specific multiplex assays, but more recent studies have provided systematic protocols and technical improvements for simple test design. The most useful of these are the empirical choice of oligonucleotide primers and the use of hot start-based PCR methodology. These advances along with others to enhance sensitivity and specificity and to facilitate automation have resulted in the appearance of numerous publications regarding the application of multiplex PCR in the diagnosis of infectious agents, especially those which target viral nucleic acids. This article reviews the principles, optimization, and application of multiplex PCR for the detection of viruses of clinical and epidemiological importance.
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The duplex PCR failures were probably due to preferential amplification of one DNA template over the other, a frequent phenomenon when using multiplex PCRs.
“These results were probably due to a preferential amplification of one DNA template over the other, a frequent phenomenon when using multiplex PCRs [28].”
From Dirofilaria immitis and D. repens show circadian co-periodicity in naturally co-infected dogs (2017) · cites this paper as [28]
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- Authors
- Elnifro, E. M., Ashshi, A. M., Cooper, R. J., & Klapper, P. E.
- Affiliations
- University of Manchester (GB)
- <!--label omitted: 1-->School of Medicine, The University of Manchester,1 and
- ORCID
- Klapper, Paul E.
- Venue
- Clinical Microbiology Reviews
- Publisher
- American Society for Microbiology
- Published
- 2000-10
- Volume
- 13
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 559-570
- ISSN
- 0893-8512 (ISSN-L)
- 1098-6618
- PMC
- PMC88949
- OpenAlex
- W2137089963
- Cited by
- 964
- References
- 126
- Citations by year
- 2026: 54 · 2025: 58 · 2024: 67 · 2023: 60 · 2022: 50 · 2021: 57 · 2020: 51 · 2019: 38 · 2018: 29 · 2017: 37 · 2016: 22 · 2015: 43 · 2014: 30 · 2013: 46 · 2012: 40
- FWCI
- 0.55
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- europepmc.org
- Locations
- Clinical Microbiology Reviews (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Research Explorer (The University of Manchester) (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology Techniques and Applications
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Biosensors and Analytical Detection
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Clinical Biochemistry › Bacterial Identification and Susceptibility Testing
- Keywords
- multiplex PCR, PCR optimization, diagnostic virology, virus detection, primer design, hot-start PCR, infectious disease diagnosis, viral nucleic acids, assay sensitivity and specificity
- MeSH terms
- Humans, Virology, Virus Diseases, Viruses, Polymerase Chain Reaction
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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