The DOI matches its Crossref record; 5 of the 5 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Role of iron in regulation of virulence genes
Open accessAbstract
The abilities of bacterial pathogens to adapt to the environment within the host are essential to their virulence. Microorganisms have adapted to the iron limitation present in mammalian hosts by evolving diverse mechanisms for the assimilation of iron sufficient for growth. In addition, many bacterial pathogens have used the low concentration of iron present in the host as an important signal to enhance the expression of a wide variety of bacterial toxins and other virulence determinants. The molecular basis of coordinate regulation by iron has been most thoroughly studied in Escherichia coli. In this organism, coordinate regulation of gene expression by iron depends on the regulatory gene, fur. Regulation of gene expression by iron in a number of pathogenic organisms is coordinated by proteins homologous to the Fur protein of E. coli. Additional regulatory proteins may be superimposed on the Fur repressor to provide the fine-tuning necessary for the precise regulation of individual virulence genes in response to iron and other environmental signals. Studies of the mechanisms of regulation of iron acquisition systems and virulence determinants by iron should lead to a better understanding of the adaptive response of bacteria to the low-iron environment of the host and its importance in virulence.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Bagg, A., & Neilands, J. B. (1987) · Biochemistry · doi:10.1021/bi00391a039 · Cited by 593
Regulation of ferric iron transport in Escherichia coli K12: Isolation of a constitutive mutant
Hantke, K. (1981) · Molecular and General Genetics MGG · doi:10.1007/bf00269672 · Cited by 563
de Lorenzo, V, Wee, S., Herrero, M., & Neilands, J. B. (1987) · Journal of Bacteriology · doi:10.1128/jb.169.6.2624-2630.1987 · Cited by 536 · cited 5×
“coli fur gene itself, raising the possibility that there may be autoregulation of Jifr by iron (44).”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialCornelissen, C. N., Biswas, G. D., Tsai, J., Paruchuri, D. K., Thompson, S. A., & Sparling, P. F. (1992) · Journal of Bacteriology · doi:10.1128/jb.174.18.5788-5797.1992 · Cited by 236
Protein sources of heme for Haemophilus influenzae
Stull, T. L. (1987) · Infection and Immunity · doi:10.1128/iai.55.1.148-153.1987 · Cited by 121
Cited by
Andrews, S. C., Robinson, A. K., & Rodríguez-Quiñones, F. (2003) · FEMS Microbiology Reviews · doi:10.1016/s0168-6445(03)00055-x · Cited by 2,702
Iron Metabolism in Pathogenic Bacteria
Ratledge, C., & Dover, L. G. (2000) · Annual Review of Microbiology · doi:10.1146/annurev.micro.54.1.881 · Cited by 1,539
Mycobacterium tuberculosis Pathogenesis and Molecular Determinants of Virulence
Smith, I. (2003) · Clinical Microbiology Reviews · doi:10.1128/cmr.16.3.463-496.2003 · Cited by 1,154
Opening the Iron Box: Transcriptional Metalloregulation by the Fur Protein
Escolar, L., Pérez-Martín, J., & de Lorenzo, V. (1999) · Journal of Bacteriology · doi:10.1128/jb.181.20.6223-6229.1999 · Cited by 815
Andrews, S. C. (1998) · Advances in Microbial Physiology · doi:10.1016/s0065-2911(08)60134-4 · Cited by 353
Pohl, E., Haller, J. C., Mijovilovich, A., Meyer‐Klaucke, W., Garman, E., & Vasil, M. L. (2003) · Molecular Microbiology · doi:10.1046/j.1365-2958.2003.03337.x · Cited by 326
Ochsner, U. A., Johnson, Z., & Vasil, M. L. (2000) · Microbiology · doi:10.1099/00221287-146-1-185 · Cited by 310
Bacterial transferrin and lactoferrin receptors
Gray-Owen, S. D., & Schyvers, A. B. (1996) · Trends in Microbiology · doi:10.1016/0966-842x(96)10025-1 · Cited by 299
Nutritional iron turned inside out: intestinal stress from a gut microbial perspective
Kortman, G. A. M., Raffatellu, M., Swinkels, D. W., & Tjalsma, H. (2014) · FEMS Microbiology Reviews · doi:10.1111/1574-6976.12086 · Cited by 291
Iron-withholding strategy in innate immunity
Ong, S. T., Shan Ho, J. Z., Ho, B., & Ding, J. L. (2006) · Immunobiology · doi:10.1016/j.imbio.2006.02.004 · Cited by 269
Ochsner, U. A., & Vasil, M. L. (1996) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.93.9.4409 · Cited by 254
Schmitt, M. P. (1997) · Journal of Bacteriology · doi:10.1128/jb.179.3.838-845.1997 · Cited by 234
Hammerschmidt, S., Bethe, G., H. Remane, P., & Chhatwal, G. S. (1999) · Infection and Immunity · doi:10.1128/iai.67.4.1683-1687.1999 · Cited by 194
Torres, V. J., Attia, A. S., Mason, W. J., Hood, M. I., Corbin, B. D., Beasley, F. C., Anderson, K. L., Stauff, D. L., McDonald, W. H., Zimmerman, L. J., et al. (2010) · Infection and Immunity · doi:10.1128/iai.01423-09 · Cited by 169
Escolar, L., Pérez-Martı́n, J., & de Lorenzo, V. (1998) · Journal of Molecular Biology · doi:10.1006/jmbi.1998.2119 · Cited by 173
Cao, J., Woodhall, M. R., Alvarez, J., Cartron, M. L., & Andrews, S. C. (2007) · Molecular Microbiology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2958.2007.05802.x · Cited by 163
Mechanisms of iron regulation in mycobacteria: role in physiology and virulence
Rodriguez, G. M., & Smith, I. (2003) · Molecular Microbiology · doi:10.1046/j.1365-2958.2003.03384.x · Cited by 162
The Nramp1 Protein and Its Role in Resistance to Infection and Macrophage Function
Canonne‐Hergaux, F., Gruenheid, S., Govoni, G., & Gros, P. (1999) · Proceedings of the Association of American Physicians · doi:10.1046/j.1525-1381.1999.99236.x · Cited by 159
Cope, L. D., Yogev, R., Muller-Eberhard, U., & Hansen, E. J. (1995) · Journal of Bacteriology · doi:10.1128/jb.177.10.2644-2653.1995 · Cited by 145
Lopez-Medina, E., Fan, D., Coughlin, L. A., Ho, E. X., Lamont, I. L., Reimmann, C., Hooper, L. V., & Koh, A. Y. (2015) · PLOS Pathogens · doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1005129 · Cited by 143
Drazek, E. S., Hammack, C. A., Sr, & Schmitt, M. P. (2000) · Molecular Microbiology · doi:10.1046/j.1365-2958.2000.01818.x · Cited by 128
Xiong, A., Singh, V. K., Cabrera, G., & Jayaswal, R. K. (2000) · Microbiology · doi:10.1099/00221287-146-3-659 · Cited by 122
Architecture of a Fur Binding Site: a Comparative Analysis
Lavrrar, J. L., & McIntosh, M. A. (2003) · Journal of Bacteriology · doi:10.1128/jb.185.7.2194-2202.2003 · Cited by 95
Lindsay, J. A., & Foster, S. J. (2001) · Microbiology · doi:10.1099/00221287-147-5-1259 · Cited by 84
Control of Iron Metabolism in Bacteria
Andrews, S., Norton, I., Salunkhe, A. S., Goodluck, H., Aly, W. S. M., Mourad-Agha, H., & Cornelis, P. (2013) · Metal Ions in Life Sciences · doi:10.1007/978-94-007-5561-1_7 · Cited by 72
Reduction of iron by extracellular iron reductases: implications for microbial iron acquisition
Cowart, R. E. (2002) · Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics · doi:10.1016/s0003-9861(02)00012-7 · Cited by 68
Sebastian, S., Agarwal, S., Murphy, J. R., & Genco, C. A. (2002) · Journal of Bacteriology · doi:10.1128/jb.184.14.3965-3974.2002 · Cited by 59
Wiemann, P., Lechner, B. E., Baccile, J. A., Velk, T. A., Yin, W.-B., Bok, J. W., Pakala, S., Losada, L., Nierman, W. C., Schroeder, F. C., et al. (2014) · Frontiers in Microbiology · doi:10.3389/fmicb.2014.00530 · Cited by 60
Iron depletion and virulence in Staphylococcus aureus
Trivier, D., & Courcol, R. J. (1996) · FEMS Microbiology Letters · doi:10.1111/j.1574-6968.1996.tb08373.x · Cited by 49
Rohde, K. H., Gillaspy, A. F., Hatfield, M. D., Lewis, L. A., & Dyer, D. W. (2002) · Molecular Microbiology · doi:10.1046/j.1365-2958.2002.02745.x · Cited by 37
Farmer, J. J., Michael Janda, J., Brenner, F. W., Cameron, D. N., & Birkhead, K. M. (2015) · Bergey's Manual of Systematics of Archaea and Bacteria · doi:10.1002/9781118960608.gbm01078 · Cited by 33
Ito, Y., Nakagawa, S., Komagata, A., Ikeda-Saito, M., Shiro, Y., & Nakamura, H. (2009) · FEBS Letters · doi:10.1016/j.febslet.2009.06.001 · Cited by 28
Comparative analysis of iron regulated genes in mycobacteria
Yellaboina, S., Ranjan, S., Vindal, V., & Ranjan, A. (2006) · FEBS Letters · doi:10.1016/j.febslet.2006.03.090 · Cited by 26
Shin, M., Jin, Y., Park, J., Mun, D., Kim, S. R., Payne, S. M., Kim, K. H., & Kim, Y. (2021) · ACS Chemical Biology · doi:10.1021/acschembio.0c00842 · Cited by 26
Wrobel, A., Ottoni, C., Leo, J. C., Gulla, S., & Linke, D. (2018) · Journal of Structural Biology · doi:10.1016/j.jsb.2017.08.008 · Cited by 20
Metadata
- Authors
- Litwin, C. M., & Calderwood, S. B.
- Venue
- Clinical Microbiology Reviews
- Publisher
- American Society for Microbiology
- Published
- 1993-04
- Volume
- 6
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 137-149
- ISSN
- 0893-8512 (ISSN-L)
- 1098-6618
- OpenAlex
- W2140702033
- Cited by
- 654
- References
- 5
- FWCI
- 13.35
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
