The DOI matches its Crossref record; 54 of the 54 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Distinct Patterns of Dendritic Cell Cytokine Release Stimulated by Fungal β-Glucans and Toll-Like Receptor Agonists
Open accessAbstract
beta-Glucans derived from fungal cell walls have potential uses as immunomodulating agents and vaccine adjuvants. Yeast glucan particles (YGPs) are highly purified Saccharomyces cerevisiae cell walls composed of beta1,6-branched beta1,3-d-glucan and free of mannans. YGPs stimulated secretion of the proinflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) in wild-type murine bone marrow-derived myeloid dendritic cells (BMDCs) but did not stimulate interleukin-12p70 (IL-12p70) production. A purified soluble beta1,6-branched beta1,3-d-glucan, scleroglucan, also stimulated TNF-alpha in BMDCs. These two beta-glucans failed to stimulate TNF-alpha in Dectin-1 (beta-glucan receptor) knockout BMDCs. Costimulation of wild-type BMDCs with beta-glucans and specific Toll-like receptor (TLR) ligands resulted in greatly enhanced TNF-alpha production but decreased IL-12p70 production compared with TLR agonists alone. The upregulation of TNF-alpha and downregulation of IL-12p70 required Dectin-1, but not IL-10. Gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) priming did not overcome IL-12p70 reduction by beta-glucans. Similar patterns of cytokine regulation were observed in human monocyte-derived dendritic cells (DCs) costimulated with YGPs and the TLR4 ligand lipopolysaccharide. Finally, costimulation of BMDCs with YGPs and either the TLR9 ligand, CpG, or the TLR2/1 ligand, Pam(3)CSK(4), resulted in upregulated secretion of IL-1alpha and IL-10 and downregulated secretion of IL-1beta, IL-6, and IFN-gamma-inducible protein 10 but had no significant effects on IL-12p40, keratinocyte-derived chemokine, monocyte chemotactic protein 1, or macrophage inflammatory protein alpha, compared with the TLR ligand alone. Thus, beta-glucans have distinct effects on cytokine responses following DC stimulation with different TLR agonists. These patterns of response might contribute to the skewing of immune responses during mycotic infections and have implications for the design of immunomodulators and vaccines containing beta-glucans.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“Stimulation of TLRs by agonists seems to be a promising strategy to enhance vaccine efficacy, because TLR triggering can induce the production of cytokines by APCs, and can promote germinal center antibody production (217, 218).”
From Immunosenescence and Its Hallmarks: How to Oppose Aging Strategically? A Review of Potential Options for Therapeutic Intervention (2019) · cites this paper as [217]
In the citing paper
“Stimulation of TLRs by agonists seems to be a promising strategy to enhance vaccine efficacy, because TLR triggering can induce the production of cytokines by APCs, and can promote germinal center antibody production (217, 218).”
From Immunosenescence and Its Hallmarks: How to Oppose Aging Strategically? A Review of Potential Options for Therapeutic Intervention (2019) · cites this paper as [217]
In the citing paper
“Stimulation of TLRs by agonists seems to be a promising strategy to enhance vaccine efficacy, because TLR triggering can induce the production of cytokines by APCs, and can promote germinal center antibody production (217, 218).”
From Immunosenescence and Its Hallmarks: How to Oppose Aging Strategically? A Review of Potential Options for Therapeutic Intervention (2019) · cites this paper as [217]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Janeway, C. A., & Medzhitov, R. (2002) · Annual Review of Immunology · doi:10.1146/annurev.immunol.20.083001.084359 · Cited by 8,394
Sallusto, F., & Lanzavecchia, A. (1994) · The Journal of Experimental Medicine · doi:10.1084/jem.179.4.1109 · Cited by 5,129
Korn, T., Bettelli, E., Oukka, M., & Kuchroo, V. K. (2009) · Annual Review of Immunology · doi:10.1146/annurev.immunol.021908.132710 · Cited by 4,873
Interleukin-12 and the regulation of innate resistance and adaptive immunity
Trinchieri, G. (2003) · Nature reviews. Immunology · doi:10.1038/nri1001 · Cited by 4,007
Lutz, M. B., Kukutsch, N. A., Ogilvie, A. L. J., Rößner, S., Koch, F., Romani, N., & Schuler, G. (1999) · Journal of Immunological Methods · doi:10.1016/s0022-1759(98)00204-x · Cited by 2,972
Collaborative Induction of Inflammatory Responses by Dectin-1 and Toll-like Receptor 2
Gantner, B. N., Simmons, R. M., Canavera, S. J., Akira, S., & Underhill, D. M. (2003) · The Journal of Experimental Medicine · doi:10.1084/jem.20021787 · Cited by 1,682
Brown, G. D., & Gordon, S. (2001) · Nature · doi:10.1038/35092620 · Cited by 1,579
The structure and synthesis of the fungal cell wall
Bowman, S. M., & Free, S. J. (2006) · BioEssays · doi:10.1002/bies.20441 · Cited by 1,320
Dectin-1 is required for β-glucan recognition and control of fungal infection
Taylor, P. R., Tsoni, S. V., Willment, J. A., Dennehy, K. M., Rosas, M., Findon, H., Haynes, K., Steele, C. H., Botto, M., Gordon, S., et al. (2006) · Nature Immunology · doi:10.1038/ni1408 · Cited by 1,185
Hirschfeld, M. J., Ma, Y., Weis, J. H., Vogel, S. N., & Weis, J. J. (2000) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.165.2.618 · Cited by 1,155
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Romani, L. (2011) · Nature Reviews Immunology · doi:10.1038/nri2939 · Cited by 1,793
Aiello, A., Farzaneh, F., Candore, G., Caruso, C., Davinelli, S., Gambino, C. M., Ligotti, M. E., Zareian, N., & Accardi, G. (2019) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2019.02247 · Cited by 693
Toll-like receptors in immunity and inflammatory diseases: Past, present, and future
Kumar, V. (2018) · International Immunopharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.intimp.2018.03.002 · Cited by 665
C-type lectin receptors orchestrate antifungal immunity
Hardison, S. E., & Brown, G. D. (2012) · Nature Immunology · doi:10.1038/ni.2369 · Cited by 460
Vascular endothelial cell Toll-like receptor pathways in sepsis
Khakpour, S., Wilhelmsen, K., & Hellman, J. (2015) · Innate Immunity · doi:10.1177/1753425915606525 · Cited by 239
Metadata
- Authors
- Huang, H., Ostroff, G. R., Lee, C. K., Wang, J. P., Specht, C. A., & Levitz, S. M.
- Affiliations
- Department of Medicine
- University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School (US)
- Corresponding author
- Levitz, Stuart M.
- Venue
- Infection and Immunity
- Publisher
- American Society for Microbiology
- Published
- 2009-05
- Volume
- 77
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 1774-1781
- ISSN
- 0019-9567 (ISSN-L)
- 1098-5522
- PMC
- PMC2681737
- OpenAlex
- W2147497666
- Cited by
- 146
- References
- 54
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 13 · 2018: 10 · 2017: 10 · 2016: 12 · 2015: 17 · 2014: 12 · 2013: 6 · 2012: 10
- FWCI
- 5.32
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Infection and Immunity (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- The Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA) Network (American Medical Association) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (R01AI025780, R01AI066087)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Immune Response and Inflammation
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Immunotherapy and Immune Responses
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Immune responses and vaccinations
- Keywords
- β-glucan, scleroglucan, dendritic cells, cytokine production, TLR agonists, Dectin-1, TNF-α, IL-12p70, costimulation, lipopolysaccharide, CpG, Pam3CSK4, monocyte-derived dendritic cells, vaccine adjuvants
- MeSH terms
- Dectin-1, Animals, Cells, Cultured, Dendritic Cells, Humans, Membrane Proteins, Nerve Tissue Proteins, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Down-Regulation, Up-Regulation, Cytokines, Mice, Knockout, Lectins, C-Type, beta-Glucans, Toll-Like Receptors, Mice
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
