The DOI matches its Crossref record; 49 of the 49 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Cell Differentiation Is a Key Determinant of Cathelicidin LL-37/Human Cationic Antimicrobial Protein 18 Expression by Human Colon Epithelium
Open accessAbstract
Antimicrobial peptides are highly conserved evolutionarily and are thought to play an important role in innate immunity at intestinal mucosal surfaces. To better understand the role of the antimicrobial peptide human cathelicidin LL-37/human cationic antimicrobial protein 18 (hCAP18) in intestinal mucosal defense, we characterized the regulated expression and production of this peptide by human intestinal epithelium. LL-37/hCAP18 is shown to be expressed within epithelial cells located at the surface and upper crypts of normal human colon. Little or no expression was seen within the deeper colon crypts or within epithelial cells of the small intestine. Paralleling its expression in more differentiated epithelial cells in vivo, LL-37/hCAP18 mRNA and protein expression was upregulated in spontaneously differentiating Caco-2 human colon epithelial cells and in HCA-7 human colon epithelial cells treated with the cell differentiation-inducing agent sodium butyrate. LL-37/hCAP18 expression by colon epithelium does not require commensal bacteria, since LL-37/hCAP18 is produced with a similar expression pattern by epithelial cells in human colon xenografts that lack a luminal microflora. LL-37/hCAP18 mRNA was not upregulated in response to tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin 1α (IL-1α), gamma interferon, lipopolysaccharide, or IL-6, nor did the expression patterns and levels of LL-37/hCAP18 in the epithelium of the normal and inflamed colon differ. On the other hand, infection of HCA-7 cells with Salmonella enterica serovar Dublin or enteroinvasive Escherichia coli modestly upregulated LL-37/hCAP18 mRNA expression. We conclude that differentiated human colon epithelium expresses LL-37/hCAP18 as part of its repertoire of innate defense molecules and that the distribution and regulated expression of LL-37/hCAP18 in the colon differs markedly from that of other enteric antimicrobial peptides, such as defensins.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Yang, D., Chen, Q., Schmidt, A. P., Anderson, G. M., Wang, J. M., Wooters, J., Oppenheim, J. J., & Chertov, O. (2000) · The Journal of Experimental Medicine · doi:10.1084/jem.192.7.1069 · Cited by 1,240
Jung, H. C., Eckmann, L., Yang, S. K., Panja, A., Fierer, J., Morzycka-Wroblewska, E., & Kagnoff, M. F. (1995) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci117676 · Cited by 1,197
Self-citationSecretion of microbicidal α-defensins by intestinal Paneth cells in response to bacteria
Ayabe, T., Satchell, D. P., Wilson, C. L., Parks, W. C., Selsted, M. E., & Ouellette, A. J. (2000) · Nature Immunology · doi:10.1038/77783 · Cited by 1,060
Sørensen, O. E., Follin, P., Johnsen, A. H., Calafat, J., Tjabringa, G. S., Hiemstra, P. S., & Borregaard, N. (2001) · Blood · doi:10.1182/blood.v97.12.3951 · Cited by 894
Frohm, M., Agerberth, B., Ahangari, G., Ståhle-Bäckdahl, M., Lidén, S., Wigzell, H., & Gudmundsson, G. H. (1997) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.272.24.15258 · Cited by 803
Agerberth, B., Charo, J., Werr, J., Olsson, B., Idali, F., Lindbom, L., Kiessling, R., Jörnvall, H., Wigzell, H., & Gudmundsson, G. H. (2000) · Blood · doi:10.1182/blood.v96.9.3086 · Cited by 758
Bals, R., Wang, X., Zasloff, M., & Wilson, J. M. (1998) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.95.16.9541 · Cited by 746
Conformation-dependent Antibacterial Activity of the Naturally Occurring Human Peptide LL-37
Johansson, J., Gudmundsson, G. H., Rottenberg, M. E., Berndt, K. D., & Agerberth, B. (1998) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.273.6.3718 · Cited by 661
Epithelial cells secrete the chemokine interleukin-8 in response to bacterial entry
Eckmann, L., Kagnoff, M. F., & Fierer, J. (1993) · Infection and Immunity · doi:10.1128/iai.61.11.4569-4574.1993 · Cited by 654
Self-citationGreisen, K., Loeffelholz, M., Purohit, A., & Leong, D. (1994) · Journal of Clinical Microbiology · doi:10.1128/jcm.32.2.335-351.1994 · Cited by 626
Cited by
Short chain fatty acids in human gut and metabolic health
Blaak, E. E., Canfora, E. E., Theis, S., Frost, G., Groen, A. K., Mithieux, G., Nauta, A., Scott, K., Stahl, B., van Harsselaar, J., et al. (2020) · Beneficial Microbes · doi:10.3920/bm2020.0057 · Cited by 1,103
LL-37, the only human member of the cathelicidin family of antimicrobial peptides
Dürr, U. H. N., Sudheendra, U. S., & Ramamoorthy, A. (2006) · Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Biomembranes · doi:10.1016/j.bbamem.2006.03.030 · Cited by 1,049
Chromek, M., Slamová, Z., Bergman, P., Kovács, L., Podracká, L., Ehrén, I., Hökfelt, T., Gudmundsson, G. H., Gallo, R. L., Agerberth, B., et al. (2006) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/nm1407 · Cited by 652
Liévin-Le Moal, V., & Servin, A. L. (2006) · Clinical Microbiology Reviews · doi:10.1128/cmr.19.2.315-337.2006 · Cited by 568
Can probiotics modulate human disease by impacting intestinal barrier function?
Bron, P. A., Kleerebezem, M., Brummer, R.-J., Cani, P. D., Mercenier, A., MacDonald, T. T., Garcia-Ródenas, C. L., & Wells, J. M. (2017) · British Journal Of Nutrition · doi:10.1017/s0007114516004037 · Cited by 499
“However, some studies reported no change in production of defensins by commensal colonisation of the gut((66,67)), which may be due to differences in the regulatory control of certain AMP.”
Background
Metadata
- Authors
- Hase, K., Eckmann, L., Leopard, J. D., Varki, N., & Kagnoff, M. F.
- Venue
- Infection and Immunity
- Publisher
- American Society for Microbiology
- Published
- 2002-02
- Volume
- 70
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 953-963
- ISSN
- 0019-9567 (ISSN-L)
- 1098-5522
- OpenAlex
- W2127449370
- Cited by
- 293
- References
- 49
- FWCI
- 10.06
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Cell Differentiation Is a Key Determinant of Cathelicidin LL-37/Human Cationic Antimicrobial Protein 18 Expression by Human Colon Epithelium. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1128/iai.70.2.953-963.2002
- The paper
- Hase, K., Eckmann, L., Leopard, J. D., Varki, N., & Kagnoff, M. F. (2002). Cell Differentiation Is a Key Determinant of Cathelicidin LL-37/Human Cationic Antimicrobial Protein 18 Expression by Human Colon Epithelium. Infection and Immunity. https://doi.org/10.1128/iai.70.2.953-963.2002
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
