Cited by 153Pneumonia and Respiratory InfectionsBacterial Infections and VaccinesMicrobial infections and disease research

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 37 of the 37 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Limited Role of Antibody in Clearance of Streptococcus pneumoniae in a Murine Model of Colonization

Open access

McCool, Tera L., Weiser, Jeffrey N.·2004·Infection and Immunity

DOI 10.1128/iai.72.10.5807-5813.2004PMC PMC517579

Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

Colonization is the first step in the interaction between Streptococcus pneumoniae and its human host. To better understand the mechanisms contributing to natural carriage, a mouse model of pneumococcal colonization was developed with a clinical isolate of S. pneumoniae previously characterized in experimental colonization of humans. Similar to carriage events in humans, colonization of mice was self-limited and there was no evidence of lower respiratory tract or invasive disease. Carriage induced a serum antibody response to whole pneumococci that was associated temporally with clearance of colonization in three inbred strains of mice. Individual mice, however, did not demonstrate a correlation between the density of colonization and amounts of serum or of mucosal antibodies, including antibodies of different isotypes and antigenic specificities. The role of antibody in the clearance of carriage was then examined in mice with genetic defects in humoral immunity. xid mice, which have deficient responses to polysaccharide antigens, cleared colonization at the same rate as the parent strain. Finally, we showed that μMT mice, which lack mature B cells and fail to produce antibody, were unaffected in the density or duration of colonization. These results demonstrate that antibody is not required for clearance of pneumococcal colonization in mice.

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1128/iai.72.10.5807-5813.2004

Cites

37 of 37 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Streptococcus pneumoniae colonisation: the key to pneumococcal disease
Bogaert, D., de Groot, R., & Hermans, P. (2004) · The Lancet Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1016/s1473-3099(04)00938-7 · Cited by 1,929 · cited 2×
“All pneumococcal infection, however, begins with colonization of the mucosal surface of the nasopharynx, a state far more common than host-pathogen interactions leading to disease (2, 5, 32).”
Background
A B cell-deficient mouse by targeted disruption of the membrane exon of the immunoglobulin μ chain gene
Kitamura, D., Roes, J., Kühn, R., & Rajewsky, K. (1991) · Nature · doi:10.1038/350423a0 · Cited by 1,783
Defective DNA-dependent protein kinase activity is linked to V(D)J recombination and DNA repair defects associated with the murine scid mutation
Blunt, T., Finnie, N., Taccioli, G. E., Smith, G. C. M., Demengeot, J., Gottlieb, T. M., Mizuta, R., Varghese, A. J., Alt, F. W., Jeggo, P. A., et al. (1995) · Cell · doi:10.1016/0092-8674(95)90360-7 · Cited by 865
Mutation of Unique Region of Bruton's Tyrosine Kinase in Immunodeficient XID Mice
Rawlings, D. J., Saffran, D. C., Tsukada, S., Largaespada, D. A., Grimaldi, J. C., Cohen, L., Mohr, R. N., Bazán, J. F., Howard, M., Copeland, N. G., et al. (1993) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.8332901 · Cited by 859
Epidemiologic Studies of Streptococcus pneumoniae in Infants: Acquisition, Carriage, and Infection during the First 24 Months of Life
Gray, B. M., Converse, G. M., & Dillon, H. C. (1980) · The Journal of Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1093/infdis/142.6.923 · Cited by 797
Colocalization of X-Linked Agammaglobulinemia and X-Linked Immunodeficiency Genes
Thomas, J. D., Sideras, P., Smith, C. I. E., Vořechovský, I., Chapman, V. M., & Paul, W. E. (1993) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.8332900 · Cited by 613
PREVENTION OF PNEUMOCOCCAL PNEUMONIA BY IMMUNIZATION WITH SPECIFIC CAPSULAR POLYSACCHARIDES
MacLeod, C. M., Hodges, R. G., Heidelberger, M., & Bernhard, W. G. (1945) · The Journal of Experimental Medicine · doi:10.1084/jem.82.6.445 · Cited by 518
Immunogenicity and Impact on Nasopharyngeal Carriage of a Nonavalent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine
Mbelle, N. M., Huebner, R. E., Wasas, A. D., KIMURA, A. E., Chang, I., & Klugman, K. P. (1999) · The Journal of Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1086/315009 · Cited by 515
Phase variation in pneumococcal opacity: relationship between colonial morphology and nasopharyngeal colonization
Weiser, J. N., AUSTRIAN, R. C., Sreenivasan, P. K., & Masure, H. R. (1994) · Infection and Immunity · doi:10.1128/iai.62.6.2582-2589.1994 · Cited by 423
Self-citation
GENETIC CONTROL OF THE ANTIBODY RESPONSE TO TYPE III PNEUMOCOCCAL POLYSACCHARIDE IN MICE
Amsbaugh, D. F., Hansen, C. T., Prescott, B., Stashak, P. W., Barthold, D. R., & Baker, P. J. (1972) · The Journal of Experimental Medicine · doi:10.1084/jem.136.4.931 · Cited by 345

Show all 37 references

Sorted by citations

Items 101–153 of 153

Compound 48/80 acts as a potent mucosal adjuvant for vaccination against Streptococcus pneumoniae infection in young mice
Zeng, L., Liu, Y., Wang, H., Liao, P., Song, Z., Gao, S., Wu, Y., Zhang, X., Yin, Y., & Xu, W. (2015) · Vaccine · doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2015.01.013 · Cited by 22
Macrolides Promote CCL2-Mediated Macrophage Recruitment and Clearance of Nasopharyngeal Pneumococcal Colonization in Mice
Iwanaga, N., Nakamura, S., Oshima, K., Kajihara, T., Takazono, T., Miyazaki, T., Izumikawa, K., Yanagihara, K., Sugawara, A., Sunazuka, T., et al. (2015) · The Journal of Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1093/infdis/jiv157 · Cited by 22
Pneumolysin expression by streptococcus pneumoniae protects colonized mice from influenza virus-induced disease
Wolf, A. I., Strauman, M. C., Mozdzanowska, K., Williams, K. L., Osborne, L. C., Shen, H., Liu, Q., Garlick, D., Artis, D., Hensley, S. E., et al. (2014) · Virology · doi:10.1016/j.virol.2014.06.019 · Cited by 22
Self-citation
Serum Antibodies to Pneumococcal Neuraminidase NanA in Relation to Pneumococcal Carriage and Acute Otitis Media
Simell, B., Jaakkola, T., Lahdenkari, M., Briles, D. E., Hollingshead, S. K., Kilpi, T. M., & Käyhty, H. M. (2006) · Clinical and Vaccine Immunology · doi:10.1128/cvi.00257-06 · Cited by 21
Mucosal Immunization with the Live Attenuated Vaccine SPY1 Induces Humoral and Th2-Th17-Regulatory T Cell Cellular Immunity and Protects against Pneumococcal Infection
Xu, X., Wang, H., Liu, Y., Wang, Y., Zeng, L., Wu, K., Wang, J., Ma, F., Xu, W., Yin, Y., et al. (2014) · Infection and Immunity · doi:10.1128/iai.02334-14 · Cited by 20
Bacterial Lipoproteins Differentially Regulate Human Primary and Memory CD4+ T and B Cell Responses to Pneumococcal Protein Antigens through Toll‐Like Receptor 2
Zhang, Q., Bagrade, L., Clarke, E., Paton, J. C., Nunez, D. A., & Finn, A. H. R. (2010) · The Journal of Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1086/652495 · Cited by 20
Subcutaneous Immunization with Fusion Protein DnaJ-ΔA146Ply without Additional Adjuvants Induces both Humoral and Cellular Immunity against Pneumococcal Infection Partially Depending on TLR4
Su, Y., Li, D., Xing, Y., Wang, H., Wang, J., Yuan, J., Wang, X., Cui, F., Yin, Y., & Zhang, X. (2017) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2017.00686 · Cited by 20
SERUM ANTIBODIES TO THE PNEUMOCOCCAL SURFACE PROTEINS PhtB AND PhtE IN FINNISH INFANTS AND ADULTS
Holmlund, E., Simell, B., Jaakkola, T., Lahdenkari, M., Hamel, J., Brodeur, B. R., Kilpi, T. M., & Käyhty, H. M. (2007) · The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal · doi:10.1097/01.inf.0000261198.90649.04 · Cited by 19
Nasopharyngeal Exposure to Streptococcus pneumoniae Induces Extended Age-Dependent Protection against Pulmonary Infection Mediated by Antibodies and CD138+ Cells
Ghanem, E. N. B., Maung, N. H. T., Siwapornchai, N., Goodwin, A., Clark, S. A., Muñoz‐Elías, E. J., Camilli, A., Gerstein, R. M., & Leong, J. M. (2018) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.1701065 · Cited by 18
Single priming and booster dose of ten-valent and 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccines and Streptococcus pneumoniae colonisation in children in South Africa: a single-centre, open-label, randomised trial
Olwagen, C. P., Izu, A., Mutsaerts, E. A. M. L., Jose, L., Koen, A. L., Downs, S., der Merwe, L. V., Laubscher, M., Nana, A. J., Moultrie, A., et al. (2023) · The Lancet Child & Adolescent Health · doi:10.1016/s2352-4642(23)00025-1 · Cited by 16
Interaction of clinical isolates ofStreptococcus pneumoniaewith human complement factor H
Quin, L. R., Onwubiko, C., Carmicle, S., & McDaniel, L. S. (2006) · FEMS Microbiology Letters · doi:10.1111/j.1574-6968.2006.00439.x · Cited by 16
Protection against Clostridium difficile infection in a hamster model by oral vaccination using flagellin FliC-loaded pectin beads
Bruxelle, J.-F., Tsapis, N., Hoÿs, S., Collignon, A., Janoir, C., Fattal, E., & Péchiné, S. (2018) · Vaccine · doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2018.08.013 · Cited by 14
Mechanisms in the serotype-independent pneumococcal immunity induced in mice by intranasal vaccination with the cell wall polysaccharide
Lu, Y., Skovsted, I. C., Thompson, C. M., Anderson, P. W., & Malley, R. (2009) · Microbial Pathogenesis · doi:10.1016/j.micpath.2009.06.008 · Cited by 13
Nasopharyngeal colonization with Streptococcus pneumoniae triggers dendritic cell dependent antibody responses against invasive disease in mice
Dommaschk, A., Ding, N., Tarrés, M. T., Bittersohl, L. F., Maus, R., Stolper, J., Jonigk, D. D., Braubach, P., Lippmann, T., Welte, T., et al. (2017) · European Journal of Immunology · doi:10.1002/eji.201646700 · Cited by 12
Association of Serotype-Specific Antibody Concentrations and Functional Antibody Titers with Subsequent Pneumococcal Carriage in Toddlers Immunized with a 9-Valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine
Simell, B., Nurkka, A., Lahdenkari, M., Givon‐Lavi, N., Käyhty, H. M., Dagan, R., & Jokinen, J. (2011) · Clinical and Vaccine Immunology · doi:10.1128/cvi.05369-11 · Cited by 11
Adenoidectomy and nasopharyngeal carriage of Streptococcus pneumoniae in young children
Mattila, P. S., Hammarén‐Malmi, S., Saxén, H., Kaijalainen, T., Käyhty, H. M., & Tarkkanen, J. (2010) · Archives of Disease in Childhood · doi:10.1136/adc.2009.165654 · Cited by 12
Serotype-Specific Cell-Mediated Immunity Associated With Clearance of Homotypic Group BStreptococcusRectovaginal Colonization in Pregnant Women
Kwatra, G., Adrian, P. V., Shiri, T., Izu, A., Cutland, C., Buchmann, E., & Madhi, S. A. (2016) · The Journal of Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1093/infdis/jiw056 · Cited by 11
Streptococcus pneumoniae Colonization Is Required To Alter the Nasal Microbiota in Cigarette Smoke-Exposed Mice
Shen, P., Whelan, F., Schenck, L. P., McGrath, J. J. C., Vanderstocken, G., Bowdish, D. M. E., Surette, M. G., & Stämpfli, M. R. (2017) · Infection and Immunity · doi:10.1128/iai.00434-17 · Cited by 11
Urban Particles Elevated Streptococcus pneumoniae Biofilms, Colonization of the Human Middle Ear Epithelial Cells, Mouse Nasopharynx and Transit to the Middle Ear and Lungs
Yadav, M., Go, Y. Y., Jun, I., Chae, S. W., & Song, J. (2020) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-020-62846-7 · Cited by 11
Traditional Japanese Herbal Medicine Hochu-Ekki-to Promotes Pneumococcal Colonization Clearance via Macrophage Activation and Interleukin 17A Production in Mice
Nakakubo, S., Kimura, S., Mimura, K., Kajiwara, C., Ishii, Y., Konno, S., & Tateda, K. (2020) · Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology · doi:10.3389/fcimb.2020.569158 · Cited by 11
Understanding host immune responses to pneumococcal proteins in the upper respiratory tract to develop serotype-independent pneumococcal vaccines
Lagousi, T., Basdeki, P., de Jonge, M. I., & Spoulou, V. I. (2020) · Expert Review of Vaccines · doi:10.1080/14760584.2020.1843433 · Cited by 9
Genetic background impacts vaccine-induced reduction of pneumococcal colonization
Kuipers, K., van Selm, S., van Opzeeland, F. J., Langereis, J. D., Verhagen, L. M., Diavatopoulos, D. A., & de Jonge, M. I. (2017) · Vaccine · doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2017.08.023 · Cited by 9
B cell mediated priming following pneumococcal colonization
Rabquer, B. J., Shriner, A. K., Smithson, S. L., & Westerink, M. A. J. (2006) · Vaccine · doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2006.11.039 · Cited by 9
Nasopharyngeal Carriage
O’Brien, K. L., Dagan, R., & Mäkelä, P. H. (2014) · ASM Press eBooks · doi:10.1128/9781555815820.ch19 · Cited by 8
Genomic and panproteomic analysis of the development of infant immune responses to antigenically-diverse pneumococci
Croucher, N. J., Campo, J. J., Le, T. Q., Pablo, J. V., Hung, C., Teng, A., Turner, C., Nosten, F. H., Bentley, S. D., Liang, X., et al. (2024) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-023-44584-2 · Cited by 9
A rhesus macaque model ofStreptococcus pneumoniaecarriage
Philipp, M. T., Doyle, L. A., Martin, D. S., Plauche, G., Phillippi‐Falkenstein, K. M., & Bohm, R. P. (2011) · Journal of Medical Primatology · doi:10.1111/j.1600-0684.2011.00512.x · Cited by 5
Lung penetration and pneumococcal target binding of antibiotics in lower respiratory tract infection
Nguyen, P. T. N., Le, N. V., Dinh, H. M. N., Nguyen, B. Q. P., & Nguyen, T. V. A. (2022) · Current Medical Research and Opinion · doi:10.1080/03007995.2022.2131304 · Cited by 5
This information is current as Colonization in the Murine Nasopharynx pneumoniae and Clearance of Pneumococcal Nod2-Mediated Responses to Streptococcus MARCO Is Required for TLR2- and
Bowdish, D. M. E., Tu, Z., Mossman, K. L., Weiser, J. N., Dorrington, M. G., Roche, A. M., & Chauvin, S. (2013) · Cited by 4
Self-citation
Mechanisms of Immune Protection to Pneumococcal Infection in the Young and the Elderly
Baxendale, H., & Brown, J. (2011) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-0346-0219-8_5 · Cited by 4
Animal Models of Pneumococcal Colonization
Malley, R., & Weiser, J. N. (2014) · ASM Press eBooks · doi:10.1128/9781555815820.ch5 · Cited by 4
Self-citation
The effect of T cell independent and cross-reactive antigen on the immune response to pneumococcal conjugate vaccination
Rabquer, B. J., Smithson, S. L., Shriner, A. K., & Westerink, M. A. J. (2006) · Immunology Letters · doi:10.1016/j.imlet.2006.04.013 · Cited by 2
Evaluation of T-Cell Responses Following Sequential Vaccination with PCV13 and PPSV23 Against Streptococcus pneumoniae in Patients with Psoriasis
Wojtakowski, T., van de Sand, L., Helmer, L., Mokanis, M., Witzke, O., Horn, P. A., Krawczyk, A., Sondermann, W., & Lindemann, M. (2025) · Vaccines · doi:10.3390/vaccines13090920 · Cited by 1
Development of improved diagnostic testing methods for invasive pneumococcal disease
Werno, A. (2013) · Otago University Research Archive (University of Otago) · Cited by 1
Vacunaciones de recuerdo: ¿puede la memoria inmunológica adelantarse a la patogénesis de la enfermedad?
Pichichero, M. E. (2009) · PEDIATRICS
Linking innate and adaptive immunity to streptococcus pneumoniae
Olliver, M. (2012) · Figshare
Colonisation-induced protection against Streptococcus pneumoniae disease
Cohen, J. (2011) · UCL Discovery (University College London)
Diagnosis, prognosis and prevention of severe pneumococcal disease
Spindler, C. (2008) · Figshare
The immune response to streptococcus pneumoniae and pneumococcal polysaccharides
Rabquer, B. J. (2006) · OhioLink ETD Center (Ohio Library and Information Network)
hBD-2 and hBD-3 are induced in S. pneumoniae infected human macrophages via distinct signaling pathways but exhibit similar immune modulatory functions
Wittig, M. M. E. (2016) · Universitätsbibliothek der FU Berlin Hochschulschriftenstelle u. Dokumentenserver · doi:10.17169/refubium-8304
Natural adaptive immunity to Streptococcus pneumoniae lung infection
Wilson, R. (2014) · UCL Discovery (University College London)
The Role of Bacterial and Host Factors for Streptococcus pneumoniae Nasopharyngeal Colonization and Diseases
Nakamura, S., Yanagihara, K., & Kohno, S. (2014) · Kansenshogaku zasshi · doi:10.11150/kansenshogakuzasshi.88.669
Cell-Mediated Immunity to the Pneumococcus
Finn, A. H. R., & Malley, R. (2015) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-410530-0.00022-3
Mucosal Vaccines for Streptococcus pneumoniae
Swiatlo, E., & McDaniel, L. S. (2019) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-811924-2.00034-1
Machine Learning-Driven Identification of Serotype-Independent Pneumococcal Vaccine Candidates using samples from Human Infection Challenge StudiesPreprint
Cheliotis, K. S., Gonzalez‐Dias, P., German, E. L., Gonçalves, A. N. A., Mitsi, E., Nikolaou, E., Pojar, S., Miyaji, E. N., Tostes, R., Reiné, J., et al. (2025) · medRxiv · doi:10.1101/2025.09.12.25335625
Machine learning-driven identification of serotype-independent pneumococcal vaccine candidates using samples from human infection challenge studiesPreprint
Cheliotis, K. S., Gonzalez‐Dias, P., German, E. L., Gonçalves, A. N. A., Mitsi, E., Nakaya, H. I., Nikolaou, E., Pennington, S. H., Pojar, S., Reiné, J., et al. (2025) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-7566878/v1
Machine learning-driven identification of serotype-independent pneumococcal vaccine candidates using samples from human infection challenge studies
Cheliotis, K. S., Gonzalez‐Dias, P., German, E. L., Gonçalves, A. N. A., Mitsi, E., Nikolaou, E., Pojar, S., Miyaji, E. N., Tostes, R., Reiné, J., et al. (2026) · Vaccine · doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2026.128280
Impact du microbiote intestinal sur les surinfections bactériennes post-grippales
Sencio, V. (2020) · theses.fr (ABES) · doi:10.70675/15f9ad6cz34d4z4d8azac75zece70c0fd094
Bacterial and host factors affecting acquisition of Streptococcus pneumoniae in a murine model
Fecko, D. P., Wu, C. L., & Weiser, J. N. (2026) · Infection and Immunity · doi:10.1128/iai.00041-26
Self-citation
FcRn-targeted therapeutics: Neonatal fc receptor at the Interface of balancing immune modulation and persevering protective humoral immunity
Ghosh, D., Wang, J., Wen, W., Saxena, A., & Kumar, A. R. (2026) · International Immunopharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.intimp.2026.116751
Biofilm formation during pneumococcal carriage imprints naturally acquired humoral immunity
Lane, J. R., Mauser, H., Santana-Krímskaya, S. E., Konda, V. S., DePass, A., Ercoli, G., Prokopczuk, F. I., Mohasin, M., D’Mello, A., Tettelin, H., et al. (2026) · PLoS Pathogens · doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1013826
Delayed IL-17RA signaling in early life promotes type I interferon/CXCL10-dependent inhibition of pneumococcal clearance
Idowu, T., Fecko, D. P., Eichner, H., Bee, G. C. W., Knoop, K. A., Weiser, J. N., & Lokken-Toyli, K. L. (2026) · Mucosal Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.mucimm.2026.100399
Self-citation
The Effects of Temperate Phage on Streptococcus Pneumoniae During Colonization
DeBardeleben, H. K. (2014) · ScholarlyCommons (University of Pennsylvania)
Characterization of host and microbe interactions affecting adherence, clearance and systemic spread of S. pneumoniae
Dahlberg, S. (2009) · Figshare

Authors: McCool, T. L., & Weiser, J. N.
Affiliations: University of Pennsylvania (US)
Corresponding author: Weiser, Jeffrey N.
ORCID: Weiser, Jeffrey N.
Venue: Infection and Immunity
Publisher: American Society for Microbiology
Published: 2004-10
Volume: 72
Issue: 10
Pages: 5807-5813
ISSN: 0019-9567 (ISSN-L)
1098-5522
DOI: 10.1128/iai.72.10.5807-5813.2004
PMC: PMC517579
OpenAlex: W2153114735
Cited by: 153
References: 37
Citations by year: 2026: 5 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 8 · 2015: 8 · 2014: 13 · 2013: 6 · 2012: 14
FWCI: 6.23
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
europepmc.org
Licence: journals.asm.org/non-commercial-tdm-license (tdm)
Locations: Infection and Immunity (publishedVersion)
Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: National Institutes of Health (n01ai30040-13-0-5)
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (R01AI038446, AI 38446, R21AI044231, F32AI051115, AI30040, AI51115, R01AI044231, AI44231, N01 AI030040)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Pneumonia and Respiratory Infections
Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Microbiology › Bacterial Infections and Vaccines
Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Microbiology › Microbial infections and disease research
Keywords: Streptococcus pneumoniae, pneumococcal carriage, antibody-mediated clearance, humoral immunity, xid mice, B cell deficiency, polysaccharide antigens, mucosal antibodies, inbred mouse strains
MeSH terms: Animals, Antibodies, Bacterial, Antibody Formation, Antibody Specificity, Antigens, Bacterial, B-Lymphocytes, Bacterial Proteins, Disease Models, Animal, Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay, Humans, Immune Sera, Immunoglobulin Isotypes, Mice, Inbred Strains, Pneumococcal Infections, Species Specificity, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Immunity, Mucosal, Mice

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

Limited Role of Antibody in Clearance of Streptococcus pneumoniae in a Murine Model of Colonization

Abstract

Overview

Integrity signals

Verification

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Self-check

Citations

Cites

Cited by

Related

Metadata

Record

About these checks